Buletin Peternakan
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Requirements of Energy and Protein for Arabic Chicken Hens During Late Egg Production Period
Get PDFThe present study aimed to estimate the metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (CP) requirements of Arabic chicken hens during the late egg production period reared under a semi-scavenging system with free-choice feeding. A total of 112 sixty-two-week-old Arabic chicken hens were used. The treatments were control and the choice diet consisted of 6 replicate pens. Control hens received a control diet (2750 kcal of ME/kg and 14.1% of CP) complying with the Hy-line Brown Commercial Management Guide 2011, whereas the choice hens offered control and three other diets (high energy-high protein [3006 and 17.3], high energy-low protein [3089 and 12.7], and low energy-high protein [2656 and 17.0] kcal of ME/kg and % of CP, respectively). Feed, ME, and CP intake, the concentration of dietary ME and CP, and egg production were recorded weekly. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. The feeding method influenced feed intake, CP concentration, and ME concentration but had no significant effect on CP intake, ME intake, and egg production. Weekly feed intake of choice hens was lower than that of control hens (514.03 vs. 551.18 g /hen/week; P0.05). Feed intake, CP intake, and ME intake decreased significantly at week 66 onward, while egg production decreased at week 65 onward. It can be concluded that Arabic chicken hens in the late egg production period were able to adjust their energy and protein requirements by consuming more from high dietary energy than from a high dietary protein. Based on the choice feeding, ME and CP requirements for Arabic chicken hens during the late egg production period in the semi-scavenging system were 2957 kcal/kg and 151 g/kg and higher than ME and CP contain in the control diet of 2750 kcal/kg and 141 g/kg to maintain egg production. The egg mass and feed conversion ratio were better in the choice hens group
To Determine the Effect of Using a Complete Feed Containing Protected Soybean Groats in the Production of Javanese Thin-Tailed Male Sheep Carcasses
No full textThe present study aims to determine the impact of complete feed containing protected soybean meal on the production of male thin-tailed lamb carcasses. A total of 15 (23.43 ± 1.40 kg) 12 months old male Thin-Tailed Sheep (TTL) were given 3 treatments and 5 replicates in a completely randomized design. The ration consisted of complete feed and formaldehyde-protected soybean groat (PSG). The treatments includes 100% complete feed (F1), 90% complete feed + PSG 10% (F2), and 80% complete feed + PSG 20% (F3). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and differences between treatments were further tested using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that the use of PSG containing complete feed did not improve the characteristics of carcasses (weight and percentage of carcass components, half-cuts and commercial cuts of carcass, fleshing index and meat bone ratio) of male TTLs (P>0.05). However, differences were found in the rib eye muscle area. The use of complete feed containing 20% PSM (F3) resulted the highest rib eye muscle area figure compared to those of F2 and F1 (35.17 vs 27.00 and 26.33; P<0.05). Our study revealed that the use of complete feed containing 20% protected soybean groat resulted in higher rib eye muscle area by 25.14% compared to those containing no protected soybean groat. However, no differences in carcass characteristics were found in view of weight and percentage of carcass components, half cut and commercial carcass, fleshing index and meat bone ration in thin-tailed sheep
Evaluation of Compacted Forage Feed on Kupang Cattle Feeding Behavior
Get PDFForage compact feed has the ability to cut the adaptation period of grazing cattle when transported, because they are used to consume forage. The effect of the form and type of forage formulation on the feeding behavior of cattle needs to be studied further to determine the preferences of cattle for this compact feed. This study used 36 cattle with 3 replications in each treatment. The 2 factor groups withfactorial design consisting formulation and form of feed was applied in this study. The forms of feed used in this study were wafers, pellets, dried pellets, and cubes. The formulations used in this study were formulation 1 (10% molasses, 30% indigofera leaves, 50% straw, 10% elephant grass); formulation 2 (10% molasses, 30% indigofera leaves, 60% straw); formulation 3 (10% molasses, 20% indigofera leaves, 65% straw, 5% hemp). The parameters observed in this study were eating behavior of cattle which consisted of the frequency and duration of eating, drinking, rumination, and resting. The results showed that there wasan interaction on eating frequency and cattle duration. Formulation 3 on wafer treatment had the highest feeding frequency (P<0.05). Formulation 1 on wafer treatment had the highest duration of rumination (P<0.05). In the conclusion, Formulation 1 and 3 with wafer shape showed the best behavior for eating
Effect of Compost Tea and Harvest Age on Productivity, Nutrient Content, and In vitro Digestibility Cichorium Intybus
