Jurnal Agrista
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Keakuratan Metode Bioassay dalam Mendeteksi Herbisida Pratumbuh Ametrin dan Diuron dalam Tanah dan Air
No full textAccuracy of Bioassay Technique for Detection of Preemergence Herbicides Ametryn and Diuron in Soil and WaterABSTRACT. The objective of this study is to know the accuracy of the bioassay technique developed to detect ametryn and diuron herbicides in soil and water. Ametryn and diuron are two of several premergence herbicides currently used extensively in Indonesia expecially in plantations crops. The extensive used of the herbicides raised concern about their residue in soil and water and its negative effects. This study is a second step of three steps of experiments aimed to develop a method to detect the amount of herbicides in soil and water using a simple, easy, and economical using bioassay technique. In the previous first step, indicators plant and standard curves for ametryn and diuron were already determined. The objective of this study is to know the accuracy of the bioassay technique to detect ametryn and diuron herbicides in soil and water. Test curve were developed to evaluate accuracy between the amount of herbicide applied compared with the amount calculate of bioassay methods. Test curve is a linier correlation between amount of herbicide applied and the amount detected by bioassay method, stated as Y = a + bX, Y is the amount calculate by bioassay and X is the amount applied. If the amount calculate by bioassay is the same as the amount applied, the test cuve become Y = X, so a must be equal to 0 and b equal to 1 (a=0 and b=1), which means the bioassay method is accurate. Result showed that bioassay could be used to detect ametryn accurately in soil using caisim as indicator-plant, by measuring its shoot length or shoot dry weight. However, this indicator plant could not detect ametryn in water accurately. Bioassay could also be used to detect diuuron accurately both in soil and in water using cucumber as indicator-plant, by measuring its shoot or root length, as well as shoot or root dry weight
Laju Tumbuh Tanaman dan Produksi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varietas Granola pada Pemberian Pupuk Organik Kascing dan Inokulasi Mikoriza Arbuskular
No full textThe Crop Growth Rate and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) of Granola Variety Under Applying Earthworms Castings and Inoculants of Arbuscular MycorrhizaeABSTRACT. This study intends to identify the crop growth rate and yield of potato at the application earthworms castings and inoculants arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM). Using randomized block design with dual factorial. First factor was the application the earthworm castings with four levels of treatment, that are 0, 100, 200, and 300 gram casting per plants-1, respectively. Second was inoculants arbuscular mycorrhizae with four levels too, they are 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 gram per plant-1. Application of earthworm castings was conducted three days before planting, while mycorrhizae was performed at the time of cultivation. Crop growth rate increased with augmented age from 38-68 days after planting (dap) and then declined at 78-88 dap. The highest rate (0,0055 gr cm-2 day-1) occurred at the treatment by 300 g plant-1 and inoculants with AM 7.5 g plant-1 at age of 67 dap. The application of the organic fertilizer (earthworm castings) 300 g per plant-1 and AM inoculants 5 g plant-1give the highest productivity
Effect of Fruit Maturity and Storage Temperature on The Quality and Storage Life of Tomato Slices
No full textPengaruh Kematangan Buah dan Suhu Simpan Terhadap Kualitas dan Daya Simpan Irisan Buah TomatABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh kematangan buah dan suhu simpan terhadap kualitas dan daya simpan irisan buah tomat. Penelitian yang menggunakan tomat cv. Revolution ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pascapanen Hortikultura milik School of Agronomy and Horticulture the University of Queensland, Australia pada tahun 2003. Perlakuan disusun secara faktorial 4 x 3 dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah 4 tingkat kematangan buah yaitu buah semburat-kuning (turning), oranye (pink) merah muda (light-red) dan merah (red) dan faktor kedua adalah 3 suhu simpan berturut-turut suhu 0, 5 dan 100C. Buah tomat diiris dengan slicing machine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pericarp irisan tomat dari buah semburat-kuning lebih keras, pembentukan warna merah lebih lambat, mengandung padatan terlarut lebih rendah, tingkat keasaman lebih tinggi, umur simpan lebih lama (10 hari) dari pada irisan tomat dari buah merah. Irisan tomat yang disimpan pada suhu 00C pericarpnya lebih keras, menghasilkan padatan terlarut lebih tinggi, tingkat keasaman lebih tinggi, pembentukan warna merah lebih lambat daripada irisan tomat yang diisimpan pada suhu 100C. Irisan buah tomat dari buah oranye dan merah muda menunjukkan kualitas terbaik untuk dikonsumsi pasca penyimpanan, sedangkan 00C adalah suhu simpan yang menghasilkan kualitas irisan tomat terbaik dan umur simpan lebih lama (12 hari)
