Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis
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Socio-Demographic Sheep Farmers’ Characteristic and Their Association with Forage Supply and Performance on Small Scale Farms In West Java
No full textThe scale of improvement in sheep farmers productivity depends on many factors, such as farming system, forage management and human resources. The objectives of the research were (a) to determine the socio-demographic profiles of the sheep farmers in West Java and (b) to study associations with forage management practices and production outcomes parameters on their farms. The study was conducted on 90 sheep flocks in West Java Province in March 2019 to June 2021. Interviews of farmers were performed by using standardized questionnaires. Forage samples were collected from each farm for forage analysis. On each farm, all of the animals were measured at random and evaluated for body condition scoring (1-5, including half scores). All statistical data analyses were conducted using R version 4.1.0. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences in quantitative data, while the potential associations of the socio-demographic characteristics with the forage management practices and production outcomes were evaluated by a linear model. The result showed that the majority of animal farmers were male (92.3%) with the age of farmers was 48.75±9.28 years. The mean farming experience of farmers was 9.47±5.1 years with a few farmers (11.5%) working full-time in animal farming and over 50% had animal farming as a secondary activity. The research concluded that the most associated socio-demographic characteristic with the variables studied were farmers’ main occupation following with age, gender and education.
Keywords sheep farmers, education, forage supply, managemen
Sperm Quality of Various Breeds and Ages of Bull in the Singosari Artificial Insemination Center
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of breeds and bulls ages on semen volume, sperm concentration, total number sperm, progressive motility, and sperm abnormalities of semen bull. The data used in the form of semen quality data from the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center from the period 2021 to 2022. The bulls used each returned 4 bali, simmental and limousin. With age categories 3-4 years, 5-6 years, 7-8 years and 9-10 years. The research design used was a completely randomized factorial design. Data sperm quality were analyzed by general linear model method followed by LS mean. Sperm quality studied showed an interaction (P<0.05) between breed and age on the volume semen, sperm concenration, total number sperm, progressive motility and sperm abnormalities. Bali cattle have a longer semen production period than simmental and limousine cattle. Bali cattle can be used until the age of 9-10 years, while simmental and limousine cattle can only be used until the age of 7-8 years
The Quality Changed of Dairy Cow’s Milk Adulterated by Water: In Chemical Milk Studies
No full textThe study aimed to obtain a comprehensive description of the chemical quality decrease of milk adulterated with water from different sources. Experimental research was carried out at the Dairy Production Laboratory, with the main material being milk from the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Animal Science, Unsoed. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD)-factorial. Factor A was three types of milk (no adulterated milk (NA), adulterated by farm water (AFW), and adulterated by house water (AHW)). Factor B was six times of storage (0; 4; 8; 12; 16; 20 hours). There were 18 treatments, each repeated three times. Thus, there were 54 units. Milk quality was observed at controlled room temperature, namely the average temperature of Purwokerto City (300C) in the incubator. Data were analyzed for variance and further tested for linear regression. The analysis of variance showed that the interaction between the type of adulteration and storage time had a very significant effect (
Determining Superior Livestock Using Location Quotient Approach in Papua Province of Indonesia