Get PDFThe glass house experiment involving compost tea and harvest age was conducted to investigate the effect of giving compost tea (cricket and rabbit feces) and harvesting age on productivity, nutrient content, and in vitro digestibility value of Cichorium intybus. Compost tea (CT) is an aqueous extract from compost that can correct nutrient deficiencies during crop production and protect cultivation. The research treatment consisted of two factors, namely: the age of harvest and the dose of compost tea. The administration of compost tea consisted of three kinds of doses as follows: no compost tea (P0), 200 mL of compost tea (P1), and 400 mL of compost tea (P2). The experimental plants were harvested at different age, consisting of 25, 35 and 45 days after planting (DAP). The experimental design was Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 9 replications. The data were statictically analyzed using analisys of variance, and differences among value of each treatment were tested with the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that compost tea dose and harvesting period treatment affected (P0.05) on the leaf width and root length. The results suggest that the fertilization treatment of 200 mL of compost tea and 25 DAP could increase productivity (leaf length and fresh leaf weight) of chicory, nutrient content (crude protein) of chicory, and in vitro digestibility (DMD and OMD)
Reproduction and Growth Performance of Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) Chicken Cross
Get PDFIn Indonesia, one of the sources of regional livestock genetic diversity is the kampung chicken. This study aimed to assess the development and reproductive potential of F1 Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) crosses (KUB roosters with different types of combs crossed to layer chickens). This research was conducted at a private chicken company in Gunungkidul regency using 40 KUB roosters and 320 layer chicks. The KUB roosters were separated into four groups based on their comb types: single, walnut, and double. Each set of ten males was housed in a single cage, with a male-to-female ratio of one to eight (male and female). Observed reproductive variables included egg weight (EW), hatch weight (HW), fertility, hatchability, number of eggs, number of day-old chicks (DOCs), and number of saleable chicks. The body weight (BW) of the offspring at ages ranging from DOC, 4, 8, to 12 weeks of age is one measure of their growth characteristics. The analysis of variance using a one-way design and the DMRT test were performed to describe the difference in growth and reproductive performance across groups. As a result, each comb type revealed a significant difference in EW, HW, fertility, hatchability, egg and chick production, DOC, and saleable chick production (P0.05), while they significantly affect BW for DOC at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.05). The rose comb shows BW at its maximum point. In conclusion, the rose comb has the biggest body weight and the single comb has the best reproductive performance in comparison to other comb types
Gelatinase Microbial Morphology from Leather Defect
Get PDFMicrobes attach in pickle leather, wet blue leather, and upper shoeleather have been identified to have positive profile to produce extracellular protease enzymes with pH values of acidic to basic on 15% gelatin and 2% commercial skimmed milk as substrates. Defective tanned leather was added to a microbial growth solution enriched with 2% gelatin substrate and incubated for 7 days at room temperature on an open rotary shaker at 120 rpm and then stored at room temperature while waiting for gelatinase testing. There were 5 morphological colonies of microbial gelatinase from defective tanned skin, all of which were white
Effect of Age at First Calving on Milk Production and Reproductive Performance of Indonesian Holstein Dairy Cattle
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine the milk production and reproductive performance of dairy cattle in groups of different ages at first calving and to elucidate the effect of age at first calving on milk production and calving interval of Indonesian Holstein dairy cattle. The observation method use in this study. Records of 80 dairy cows which were born in Indonesia and had the age at first calving range of 23-32 months were used as the materials. Cows were divided into two groups based on age at first calving (AFC). Group I was cows with age at first calving of 23-27 months and group II with age at first calving of 28-32 months. The parameters observed were the total milk yield, calving interval, post-partum mating, interval from calving to conception, and service per conception. To compare data between two groups, the t-tests and descriptive analysis were used. The results showed that the total milk yield, calving interval, postpartum mating, interval from calving to conception, and service per conception in the group I did not have a significant difference from the group II. The linear regression analysis showed that the age at first calving had a weak negative effect on the total milk yield, and the age at first calving had a weak positive effect on the calving interval. In conclusion, the difference in the age at first calving did not provide a different performance on milk production and reproduction of dairy cattl
