Offenburg University of Applied Sciences
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Liegt ein Entscheidungsbedarf vor?
No full textEs ist schon viel darüber geschrieben worden, was gute Entscheidungen ausmacht. Weniger Aufmerksamkeit erhielt die Frage, wie beurteilt werden kann, ob überhaupt ein Entscheidungsbedarf vorliegt – eine Frage, die der Aufsichtsrat im Rahmen seiner Überwachungstätigkeit häufig für sich beantworten muss. Die Grundlage einer solchen Beurteilung sind Daten, aus denen der Aufsichtsrat ein Problem oder eine Chance ableitet. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht zunächst, dass Daten von Beobachtungen abhängen. Dann wird gezeigt, woran der Aufsichtsrat gute Beobachtungen und gute Daten erkennt
Towards Connecting East and West German Cities Through Public Extended Reality
No full textProviding public Extended Reality (XR) experiences can foster connections between people around the world. Even 34 years after German reunification, around a quarter of all West Germans have never visited East Germany. Following the examples of the Vilnius-Lublin Portal and the Telectroscope, this paper will therefore present the concept of a study that aims to connect East and West German cities through public XR experiences and to shed light on the German population’s acceptance of immersive XR in public spaces such as city centres
A guideline for the fabrication of fully 3D-printed torque sensor elements - demonstrated based on a real example
Get PDFThis contribution introduces a guideline for the fabrication of fully 3D-printed torque sensor elements. Recent advances in 3D printing technology have made it possible to produce objects and functional structures by employing a variety of 3D printing processes and materials. 3D printing therefore provides an alternative approach to sensor fabrication. Fully 3D-printed resistive torque sensors, encompassing both the elastic structure and strain gauges produced by 3D printing processes, are rarely encountered in the literature. Here, we address this gap by presenting a guideline for the fabrication of fully 3D-printed torque sensor elements. The application of the guideline is demonstrated through a prototype. The guideline consists of three main steps: ”Design”, ”Fabrication” and ”Evaluation”. As part of the guideline, the combination of different 3D printing materials and 3D printing processes will be demonstrated. In order to coordinate the different printing processes and materials, an iterative process is introduced in the design phase. In the second step, ”Fabrication”, the capabilities of a five-axis 3D printing system are demonstrated. In the final step, ”Evaluation”, the sensor element is calibrated. The aim of this guideline is to provide an orientation for the future development and research of 3D-printed sensor elements
Same Same but Different: Why Both Sport-Specific Cutting Tasks and Generic Change-Of-Direction Tasks Might Need to Be Considered to Prevent ACL Injury
No full textOBJECTIVE: To compare knee abduction moment (KAM) magnitudes between a generic 180° pivot turn (modified 505 change-of-direction test; m505) and a handball-specific sidestep cut, and to assess ranking consistency. Additionally, to examine the resultant ground reaction force (GRF) and its frontal plane moment arm to the knee to comprehend their contributions to KAM.
STUDY DESIGN: Observational laboratory study.
METHODS: High-level female handball players (n = 45) performed the m505 and handball-specific sidestep cut. Resultant GRF, its frontal plane moment arm to the knee, and KAM were obtained and subsequently compared between the tasks. Rank correlation coefficients were employed to assess if variables of both tasks are related.
RESULTS: Peak KAM was similar for the m505 and the sidestep cut (1.79 (0.95 – 3.53) Nm/kg vs. 1.64 (0.34 – 3.60) Nm/kg; rB = .25; p = .14). The ranking of the players' peak KAM differed substantially (rS = 0.26, p = .084), suggesting that different tasks could classify the same player with different injury risk. The m505 generated lower resultant GRF (24 ± 4 N/kg, 95% CI [23, 24] vs. 33 ± 9 N/kg, 95% CI [31, 35]; d = 1.30; p < .001) but longer frontal plane moment arms (7.8 ± 1.8 cm, 95% CI [7.3, 8.4] vs. 5.4 ± 1.5 cm, 95% CI: [5.0, 5.8]; d = 1.36; p < .001) than the sidestep cut.