No full textUsaha peternakan berpeluang untuk dikembangkan karena meningkatnya jumlah penduduk, meningkatnya daya beli masyarakat akan kebutuhan protein, serta tingginya permintaan dan kebutuhan akan gizi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daerah-daerah yang menjadi sentra peternakan di Provinsi Papua dan menentukan nilai LQ (Location Quotient) pada daerah basis di Provinsi Papua. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analisis yang dilakukan di Provinsi Papua dari bulan Januari sampai Maret 2022. Penelitian ini juga merupakan penelitian sensus yang meliputi 29 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Papua, yaitu Merauke, Jayawijaya, Jayapura, Nabire, Kepulauan Yapen, Biak Numfor, Paniai, Puncak Jaya, Mimika, Boven Digoel, Mappi, Asmat, Yahukimo, Pegunungan Bintang, Tolikara, Sarmi, Keerom, Waropen, Supiori, Mamberamo Raya, Nduga, Lanny Jaya, Mamberamo Tengah, Yalimo, Puncak Jaya, Dogiyai, Intan Jaya, Deiyai, dan kota Jayapura. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari BPS Provinsi Papua tahun 2017 – 2021 dan menganalisisnya menggunakan alat Location Quotient. Hasilnya sebagai berikut: kabupaten/kota dengan basis tiga jenis ternak yaitu Mimika, Keerom, dan Deiyai; kabupaten/kota dengan basis dua jenis ternak yaitu Merauke, Kepulauan Yapen, Biak Numfor, Boven Digoel, Mamberamo Raya, dan Kota Jayapura; kabupaten/kota dengan satu jenis ternak sebagai basisnya adalah Jayapura, Nabire, Paniai, Mappi, Asmat, Tolikara, Sarmi, Supiori, dan Dogiyai. kabupaten/kota dengan basis tiga jenis ternak yaitu Mimika, Keerom, dan Deiyai; kabupaten/kota dengan basis dua jenis ternak yaitu Merauke, Kepulauan Yapen, Biak Numfor, Boven Digoel, Mamberamo Raya, dan Kota Jayapura; kabupaten/kota dengan satu jenis ternak sebagai basisnya adalah Jayapura, Nabire, Paniai, Mappi, Asmat, Tolikara, Sarmi, Supiori, dan Dogiyai. kabupaten/kota dengan basis tiga jenis ternak yaitu Mimika, Keerom, dan Deiyai; kabupaten/kota dengan basis dua jenis ternak yaitu Merauke, Kepulauan Yapen, Biak Numfor, Boven Digoel, Mamberamo Raya, dan Kota Jayapura; kabupaten/kota dengan satu jenis ternak sebagai basisnya adalah Jayapura, Nabire, Paniai, Mappi, Asmat, Tolikara, Sarmi, Supiori, dan Dogiyai
Determining the FecXE Allele in Batur Ewes (Ovis aries) of Indonesia
No full textBatur sheep (Ovis aries) is one of the Indonesian native sheep that originated from Banjarnegara Regency. This study aimed to detect the FecXE allele of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) in Batur ewes using the sequencing method. A total of six (6) Batur ewes were randomly selected for investigation. The results showed that three (3) ewes were detected as carrier animals (FecX+/ FecXE), and the other ewes were wild-type animals (FecX+/FecX+). Unfortunately, this study did not observe a mutant animal (FecXE/FecXE). It can be concluded that the presence of the FecXE allele in Batur ewes may affect the prolificacy trait since previous studies reported that heterzygous ewes have the largest litter size traits than in wild-type ewes.
Keywords: Batur sheep, BMP15 gene, litter size, sequencing
Effects of the Phytobiotics Ginger Extract (Zingiber Officiale Rosc.) In Drinking Water on KUB Chicken Performance
No full text The present study was to evaluate the effects of phytobiotics ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in drinking water on productive traits Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chickens. A total number of one hundred KUB chicks were randomly divided into four treatments with five replicates, each replicate contained five chickens. KUB chickens have received a basal diet supplemented with or without experimental treatments. Five experimental treatments were: control diet (T0), drinking water with 0.5% red ginger extract (T1), 1.0 % red ginger extract (T2), and 1.5 % red ginger extract (T3). The experimental treatments were controlled without red ginger extract (T0), drinking water with 0.5% ginger extract (T1), 1.0 % ginger extract (T2), and 1.5 % ginger extract (T3). The basal diet was yellow corn, BR2 poultry concentrate produced by PT Wonokoyo, rice brand, and vitamin premix, which contains 17.07% CP, 3097.79 kcal/kg ME, 0.81% Ca, and 0.56% Pav. Variables evaluated were productive traits of KUB chicken. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA in a completely randomized design. The conclusion of this research was phytobiotic ginger extract in the drinking water did not significantly affect the performance productivity of KUB chicken
Identifikasi Koliform dan Total Mikroba Yoghurt Susu Kambing dengan Penambahan Apel Manalagi