Microsatellite-Based Genetic Diversity Among Three Duck Populations in Sumatera Island
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among three duck populations (Bayang, Pegagan, and Pitalah) reared in Sumatera island, Indonesia, using microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity among populations (n = 90) was determined using 22 microsatellite markers, based on several indices: number of alleles (Na), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), and Wright’s F-statistics ( ). The total number of alleles detected across loci was 121. The Na per locus ranged from 2 (APH24, CAUD128, and CAUD009) to 18 (CAUD048 and CAUD040). The mean Ho (0.429) dan He (0.509) indicated that the level of genetic diversity among populations was moderate, while the mean PIC (0.46) suggested that the tested loci were informative for assessing genetic diversity. The mean F-statistics ( ) were 0.148, 0.198, and 0.060, respectively. The value indicated that the level of genetic differentiation among populations was moderate. The results confirms a moderate genetic diversity among populations, which could be beneficial for designing conservation and utilization of the local ducks in Sumatera island
The Effect of Ensiled Maize Stover Combined with Additives as an Animal Feed
Get PDFThe research purpose was to determine the effect of addition starter Pediococcus pentosaceus with different level in the maize stover silage on the in vitro digestibility, fermentation product, and microbial protein synthesis. The treatments consist of T1 = maize stover silage + molasses 10%, T2 = maize stover silage + molasses 10% + P. pentosaceus (1x105 cfu/g), and T3 = maize stover silage + molasses 10% + P. pentosaceus (1x106 cfu/g), fermented for 0 and 21 days. The research method was an experiment by using Randomized Block Design (RBD), with 3 treatments and 4 blocks. The result showed that addition of starter P. pentosaceus in the maize stover silage gave significant effect (P<0.05) on dry matter (T1 (65.67±1.56%), T2 (65.78±0.60%), and T3 (67.54±1.11%)), and organic matter digestibility (T1 (66.93±0.48%), T2 (68.15±1.34%), T3 (68.68±1.04%)) at 21 days incubation. The result of statistical analysis showed that treatment gave significant effect (P<0.05) on gas production at 96 hours of silage with 0 day incubation, T1 (114.74±0.60 ml/500mg DM), T2 (116.12±1.44 ml/500mg DM), T3 (116.97±1.12 ml/500mg DM) and 21 days incubation, T1 (124.27±0.59 ml/500mg DM), T2 (125.27±1.49 ml/500mg DM), and T3 (126.16±1.26 ml/500mg DM). All treatments not gave significant effect (P˃0.05) on degradability, NH3 and microbial protein synthesis on 0 days incubation. However, did it gave significantly effect (P˂0.05) in 21 days incubation silage, dry matter degradability (T1 (66.16±0.42%), T2 (65.70±0.58%), T3 (66.66±0.21%)), organic matter degradability (T1 (65.67±1.56%), T2 (65.78±0.60%), and T3 (67.54±1.11%)), microbial protein synthesis (T1 (37.72±0.13 g/N/kg OM apparently fermented), T2 (37.84±0.64 g/N/kg OM apparently fermented), T3 (38.82±0.56 g/N/kg OM apparently fermented). It can be concluded that addition of starter P. pentosaceus (1x106 cfu/g) on maize stover silage with 21 days incubation can produce silage with good quality on the in vitro digestibility, fermentation product, and microbial protein synthesis
Association of Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) Gene Polymorphisms with Fatty Acid Traits in Indonesian Native Sheep
Get PDFA member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily enzyme that play a role in microsomal fatty acids oxidation process encoded by cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6). This study aimed to examined the CYP2A6 gene polymorphisms and their association on fatty acid traits in Indonesian native sheep. A total of 299 rams aged 10-12 months with body weights between 20-30 kg used to identify the CYP2A6 gene polymorphism are consisted of 36 samples of barbados cross sheep (BCS), 35 samples of compass agrinak sheep (CAS), 20 samples of javanese fat tailed sheep (JFT), 36 javanese thin tailed sheep (JTT), 20 samples of garut sheep (GS), 45 samples of garut composite sheep (GCS), meanwhile for the fatty acid analysis was carried out by using 107 of loin samples from the total sheep. Identification of the CYP2A6 gene polymorphisms were performed using PCR-RFLP (Polymorphism Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) with the BSmAI restriction enzymes. The amplification product was 286 bp. Polymorphism were found in JFT, JTT, GCS and JS with GG and GT genotypes, while BCS, CAS, and GS were monomorphic with TT genotype. The CYP2A6 BSmAI polymorphism was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium for JFT, JTT and JS, while BCS, CAS, GS, GCS, and combined was deviated based on chi square. A SNP g.49170107 G>T of the CYP2A6 gene polymorphism was significantly associated (P <0.05) with only erucic acid (C22:1n9). The GT genotypes had a higher value than GG genotypes The CYP2A6 gene could be used as a selection marker to improve fatty acid traits in Indonesian native sheep