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Comparative Evaluation of Hermetia Illucens Larvae Reared on Different Substrates: Effect on Growth (The Yield, Nutritional Properties and Bioconversion) Rate
Full text linkMedia usage for Black Soldier Flies Larvae (BSFL) growth has not been standardized yet, and many research has tried to elucidate different substrates to produce optimal BSFL growth. This study aimed to analyse the effect of different media with different metabolizable energy and nutrient content, such as tofu waste (high metabolizable energy), Azolla microphylla (moderate metabolizable energy), and layer manure (low metabolizable energy), on the yield and nutritional properties of 19-d-old Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL). We grew BSFL from egg to 19-d-old larvae and analysed the BSFL yields by total and individual weight. Nutritional properties were analysed by using proximate, including water content, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat. The results showed that the growth media of BSFL on tofu waste, Azolla microphylla, and layer manure showed significant differences in total weight and individual weight (p<0.05). Tofu waste produced the highest total weight (280,75±4,99 g). The nutrient content (water, ash, crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber) of BSFL grown on tofu waste is the best for yield production. Tofu waste also showed excellent performance in nutrient content except for the percentage of protein compared to Azolla, which was the highest among media, and tofu waste as a growth media for BSFL produced lower protein content. The fiber content of media might influence the protein content. In conclusion, we suggest using high metabolizable energy for BSFL growth media to obtain good yield and high nutrient properties
Morphological Characteristics of Gamma-Irradiated Desmanthus virgatus Mutants Adapted to High Salinity Conditions
Full text linkGamma-ray irradiation can induce plant mutations, resulting in stable genetic changes that persist in future generations. This study aims to assess the morphological characteristics of the potential mutant of Hedge Lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus) that has developed adaptation to high salinity conditions as a result of irradiation using gamma-ray. A total of 36 candidate mutants first generation (M1) of D. virgatus were used in this study, and they had developed adaptation to high salinity conditions (8.4 dS/m) and were observed 64 wk after planting. The collected data underwent a descriptive statistical analysis and succeeded by applying the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess the normality of the data distribution. A concentration index greater than one (>1.00) signifies a high value of the plant’s morphological characteristic. All levels of gamma irradiation groups produced an excellent survival response in the mutant candidate. The high diversity in morphological characteristics was reflected in the number of compound leaves, the width of compound leaves, and the number of leaves per pinnae, flowers, and pods. The dominant color of the lower leaves was 7.5 Green Yellow (5/6), and the middle leaves were 7.5 Green Yellow (5/6), while the dominant color of the upper leaves was 7.5 Green Yellow (6/8). The mutant candidate of D. virgatus exhibited the best characteristics, as determined by the concentration index, were those subjected to 200 Gray and 300 Gray irradiation. Fifteen superior mutant candidates were identified, namely GDV100.1, GDV100.2, GDV100.4, GDV100.5, GDV200.2, GDV200.3, GDV200.7, GDV200.9, GDV200.10, GDV300.3, GDV300.4, GDV300.5, GDV300.12, GDV300.13. and GDV 500.1. The three best mutant candidates (M1) were GDV100.2, GDV200.3, and GDV500.1. The three best mutant candidates (M1) were GDV100.2, GDV200.3, and GDV500.1.