No full textABSTRAKPenambahan sari apel manalagi dalam yoghurt susu kambing diduga mampu meningkatkan aktivitas bakteri asam laktat yoghurt sebagai pangan fungsional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa cemaran koliform dan total mikroba pada yoghurt susu kambing dengan penambahan sari apel manalagi. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuannya adalah penambahan sari apel manalagi, P0 (0%), P1 (5%), P2 (10%), P3 (15%). Variabel yang diamati adalah koliform dan total mikroba. Data koliform dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif sedangkan data total mikroba dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Cemaran koliform pada yoghurt susu kambing P0, P1, P2, dan P3 adalah < 3Apm/ml. Hasil analisis ragam bahwa penambahan sari apel manalagi berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap total mikroba yoghurt susu kambing, dengan rata-rata (CFU/ml) P0 5,8x106a, P1 2,5x107ab, P2 5,0x107b, P3 7,7x107b. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah cemaran koliform < 3Apm/ml dan total mikroba semakin meningkat dengan adanya penambahan sari apel manalagi. Penambahan sari apel manalagi 10% mampu menghasilkan yoghurt susu kambing terbaik berdasarkan cemaran koliform < 3 Apm/ml dan total mikroba 5,0x107CFU/ml.Kata kunci: salmonella, koliform, total mikroba, yoghurt susu kambing, apel manalagi Identification Coliform and Total Microbial Goat Milk Yoghurt with Manalagi AppleABSTRACTThe addition of manalagi apple cider in goat's milk yogurt, it is thought to be able to increase the activity of lactic acid bacteria in yogurt as a functional food. The aim of this study was to analyze coliform and total microbial contamination in goat's milk yogurt with the addition of manalagi apple cider. The method in this study was experimental using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were the addition of manalagi apple cider, P0 (0%), P1 (5%), P2 (10%), P3 (15%). Variables observed were coliform and total microbes. Coliform data were analyzed using descriptive analysis while total microbial data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The analysis was continued with Least Significance Different test (LSD). Coliform contamination in goat's milk yogurt P0, P1, P2, and P3 was < 3Apm/ml. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the addition of manalagi apple cider had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the total microbes of goat's milk yogurt, with an average (CFU/ml) of P0 5.8x106a, P1 2.5x107ab, P2 5.0x107b, P3 7.7x107b. The conclusion of this study showed that the coliform < 3Apm/ml and the total microbe increases with the addition of manalagi apple cider. The addition of manalagi apple cider was able to produce the best goat’s milk yoghurt based on coliform < 3 Apm/ml dan total microbe 5.0x107 CFU/ml.Keywords: salmonella, coliform, total microbes, goat yogurt, manalagi apple
Physical Quality of Culled Duck Meatball Substituted with Edamame Flour Filler
No full textThis study aimed to determine the effect of edamame flour filler substitution on the physical quality of culled duck meatballs. The research material consisted of culled duck meat, tapioca flour, edamame flour, albumen, garlic, onion, salt, pepper, monosodium glutamate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and ice. The edamame flour filler substitution treatments were P0 (0%), P1 (5%), P2 (10%), P4 (15%), and P5 (20%) from total filler. Each treatment consisted of five replications. The parameters which tested were pH value, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and chewiness. The data on physical quality results were analyzed by analysis of variance using completely randomized design and if there was significantly (P<0.01), then that tests further by the Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the substitution of edamame flour filler to the level of 20% had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on pH value, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and tenderness of culled duck meatballs. The edamame flour filler substitution at the level of 20% can increase the pH value, water holding capacity, and cooking loss, but decrease chewiness of culled duck meatballs
Aktivitas Enzim Protease dan Dinamika Protein Cairan Rumen pada Rekayasa Pakan Aditif Secara In Vitro
