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El saber absoluto como experiencia
No full textThe book The Experience to Come. Hegel and the Absolute Knowledge, by Luis Eduardo Gama, is analyzed. The article presents two specific observations on his interpretation of the passage from the moment of the Spirit to the moment of Religion, as well as on the Hegelian interpretation of the content of Christian religion and highlights the positive elements of his understanding of the concept of absolute knowledge in the Phenomenology of Spirit.Se analiza el libro La experiencia por venir. Hegel el saber absoluto, de Luis Eduardo Gama. El artículo presenta dos observaciones específicas sobre la interpretación del paso del momento del Espíritu al momento de la Religión, así como sobre la interpretación hegeliana del contenido de la religión cristiana, y señala los elementos positivos de su comprensión del concepto de saber absoluto en la Fenomenología del Espíritu
América Latina y el Caribe: Explorando el consumo desde la hipótesis de la renta permanente
No full textThe object of this study is to verify the hypothesis of permanent income through a consumption function of Latin American and Caribbean countries. An equation that associates household consumption with current income and long-term income for data from 14 Latin American and Caribbean countries in the 20 years of the period 2004-2023 is proposed. Using the panel data technique, results that verify a strong relationship between consumption and current income exclusively are obtained, which is framed within the Keynesian theory and does not allow verification of compliance with the permanent income hypothesis.El objeto de este estudio es constatar la hipótesis de la renta permanente mediante una función de consumo de países de América Latina y el Caribe. Se plantea una ecuación que asocia el consumo de los hogares al ingreso corriente y al ingreso de largo plazo para datos de 14 países latinoamericanos y caribeños en los 20 años del periodo 2004-2023. Mediante la técnica de datos de panel se obtienen resultados que verifican una fuerte relación entre el consumo y el ingreso corriente exclusivamente, lo cual se enmarca dentro de la teoría keynesiana y no permite constatar el cumplimiento de la hipótesis de la renta permanente
Validity evidence for the Vitality Scale: Analysis of internal structure and convergence
No full textVitality refers to the individuals’ perception of their energy and their capacity to energize those around them, being an important mental health marker as it is associated to psychological constructs, such as emotional self-regulation. Considering that the Vitality Scale (VS) has only recently been used in Brazil, the aim of this study was to investigate further validity evidence, specifically based on the internal structure and convergent validity of the scale, through its relationship with external variables. A total of 209 participants (aged 17 to 62 years) answered the VS and the Emotional Self-Regulation Scale - Adult (EARE-AD). By means of a Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the one-factor structure of the VS proved plausible for the sample of the present study, with adequate reliability estimate for the scale (0.94). Evidence of convergent validity, through the relationship with related constructs, was verified through its correlation with the EARE-AD factors (-0.15 ? r ? 0.57). Results indicate the adequacy of the VS for use in Brazil. Thus, it is expected that, by means of future interventions and studies on vitality, the VS will provide professionals and researchers with a good instrument to help promoting the mental health and well-being of Brazilian people.Vitality refers to the individuals’ perception of their energy and their capacity to energize those around them, being an important mental health marker as it is associated to psychological constructs, such as emotional self-regulation. Considering that the Vitality Scale (VS) has only recently been used in Brazil, our objective in this study was to investigate further validity evidence, specifically based on the internal structure and convergent validity of the scale, through its relationship with external variables. A total of 209 participants (aged 17 to 62 years) answered the VS and the Emotional Self-Regulation Scale - Adult (EARE-AD). By means of a Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the one-factor structure of the VS proved plausible for the sample of the present study, with adequate reliability estimate for the scale (0.94). Evidence of convergent validity, through the relationship with related constructs, was verified through its correlation with the EARE-AD factors (-0.15 ? r ? 0.57). Results indicate the adequacy of the VS for use in Brazil. Thus, it is expected that, by means of future interventions and studies on vitality, the VS will provide professionals and researchers with a good instrument to help promoting the mental health and well-being of Brazilian people.