The Production Rates Of Pakchong Elephant Grass Based On Different Urea Fertilizer Dosage Levels
Full text linkPakchong elephant grass (PEG) is a super fodder with significant nutritional content and high production levels. The purpose of this research is to quantify the growth and yield of PEG through nitrogen fertilizer engineering with different dosages and repeated fertilization methods. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed in the investigation, with 4 different levels of urea dosage (100; 200; 300; and 400 N kg/ha). And 10 replicates. ANOVA was used to evaluate the data, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was then used to determine whether the treatments were substantially different (P0.05) in nitrogen fertilizer levels at the end of maintenance (8 weeks after planting) for leaf width, leaf chlorophyll content, stem sugar content, quantity of tillers, and the leaf-to-stem ratio of PEG. The research's conclusion indicates that adding nitrogen fertilizer up to 400 N kg/ha is generally safe and feasible for the growth and production of PEG. A nitrogen fertilizer dosage of 200 N kg/ha is optimal to meet PEG's growth and production needs
The implication of Artificial Insemination Technology on Farmers’ Willingness to Adopt the Beef Cattle in Soppeng Regency
Full text linkArtificial insemination is a widely adopted technique in the livestock industry to enhance breeding performance and improve the quality and quantity of cows. However, implementing this technology in Soppeng Regency is currently facing a challenge that has resulted in low pregnancy rates among cows. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive evaluation to identify the root cause of the unsatisfactory outcomes and find practical solutions to improve the success rate of artificial insemination in the region. This study aimed to implicate the factors influencing farmers' adoption of artificial insemination technology. It was carried out between July and September 2023 in Marioriawa, Lalabata, and Marioriwawo districts of Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi Province. An explanatory study was used to implicate the factors that influenced adopting artificial insemination technology in farmers by involving 140 respondents and analyzed using binary logistic regression. The successful adoption of artificial insemination technology in beef cattle farmers in Soppeng Regency depends on various factors. While technical aspects and supporting infrastructure are critical, other factors, such as farmers' willingness to adopt the technology, proactive attitudes, and positive perceptions, also play a significant role in farmers’ decision-making. Additionally, regional accessibility, farming maintenance systems, and extension activities are crucial aspects to consider. Therefore, before implementing the technology, it is essential to pay special attention to these areas and provide appropriate interventions to ensure its succes
Efficacy of Iron-Rich Premix Mineral Supplementation on Egg Yolk's Fe Content and Egg Quality
Full text linkIron's significance in human health and diseases has been extensively examined in recent reviews, leading to the consensus that iron insufficiency is a worldwide issue requiring immediate attention. Fe-enriched eggs are significant for delivering this essential trace mineral to humans. This study aimed to assess the effects of adding premix minerals on the physical and chemical quality of eggs and the yolk's iron levels. 1,680 Lohman brown laying hens, aged 31 weeks (body weight: 1.70±0.11 kg, egg production average: 81.2 %), were divided into two groups (n = 840) and fed different diets for six weeks. The diets included a basal diet (CON) and a diet enriched with a 2.5 g / kg food premix mineral (PM-Fe). The findings indicated that there was no impact on the physical and chemical quality of the eggs. However, compared to the control diet, the addition of premix significantly enhanced the iron level in the yolk after 42 days (p<0.05). To summarize, adding 2.5 g per kg of premix mineral (which contains 12.6 g per kg of iron premix) can result in a 23.4% rise in iron content in the diet and a 15.7% increase in iron content in the egg yolk
Effect of Farmers’ Behavior on Business Success Toward the Implementation of Partnership Patterns in Broiler Farming in Jawa Tengah
Full text linkOvercome this challenge is by participating in partnerships. However, the implementation of the partnership pattern faces challenges, particularly indiscipline in complying with the agreed-upon rules between the farmer and the nucleus company. This lack of discipline can significantly affect the success of the broiler farming business. The success of a broiler farming business is determined by various factors related to the behavior of farmers, including their knowledge, attitudes, skills, motivation, and socio-economic conditions. To understand the effect of farmer behavior on the success of broiler farming, it is essential to study the implementation of partnership patterns. This research was conducted in Central Java Province, with a focus on Banyumas Regency and Klaten Regency. Respondents were selected using the snowball sampling technique, resulting in a sample size of 90 respondents. Data were analyzed both descriptively and quantitatively, and models were constructed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) method. The findings revealed that (1) the implementation of the broiler farming business partnership pattern was categorized as very good; (2) the success level of the broiler farming business was categorized as very successful; and (3) attitudes, skills, motivation, and socio-economic conditions of farmers affect the success of broiler farming toward the implementation of partnership patterns. Farmers are advised to proactively propose to partner companies to focus on improving attitudes, skills, motivation, and socioeconomic conditions that have a positive effect on business success, involving training activities, technical development, and motivational support
Fermentation Products, Microbial Protein Synthesis, and Hydrolytic Enzymes Activity of Rumen Fluids Local Beef Cattle Supplemented by Direct-Fed Microbials and Waru Leaf Flour