No full textABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh penambahan pakan aditif dalam pakan ruminansia sebagai upaya meningkatkan aktivitas protease dan mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap total protein cairan rumen pada lama inkubasi yang berbeda. Penambahan bahan aditif diharapkan dapat menjaga kondisi lingkungan mikro rumen tetap stabil dan dapat memberikan suasana yang optimal untuk kinerja bakteri rumen. Apabila kondisi lingkungan mikro rumen sesuai dan suasana rumen menjadi anaerob maka populasi bakteri rumen akan meningkat. Peningkatan populasi bakteri rumen akan berdampak pada meningkatnya aktivitas enzim yang dihasilkan. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental menggunakan metode in vitro. Perlakuan yang diuji yaitu P0 = Pakan basal (60% konsentrat : 40% hijauan); P1 = P0 + 0,5% isobutirat; P2 = P1 + 0,5% S. cerevisiae; P3 = P2 + 1% minyak kedelai. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (one way classification), setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5 kali sehingga terdapat 20 unit percobaan. Peubah yang diukur yaitu aktivitas protease menggunakan metode Walter dan kadar protein cairan rumen dalam pengamatan dinamika protein diukur menggunakan metode Bradford. Hasil analisis variansi menunjukan bahwa penambahan pakan aditif berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,01) terhadap aktivitas protease dalam cairan rumen dan hasil analisis variansi dinamika protein menunjukkan bahwa inkubasi 4 jam pada perlakuan P2 dan P3 menunjukkan perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,01) terhadap kadar protein. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan kombinasi isobutirat, S. Cerevisiae, dan minyak kedelai pada substrat pakan merupakan perlakuan yang paling efektif dalam meningkatkan aktivitas protease dan mampu meningkatkan kadar protein cairan rumen pada jam ke 4 inkubasi secara in vitro.Kata Kunci: pakan aditif, protease, in vitro, proteinProtease Activities and Dynamics of Rument Liquid Proteins on In Vitro Feed Additives ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of adding feed additives to ruminant feed as an effort to increase protease activity and to examine its effect on the total protein in rumen fluid at different incubation times. The addition of additives is expected to maintain a stable rumen microenvironment and can provide an optimal atmosphere for the performance of rumen bacteria. If the conditions of the rumen microenvironment are suitable and the rumen atmosphere becomes anaerobic, the population of rumen bacteria will increase. An increase in the population of rumen bacteria will have an impact on increasing the activity of the enzymes produced. This research is experimental using the in vitro method. The treatments tested were P0 = basal feed (60% concentrate: 40% forage); P1 = P0 + 0.5% isobutyrate; P2 = P1 + 0.5% S. cerevisiae; P3 = P2 + 1% soybean oil. This study used a completely randomized design (one way classification), each treatment was repeated 5 times so that there were 20 experimental units. The variables measured were protease activity using the Walter method and rumen fluid protein levels in the protein dynamics observations measured using the Bradford method. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the addition of feed additives had a very significant effect (p<0.01) on the protease activity in the rumen fluid and the results of the analysis of variance of protein dynamics showed that the 4-hour incubation in P2 and P3 treatments showed a very significant effect (p <0, 01) on protein content. The conclusion of this study is the addition of a combination of isobutyrate, S. cerevisiae, and soybean oil to the feed substrate is the most effective treatment in increasing protease activity and is able to increase rumen protein levels at the 4th hour of incubation in vitro.Keywords: feed additives, protease, in vitro, protei
Pre-mating Performance of Garut Ewes Fed by Sorghum-Indigofera Based Diet During the Acclimatization Period
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum-Indigofera forage-based feed on the pre-mating performance of Garut ewes. A total of 28 Garut ewes was divided into two groups of treatment so that each treatment consisted of 14 heads. The treatment of field grass (FG) as a control and the feed composition in the formula of 50% sorghum forage silage + 40% Indigofera hay + 10% rice bran (SI). The animals were distributed under a completely randomized design, and the data were analyzed using a t-test. The results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrient digestibility values of FG were higher (p0.05). The average pre-mating bodyweight of Garut ewes for all treatments was the same number relatively, were 35 kg/head. BUN and blood cholesterol levels in the FG and SI treatments were 36.18±3.47 vs 35.27±4.23, and 66.13±5.56 vs 69.25±3.95 mg/dl, respectively. It can be concluded that SI feed had higher efficiency values and better readiness for the reproductive phase. Therefore, SI feed can be used as a substitute for field grass for the reproductive stage of Garut ewes