Factores asociados a procrastinación y calidad de vida en población universitaria durante la educación en línea por Covid-19
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped education, impacting university students. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and academic procrastination of 273 students (18-65 years old) and their relationship with sociodemographic variables and lifestyle. WHOQOL-BREF and EPA instruments, along with an ad hoc questionnaire, were used. Academic self-regulation correlated with quality of life across all four factors, procrastination with quality of life (physical and psychological health), and age with academic self-regulation, procrastination, and psychological health. Furthermore, differences in scores for academic self-regulation, procrastination, and certain quality of life factors were observed based on aspects such as gender, frequency of physical activity, alcohol consumption, cigarette use, internet access, and computer access.La pandemia de COVID-19 transformó la educación, afectando a estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de vida y la procrastinación académica de 273 estudiantes (18-65 años) y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y estilo de vida. Se utilizaron los instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF y EPA, junto con un cuestionario ad hoc. La autorregulación académica se correlacionó con la calidad de vida en los 4 factores, la procrastinación con calidad de vida (salud física y psicológica) y la edad con autorregulación académica, procrastinación y salud psicológica. Además, se observaron diferencias en las puntuaciones de autorregulación académica, procrastinación y algunos factores de calidad de vida según aspectos como el sexo, frecuencia de actividad física, consumo de alcohol, consumo de cigarro, acceso a internet y acceso a computadora.
Funcionamiento familiar, factores sociodemográficos y familiares asociados a la caries dental infantil
No full textIntroduction: Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic oral disease, it is associated with problems with chewing, nutrition, and a worse quality of life; recently family characteristics, functioning, and socioeconomic conditions have been identified as related factors.
Objective: Determine the association between family functioning, sociodemographics, and family factors with dental caries in children attended at the Pediatric Dentistry area of the Universidad del Magdalena, period 2022-II.
Method: A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study with a sample of 196 patients.
Results: 41.3 % of nuclear families, 64.8 % economic income less than or equal to one SMMLV. Prevalence of normal family function n = 120 (61.2 %), mild dysfunction n = 54 (27.5 %), severe dysfunction n = 13 (6.6 %), and moderate dysfunction n = 9 (4.5%) according to the family APGAR. According to the caries experience index, 5.1% presented a very low risk, 2.6 % low risk, 9.7 % moderate risk, 20.4 % high risk, and 62.2 % very high risk. A multivariate analysis of binomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between caries and family characteristics. Conclusions: No significant association was found between family functioning and childhood caries; the role of the older sibling as a caregiver and the informal occupation of the head of household were protective factors against worse oral health, being an important basis for future studies in the area of family health. Introducción: La caries dental es la enfermedad crónica bucal de mayor prevalencia; está asociada a problemas con la masticación, nutrición y peor calidad de vida; recientemente se han identificado las características familiares, su funcionamiento y condiciones socioeconómicas como factores relacionados. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el funcionamiento familiar, factores sociodemográficos y familiares con la caries en niños atendidos por el área de Odontopediatría de la Universidad del Magdalena para 2022-II.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, transversal, con una muestra de 196 pacientes.
Resultados: 41,3 % de familias nucleares, 64,8 % ingreso económico menor o igual a un SMMLV. Se reportan prevalencias de función familiar normal n = 120 (61,2 %), disfunción leve n = 54 (27,5 %), severa n = 13 (6,6 %) y moderada n = 9 (4,5 %) según el APGAR familiar. Según el índice de experiencia de caries, 5,1 % presentó muy bajo riesgo, 2,6 % bajo riesgo, 9,7 % moderado riesgo, 20,4 % alto riesgo y 62,2 % muy alto riesgo de caries. Se empleó un análisis multivariado de regresión logística binomial para determinar la asociación entre la caries y características familiares, en el que se destacan ser el hermano el familiar responsable (OR = 0,014; IC 95% = 0,001-0,575) y laborar bajo el marco de la informalidad (OR = 0,094; IC 95% = 0,012-0,691).
Conclusiones: No se encontró asociación significativa entre el funcionamiento familiar y la caries infantil; el rol del hermano mayor como cuidador y la ocupación informal del jefe del hogar fueron factores protectores frente a una peor salud bucal, siendo una base importante para futuros estudios en el campo de la salud familiar.
