Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
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Democracy, Human Development, Income Distribution and Regional Economic Performance: A Panel Data Analysis of 34 Provinces in Indonesia
Full text linkMany studies have concluded that the condition of democracy, the level of human development, and income distribution have associations with economic performance as measured by economic growth. However, the results of empirical studies on the relationship between these variables remain inconclusive. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of democracy, human development, and income distribution on economic growth in Indonesia's 34 provinces between 2012 and 2020. This study uses panel data analysis conducted using a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach. The findings reveal that human development (as measured using the Human Development Index) significantly affects gross regional domestic product (GRDP) growth. Meanwhile, democracy (measured through the Democracy Index) and income inequality (measured using the Gini Coefficient) are not statistically affected by GRDP growth. The findings have policy implications for provincial governments in developing policies that encourage strategic investment in human resources. The provincial government can implement policies that enhance the association between human development and economic development. Such policies are essential due to the strong relationship between human development and regional economic growth, necessitating an integrated strategy to enhance human and economic development
Explaining civilian control of militarisation in Indonesia: The case of military law amendment
Full text linkThis study explores the civilian control of militarisation practice in Indonesia, which refers to the discursive politics involving citizenry in the legitimisation mechanism of the use of military force for defence and non-defence objectives. To explore the empirical manifestation of the concept, the study applies the discourse network analysis method, which combines qualitative content analysis and social network analysis to investigate the public debates over the military law amendment. Accordingly, the study collected a dataset of 227 statements from 55 actors in 118 news articles on the military law amendment from May to July 2023. The analysis reveals that, first, the discourse was dominated by actors from non-governmental organisations, think tanks, and academia. Second, the discourse was driven by several main concerns, such as the return of military dual-function doctrine, the current state of military personnel occupying civilian posts, and the urgency of public participation in the deliberation process of the amendment. This article argues that the configuration of the dominant actors and the prominent issues reflect the prevalence of inward-looking defence policy orientation issue in Indonesia
Muslim Ban during Trump’s Presidency through the Target Population Framework
Full text linkOne of the controversies that defined Donald Trump’s presidency was his travel ban policy, which targeted immigrants from many Muslim-majority countries in 2017. While researchers have analyzed the rhetoric, discourse, and indirect speech acts of President Trump and American politicians to fully understand the enforcement of the travel ban, the number of studies investigating how politicians utilize the social construction of immigrants to support or oppose the travel ban is limited. Hence, it is crucial to thoroughly study how political actors socially construct immigrants to justify their policy positions on the travel ban. In this article, we contextualize the travel ban policy within the literature on the social construction of target populations, one of the prominent theories of policy processes. To that end, we examine four types of data sources: legal documents, relevant tweets posted by politicians, think tank publications (op-eds, releases, and commentaries), and news articles published during the travel ban debates. In light of our analysis, we find that not only policymakers but also members of the judicial system, news media sources, and think tanks construct immigrant identities in a way that justifies their policy positions on the travel ban. Our findings underscore the need for a nuanced and well-rounded debate on travel restrictions concerning the reconstruction and reimagination of immigrant identities by various actors. We also contend that future research could greatly benefit from analyzing the social construction of immigrants by different policy actors in a comparative fashion
The Geography of Community Supported Agriculture
Full text linkCommunity Supported Agriculture (CSA) is considered an initiative that supports a more just and sustainable food system by creating a direct and mutual relationship between local farmers and consumers. Through an agreed mechanism, CSA supports farmers’ livelihoods as they have provided healthy food for consumers. This study contributes to the geographic mapping of CSA studies in Scopus-indexed social science journals and related articles. It traces the emergence and development of diverse CSA models, its political economy context, and the pattern of research themes across geographic areas. The findings reveal that the urban middle class in industrial countries can encourage farmers to produce healthy food and apply more sustainable farming systems. The findings also show that key factors of CSA emergence and development are the growing urban middle class with health, just, and environmental awareness; the availability of farmers who are willing to implement a more sustainable farming practice, and the platform or agreement that links them. The CSA practices across geographic areas differ as they are shaped by the political and economic context and the availability of opportunities. The limitation of this study is the lack of literature on CSA from non-western or non-industrialized countries. Therefore, this study suggests further research agenda on the following topics: exploration of CSAs in non-industrial and non-western countries; intangible value of CSA; diverse perspectives on CSA research; multidisciplinary research on CSA, processes and enabling conditions for CSA and CSA people; and potencies of CSA to solve in diverse social and environmental problems
Fiscal Decentralization and Corruption: The Facts of Regional Autonomy Policies in Indonesia
Full text linkDecentralization has posed new problems in Indonesian local governments, including disparities between regions, poor public services, fiscal indiscipline, and corruption cases. Before the implementation of regional autonomy, corruption cases were reported only in a few regions. A year after decentralization started, in 2002, more corruption cases were reported in more regions nationwide. The irony is that such decentralization, initiated to reduce corruption in the government, ended up with more corruption in the regions. This study investigates the relationship between fiscal decentralization—as proxied by capital expenditure and fiscal independence index—and the corruption index. This study also analyzes the macro factors and regional characteristics: inflation, civil servants’ salaries, education levels, and the differences in the corruption index at the regional level. The method used in this study is regression analysis by using panel data from longitudinal studies involving 15 cities in Indonesia in 2008, 2010, 2015, and 2017. The finding shows that the relationship of fiscal decentralization—expenditure, inflation rates, civil servants’ salaries, and local corruption—are not statistically significant to the corruption index. By contrast, the relationship between the fiscal independence index and educational level are statistically significant. The implementation of fiscal decentralization on expenditure increases corruption risks due to ineffective budget management, individual corrupt tendencies, and weak supervision system. Meanwhile, fair allocation of local income can increase public trust and prosperity and lower corruption risks