CONCLUSION: A difference in individual ACL injury risk assessment depending on movement type was revealed. While KAM magnitudes were similar across direction-change tasks, player rankings differed. The contributions of resultant GRF and frontal plane moment arms to peak KAM varied between tasks, underscoring the importance of task-specific and individualized injury prevention
A review of Intrusion Detection Systems for the Internet of Things
No full textOver the years, the Internet of Things has brought significant benefits to modern society, lives, and industries; however, the technology used has yet to mature sufficiently to provide secure devices and communication. Recently, the number of connected devices rapidly grows, thus adversaries have more opportunities to gain access to IoT devices and use them to launch what is called large-scale attacks. With the rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, the need for efficient and effective Intrusion Detection System (IDS) tailored for IoT environments has become increasingly paramount. This paper explores various techniques employed in contemporary IoT IDS, including traditional signature-based approaches like Snort and Bro/Zeek, as well as emerging deep learning-based methods
World Conference of AI-Powered Innovation and Inventive Design
No full textThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th IFIP WG 5.4 International TRIZ Future Conference on AI-Powered Innovation and Inventive Design, TFC 2024, held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, during November 6–8, 2024.
The 42 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. They were organized in the following topical sections:
Part I - AI-Driven TRIZ and Innovation
Part II - Sustainable and Industrial Design with TRIZ; Digital Transformation, Industry 4.0, and Predictive Analytics; Interdisciplinary and Cognitive Approaches in TRIZ; Customer Experience and Service Innovation with TRIZ
World Conference of AI-Powered Innovation and Inventive Design
No full textThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th IFIP WG 5.4 International TRIZ Future Conference on AI-Powered Innovation and Inventive Design, TFC 2024, held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, during November 6–8, 2024.
The 42 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. They were organized in the following topical sections:
Part I - AI-Driven TRIZ and Innovation
Part II - Sustainable and Industrial Design with TRIZ; Digital Transformation, Industry 4.0, and Predictive Analytics; Interdisciplinary and Cognitive Approaches in TRIZ; Customer Experience and Service Innovation with TRIZ
The Potential of Generative AI for Systematic Engineering Innovation
No full textGenerative AI offers a new path for engineering innovation by automating idea generation and evaluation. This study explores its effectiveness in addressing complex and inventive engineering challenges. Using automated multi-directional and systematic prompt generation, the paper investigates the ability of AI chatbots to autonomously generate and evaluate innovative solution ideas and concepts. Experiments with various LLMs revealed their potential to accelerate the innovation process but also highlighted limitations in generating feasible, ready-to-use solution concepts. To address these challenges, the paper proposes mixed AI innovation teams, where different generative chatbots can complement and monitor each other. This collaborative approach can improve the quality and feasibility of AI-generated solutions. Case studies demonstrate the practical application of these findings and strategies for effective human-AI collaboration in the innovation process. While generative AI holds significant promise, future research should focus on refining AI models and developing frameworks for effective human-AI interaction to ensure the practical feasibility of AI-generated engineering design solutions for inventive problems
Can Visual Language Models Replace OCR-Based Visual Question Answering Pipelines in Production? A Case Study in Retail
No full textMost production-level deployments for Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks are still build as processing pipelines of independent steps including image pre-processing, object- and text detection, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and (mostly supervised) object classification. However, the recent advances in vision Foundation Models [25] and Vision Language Models (VLMs) [23] raise the question if these custom trained, multi-step approaches can be replaced with pre-trained, single-step VLMs. This paper analyzes the performance and limits of various VLMs in the context of VQA and OCR [5, 9, 12] tasks in a production-level scenario. Using data from the Retail-786k [10] dataset, we investigate the capabilities of pre-trained VLMs to answer detailed questions about advertised products in images. Our study includes two commercial models, GPT-4V [16] and GPT-4o [17], as well as four open-source models: InternVL [5], LLaVA 1.5 [12], LLaVA-NeXT [13], and CogAgent [9]. Our initial results show, that there is in general no big performance gap between open-source and commercial models. However, we observe a strong task dependent variance in VLM performance: while most models are able to answer questions regarding the product brand and price with high accuracy, they completely fail at the same time to correctly identity the specific product name or discount. This indicates the problem of VLMs to solve fine-grained classification tasks as well to model the more abstract concept of discounts