Explicación del bienestar psicológico de adolescentes colombianos a partir del conflicto interparental y competencias parentales: Adolescent psychological well-being, interparental conflict and parental competencies
No full textPsychological well-being is understood as a relevant condition in the development of adolescents, who experience changes that impact the consolidation of their personality and social adaptation. Objective: To explain the psychological well-being of adolescent children based on interparental conflicts and the parental competencies of united and separated parents. Methodology: Study quantitative, descriptive, correlational and explanatory with 473 Colombian adolescents, with sampling non-probabilistic for convenience, instruments with adequate internal consistency were used. Results: The variables that weighed the most in the explanation of psychological well-being were parental involvement and self-blame. Men had greater psychological well-being compared to women. Psychological well-being was higher in children of separated parents compared to children of united parents. A significant interaction effect was obtained between the sex of the adolescent and the type of parents in self-blame. Daughters of separated fathers perceive greater self-blame in the conflict, followed by boys with united fathers. The results suggest continuing to study the psychological well-being of adolescents in order to rethink new ways of accompanying parents (united or separated) from the school context within the framework of educational policies.El bienestar psicológico se comprende como una condición relevante en el desarrollo del adolescente, quien experimenta cambios que impactan la consolidación de su personalidad y adaptación social. Objetivo: explicar el bienestar psicológico de los hijos/as adolescentes a partir de los conflictos interparentales y las competencias parentales de padres unidos y separados. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional y explicativo, con 473 adolescentes colombianos escolarizados, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se utilizaron instrumentos con adecuada consistencia interna. Resultados: las variables que más pesaron en la explicación del bienestar psicológico fue la implicación parental y la autoculpabilidad. Los hombres obtuvieron mayor bienestar psicológico en comparación con las mujeres. Fue mayor el bienestar psicológico en los hijos de padres separados en comparación con los hijos de padres unidos. Se obtuvo un efecto de interacción significativo entre el sexo del adolescente y el tipo de padres en autoculpabilidad. Las hijas de padres separados perciben mayor autoculpabilidad en el conflicto, seguidas de los varones con padres unidos. Los resultados sugieren continuar estudiando el bienestar psicológico de los adolescentes con el fin de repensar nuevas formas de acompañar a los padres (unidos o separados) desde el contexto escolar en el marco de las políticas educativas.
Depressive symptomatology as an explanation of suicidal behavior in old age
No full textBackground. Prevention of suicidal behavior is a challenge for public health, in 2019 703,000 individuals committed suicide worldwide, equivalent to one in ten, with gender variation evident by rates in men that are double those of women by region ; in the Americas suicide in the elderly increased by 17% between 2000-2019.
Objetive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate depressive symptomatology and its relation as a risk factor that contributes to suicidal behavior in the elderly in five Colombian cities.
Methods. An observational quantitative study was carried out, with an analytical design to evaluate factors associated in a survey of 2506 individuals older than 60 years of age. A univariate analysis was performed to calculate absolute and relative frequencies and statistical measures; bivariate analysis was used to estimate the relationship between the dependent variable (suicidal behavior) and the independent variable (depressive symptomatology) and demographic, social and health variables were used to adjust the final model. In this analysis, hypothesis tests, p-values (p<0.05 statistical association), crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their corresponding confidence intervals were calculated. Factors were estimated with logistical regression.
Results. The risk of suicidal behavior was 45.8%, with a higher proportion in adults residing in the city of Pereira, followed by residents in urban areas of Medellín and Santa Marta. The variability of risk of suicidal behavior in the elderly is explained in 51.9% of cases by aspects such as depressive symptomatology, males, physical inactivity, and perception of low quality of life.
Conclusions. It can be concluded that suicidal behavior in older people is a multifactorial phenomenon and is preventable, which is why it requires first the early detection of depressive symptoms, followed by the promotion of physical activity and the subjective perception of quality of life. For this reason, public health policies are needed that promote happiness, dignify old age and respect their rights as valuable contributors to our society, especially now that Colombia is heading towards an aging of the populations, this must be with a guarantee of their human rights.Objective: To establish the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior in older people residing in the urban areas of five Colombian cities.
Methods: A quantitative and analytical study to evaluate associated factors in a survey of 2506 individuals older than 60 was carried out. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis was carried out, taking the dependent variable: suicidal behavior, and independent variables: depressive symptoms, and demographic, social, and health conditions to adjust the final model. Hypothesis tests and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were also calculated.
Results: Suicidal behavior was 45.8%, with the highest proportion in adults from Pereira, followed by residents in Medellín and Santa Marta. The variability of risk is explained in 51.9%: depressive symptoms, discomfort, physical inactivity, and low perception of quality of life.
Conclusions: Suicidal behavior in older people is a multifactorial phenomenon and preventable, which requires early detection of depressive symptoms, followed by the promotion of physical activity and the subjective perception of quality of life. Therefore, public health policies are needed that promote happiness, dignify old age, and respect their rights.