The Challenge of Decentralization Policy for Television Broadcasting in Indonesia
Full text linkThis study aims to explain the challenges in the decentralization of television broadcasting in Indonesia, specifically, the role of political transformation over the last 20 years. Three provinces, i.e., Bali, South Sulawesi, and Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, were selected to represent various broadcasting operation characteristics in Indonesian provinces. Focusing on private television broadcasting, the case study examines the challenge of broadcasting decentralization policies in Indonesia. Data were collected via structured interviews involving 37 informants with a good understanding of local television broadcasting. The interviews were conducted in March, April, and July 2017. Meanwhile, secondary data in the form of relevant documents were analyzed using a desk study. Data were collected in two stages: May-September 2018 and November 2020-March 2021. These steps follow the current policy development on broadcasting decentralization. The findings indicate that decentralization faces challenges and that the policy has been tainted by media conglomerates’ economic interests and the central government’s recentralization politics. The economic interests were apparent in the fabrication of capital ownership and the centralization of business management and broadcast program production. The recentralization interests were noticeable through the operation license mechanism in the regions. In sum, Indonesia’s decentralization policy faces perpetual challenges from the surge of capitalization and the centralization of governance
An Inclusive Social Health Insurance for People with Disabilities in Three Southeast Asia Countries: A Systematic Review
Full text linkThis article examines how inclusiveness is implemented for People with Disabilities (PWDs) in social health insurance programs in Southeast Asia by focusing on the National Health Insurance (NHI) in Indonesia, the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) in the Philippines, and Social Health Insurance (SHI) in Vietnam. The concept of inclusive social insurance for PWDs is used as an analytical tool to explore inclusivity criteria, such as target specifications, service benefits, multi-stakeholder involvement, service functions, and the program's impact. Drawing on the qualitative systematic review method, which refers to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), PRISMA Protocols 2015, and evidence-based guidelines, this article analyzes 25 selected pieces of literature. The results of the study show that: First, there are no special schemes and mechanisms in those programs that target PWDs directly and specifically. Second, those programs have not been able to meet the specific health needs of PWDs. Third, the implementation of those programs has involved three stakeholder actors: the state, the private sector, and NGOs. Fourth, those programs have not shown a significant impact on improving the health quality of PWDs. Finally, it can be concluded that the three programs are not yet truly inclusive in covering PWDs in social health insurance programs
Responding to Elite Consolidation: the Anti-Cement-Factory Movement Resisting Oligarchy in an Indonesian Local Election
Full text linkThis study demonstrates resistance to oligarchic forces with a case study from Pati Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The movement started with a protest against the expansion of the internationally financed Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Ltd in the Kendeng Mountains. The anti-cement-factory movement lived on and ‘defeated’ the oligarchs in the electoral districts where the movement happened in the 2017 Pati local election. This study uses a qualitative method. Data were collected from in-depth interviews between December 2016 and July 2017 with 16 social movement leaders and three regional leader’s election campaign team members. The findings show that oligarchy as a power relation system can be challenged, putting into question the belief that oligarchy as a power relation system in democracy is unchallenged. This case study in Pati Regency has shown that resistance on the grassroots level, albeit sporadic, was able to challenge the oligarchy
Democracy in the Indonesian Digital Public Sphere: Social Network Analysis of Twitter Users' Responses to the Issue of Nationalism Knowledge Test at the Corruption Eradication Commission (TWK-KPK)
Full text linkThe mobility restriction during the COVID-19 pandemic did not stop the public from expressing their opinions. Since they could not go on demonstrations, they moved democracy to the digital sphere, such as on Twitter. Previous research has shown that Twitter users in Indonesia use the platform to express political views and opinions on governmental issues. The issue of the Nationalism Knowledge Test (TWK) at the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) was a trending topic on Twitter for a while. The issue spurred discussions on Twitter when 75 employees did not pass the KPK-TWK on May 2021. The discussion then stopped for a moment before picking up again during the official dismissal of the employees on 30 September 2021. This article focuses on the social network analysis of the public’s responses to this issue on Twitter. Social network data were collected using Drone Emprit from May to October 2021 and analyzed using Gephi to generate graphical representations of the social networks. The results reveal the structure of the movement was centralized and dynamic. Regarding the dissemination of information, the most central was news media and anti-corruption activists’ accounts. These accounts mobilized the community on Twitter to make a critical social movement. This means that the digital sphere can be an evolution of democracy form and activism, especially in the anti-corruption movement
Journalism and Journalists’ Vulnerability during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Full text linkJournalists are among the workers who continue to engage in journalism activities like news covering despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Journalists facing paradoxical conditions between being productive in news covering and the dangers of virus transmission that can infect at any time. In other hand, journalists need support equipment facilities to avoid virus transmission during news covering process. Moreover, various media companies announce layoffs and salary cuts by asserting business uncertainty. This study aims to describe journalists’ vulnerability within journalism activity and journalist as occupation during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. This study was conducted with a qualitative method by analyzing the primer data from 50 journalist various region and representatives of journalist’s association in Indonesia. Furthermore, we analyze secondary data that provided officially by Alliance of Independent Journalists Indonesia. Authors found that the lack of health insurance, support for preventing the spread of COVID-19, unilateral dismissals by media institutions, and salary cuts place journalists in a difficult position. Aspects of journalism activities that run normally without institutional or structural support legitimize the vulnerabilities experienced by journalists in Indonesia