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Waru Leaf Flour (WLF) and Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) supplementation on volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia (N-NH3) concentrations, total protozoa, microbial protein synthesis (MPS), and the specific activity of cellulase, amylase, protease in rumen fluids of local beef cattle. The study was conducted as an experimental investigation using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD). The first factor were three levels of DFM (P) mixed with rice straw (0%, 0.5%, and 1% dry matter of rice straw). The second factor consisted of three levels of WLF supplementation (D) in concentrates (0%, 0.24%, and 0.48% of dry matter concentrate). This resulted nine treatment groups, each it replicated three times.The diet composition consisted of rice straw and concentrate at 40:60 ratio (% dry matter). The interaction between DFM and WLF had a statistically significant impact (p0.05) in relation to VFA, MPS, cellulase, amylase, and protease activity. While no significant interaction were observed for total VFA, cellulase, amylase, and protease, DFM supplementation had a statistically significant effect (P<0.01) on reducing enzymes activity, and total VFA (P<0.05). SDS-PAGE and zymography analyzes showed two protease molecules at all treatments with molecular weight of 144 kDa and 133 kDa, cellulase molecules at 62-67 kDa and 19-21 kDa respectively. The addition of DFM showed a new protease band, they had a measurement of 14 and 25 kDa.This study provides valuable insights into enzyme activities in rumen, particularly protease, cellulase, and amylase. The results suggest that the combination of 0.24% WLF and 0.5% DFM supplementation holds promise for optimizing rumen conditions and improving the performance of local beef cattle
Evaluation of Fermented Rations Containing Physalis angulata (Ciplukan) on the Performance of Male Laying Chickens
Full text linkThe cultivation of male laying chickens still has problems, namely the resulting performance is not maximized. Therefore research using fermented ciplukan plant (Physalis angulata) as a feed additive containing antioxidant compounds that function to improve performance needs to be carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of using fermented ciplukan flour on the performance of male laying chicken. This research was conducted at the Animal Husbandry Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia. The material for this research was 100 DOC (Day Old Chicks) male laying chicken MB 502 from PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia. This research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments. The treatments were: control/without giving ciplukan (T0), giving 0.5% fermented ciplukan (T1), giving 0.75% fermented ciplukan (T2) and giving 1% fermented ciplukan (T3). Each treatment was repeated 5 times, each repetition consisting of 5 chickens. The parameters measured included ration consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, ration conversion and ration efficiency. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range test. The results showed that the addition of fermented ciplukan flour in the ration had no significant effect on the consumption of male laying chicken. In conclusion, real treatment resulted in lower performance compared to commercial rations. However, T1, which is 0.5% ciplukan, tends to produce better performance
Reproductive Performance and Population Dynamics of Cattle in Rembang District, Central Java Province
Full text linkRembang Regency has the fourth largest cattle population in Central Java Province. Cattle farming in Rembang Regency is mostly conducted by farmers and family farmers with 2 to 4 cattle. The objective of this study was to measure the reproductive performance, natural increase (NI), and population dynamics of cattle in Rembang District, Central Java. The study was conducted using a survey method by collecting data from 400 farmers and 1,275 cattle in five subdistricts in Rembang District. The results showed that the reproductive index value of cows was 0.77 head/year, the natural increase (NI) value was 55.06%, and the average growth of cattle in Rembang District from 2017 to 2022 was 2.81% per year. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the reproductive performance is quite good but there are still many cows with poor reproductive performance in the population and based on population dynamics data, it is concluded that many cattle transported out of Rembang Regency
Sperm Kinematics of Pesisir Bull Thawed at Different Temperatures and Times
Full text linkPesisir bulls from West Sumatra, Indonesia, have the potential to be valuable meat producers due to their adaptability and unique characteristics, but reproductive challenges necessitate the use of artificial insemination (AI) technology. The success of AI relies on the quality of frozen semen, which is influenced by thawing conditions, making the evaluation of sperm kinematics through Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) crucial for a comprehensive assessment of sperm function. This research evaluated the kinematics of frozen semen spermatozoa from Pesisir bulls. Frozen semen samples (n = 20) were thawed at 37°C for 10, 20, and 30 s and at 25°C for 30, 45, and 60 s. Kinematic parameters were observed using a Computer-Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA), including total motility (M), progressive motility (PM), the velocity of the average path (VAP) (m/sec), the velocity of curvilinear (VCL) (m/sec), the velocity of straight line (VSL) (m/sec), straightness (STR) (%), linearity (LIN) (%), wobble (WOB) (%), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) (m), and beat/cross-frequency (BCF) (Hz). Thawed frozen semen at a temperature of 37°C for 20 s significantly (p<0.05) increased M, PM, and ALH. Furthermore, thawed frozen semen at 37°C for all durations and at 25°C for 60 s showed better quality for VAP, VCL, and VSL (p<0.05). Meanwhile, thawed frozen semen at 25°C increased STR, LIN, and WOB. However, thawing temperature and duration had no significant effect on BCF. Correlation analysis conducted on semen thawed at a temperature of 37°C for 20 s found that VAP was correlated with VCL, VSL, and ALH, while semen thawed at a temperature of 25°C for 60 s found that VAP was correlated with VCL, VSL, STR, LIN, and ALH. Most kinematic parameters were significantly better in the thawing treatment at 37°C compared to 25°C, suggesting careful consideration