Consumo de alcohol y drogas médicas en adultos mayores del estado de Nuevo León (México)
No full textObjectives: 1) To know the types of alcohol consumption and the types of medical drugs consumed by the elderly and 2) To identify the differences in the types of alcohol consumption and the differences in the consumption of medical drugs in terms of sex in the elderly.
Materials and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 251 elders. A personal data record and questionnaire for the consumption of alcohol and medical drugs, as well as the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-Geriatric version (MAST-G), were used.
Results: 77.3% were women. According to the first objective, participants were classified as sensible consumers (91.2%); the most commonly consumed drugs were benzodiazepines (45.2%), antidepressants (21.4%), and anticonvulsants (16.7%). Regarding the second objective, there were differences in the classification of alcohol consumption according to sex (p < .001), and no significant difference was observed in the type of drugs consumed by sex (p > .05).
Conclusions: The consumption of alcohol and medical drugs is a phenomenon present in the elderly population, which can have negative consequences on their health and well-being.Objetivos: 1) Conocer los tipos de consumo de alcohol y los tipos de drogas médicas consumidas por las personas adultas mayores y 2) Identificar las diferencias en los tipos de consumo de alcohol y las diferencias en el consumo de drogas médicas en cuanto al sexo en las personas adultas mayores.
Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 251 personas adultas mayores. Se utilizó una cédula de datos personales y cuestionario de consumo de alcohol y drogas médicas y Examen de Tamizaje de Alcoholismo Michigan-Versión Geriátrica (MAST-G).
Resultados: El 77.3 % fueron mujeres; de acuerdo con el primer objetivo, los participantes fueron clasificados como consumidores sensatos (91.2 %) y las drogas más consumidas fueron benzodiacepinas (45.2 %), antidepresivos (21.4 %) y anticonvulsivantes (16.7 %). En relación con el segundo existieron diferencias en la clasificación de consumo de alcohol en cuanto al sexo (p < .001) y no se observó diferencia significativa en el tipo de drogas consumidas por sexo (p > .05). Conclusiones: El consumo de alcohol y drogas médicas es un fenómeno presente en la población adulta mayor, el cual puede tener consecuencias negativas en su salud y bienestar
Motivación y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de medicina
No full textObjective: Within the framework of the Self-Determination Theory, the objective was to evaluate the incidence of Motivation on the Academic Performance of medical students.
Materials and methods: Descriptive and correlational research was carried out, according to Dankhe's typology. The population was made up of 1,050 enrolled in a medicine program; the sample size was calculated for a 95% confidence interval, a probability of finding a motivation level of 30%, and an error of 0.05%. The information was obtained through the application of an instrument that investigated sociodemographic data and contained the items of the Motivation in Education Scale; Academic performance data were obtained from the Institution Registration Office. The project was approved by an Ethics and Bioethics Committee. Descriptive statistics, simple regression model, one-way analysis of variance, and T-test for comparison of means were applied.
Results: 280 students were surveyed, 61% female. and 39% male, age was 20 ± 1.88 years; The average academic performance on a scale of 1-5 was 3.9. The students in the sample are characterized by an autonomous motivational style; Women were more motivated than men. No relationship between motivation and semester level or academic performance was demonstrated.
Conclusion: There is no association between motivation and academic performance in medical students.Objetivo: En el marco de la teoría de la autodeterminación, el objetivo fue evaluar la incidencia de la motivación en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de medicina.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, correlacional, según la tipología de Dankhe. La población estuvo conformada por los 1.050 matriculados en un programa de medicina; el tamaño muestral fue calculado para un intervalo de confianza del 95 %, una probabilidad de hallar un nivel de motivación del 30 % y un error del 0,05 %. La información se obtuvo mediante la aplicación de un instrumento que indagaba datos sociodemográficos y contenía los ítems de la Escala de Motivación en Educación; los datos de rendimiento académico se obtuvieron a partir de la Oficina de Registro de la institución. El proyecto fue aprobado por un Comité de Ética y Bioética. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, modelo de regresión simple, análisis de varianza de una vía y prueba T de comparación motivación de medias.
Resultados: Se encuestaron 280 estudiantes, 61 % de género femenino y 39 % masculino; la edad fue de 20 ± 1,88 años; el promedio del rendimiento académico, en escala de 1-5, fue 3,9. Los estudiantes de la muestra se caracterizaron por un estilo motivacional autónomo; las mujeres tuvieron mayor motivación que los hombres. No se demostró relación de la motivación con el nivel semestral ni con el rendimiento académico.
Conclusión: No hay asociación entre la motivación y el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de medicina