Pengaruh Cekaman Kekeringan Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil dan Kandungan Prolina Daun Cabai
No full textDrought Stress Effect on Growth, Yield and Leaf Proline Accumulation of Hot PepperABSTRACT. The objective of this experiment were to evaluate effects of drought stress at vegetative stage on growth, yield and leaf proline content of hot pepper. Drought stress was conditioned by reduction watering of crop show wilt symptom 70% during the period of 21 54 days after planting (DAP). Result of the experiment indicated that drought stress reduced plant height, branch number, stem, diameter, root length, shoot, root, and biomass dry weight and fruit yield. Sensivity index calculated based on biomass of five hot pepper cultivars showed that Prabu, laris, dan jati laba were the medium tolerance to drought stress. There was no drought tolerance cultivar if the sensivity index was calculated based on fruit yield
Persistensi Herbisida Clomazone dan Pendimethalin pada Tanaman Kedelai Kultivar Argo Mulyo
No full textThe Persistence of Clomazone and Pendimethalin Herbicides in Soybean Cultivar of Argo MulyoABSTRACT. A field research has been conducted in PT. Syngenta RD Station Cikampek, Karawang to investigate the persistence of clomazone and pendimethalin herbicides in soybean cultivar of Argo Mulyo. The dosage of clomazone and pendimethalin herbicides used were: 0.75; 1.50; and 2.25 kg a.i. ha-1. The persistence of clomazone and pendimethalin herbicide varied from 28 to 96 days and 43 to 75 days, respectively. The persistence of clomazone herbicide was longer than the of pendimethalin
Penggunaan Metode Bioassay untuk Mendeteksi Pergerakan Herbisida Pratumbuh Ametrin dan Diuron dalam Tanah
No full textThe Use of Bioassay to Detect the Movement of Ametryne and Diuron Herbicides in the SoilABSTRACT. This study is the third step from a series of studies aim to develop method to detect the present and quantity of herbicides in soil and water through a simple, easy, cheap, but accurate bioassay technique. Bioassay is a method which measure response of living organism to determine the presence or quantity of substances in a sample on medium, such as soil, water, and other materials. In this study, bioassay developed in the earlier studies was used to detect movement of ametryne and diuron herbicides in soil. Study was carried out using soil column method. Treatment were arranged factorially in a completely randomized block design with 3 replicates. Two ultisol soil types: Podsolik Merah Kuning (PMK) and Latosol cokelat (LC), and 2 preemergence herbicides: ametryne and diuron were tested. To calculate the amoung of herbicide using bioassay, each standard curve for ametryne and diuron (relationship between the growth of indicator plant as a respon of the amount of herbicide) were developed. Using these standard curves, the amount of ametryne and diuron was calculated based on the growth rate of indicator plant. Result showed that bioassay method can be utilized to detect herbicide movement in soil. The amount and the rate of herbicides movement was determined by soil and herbicide types. In PMK, ametryne was detect at the all soil dept from 1 through 4 week after application (WAA), however at 8 WAA this herbicides was only detected in 20-40 cm soil depth in limited amount, while at 12 WAA there was no ametryne detected in all soil depth. In LC, ametryne was also detected at all soil depth 1 day after application (DAA) through 1 WAA, while at 2 through 4 WAA ametryne was detected at 0-30 cm soil depth. At 8 and 12 WAA there was no more ametryn detected in all soil depth. The movement of diuron herbicide was more restricted compared to ametryn, both in PMK or LC. In PMK, from DAA 1 through 4 WAA diuron was only detected at 0-20 cm soil depth. At 8 WAA this herbicide was found at 10-20 cm soil depth, while at 12 WAA there was no diuron detected in all soil depth. In LC, most of diuron applied was still present in the upper soil colom (0-10 cm), while at 10-20 cm soil depth this herbicide was present in the limited amount 1 DAA through 1 WAA, diuron was detected only at 0-10 cm soil depth, meanwhile from 4 through 12 WAA there was no diuron detected at all soil depth
Perbandingan Object Oriented Classification dan Maximum Likelihood Classification pada Pemetaan Penutupan Lahan di Kabupaten Gayo Lues
No full textComparison of object Oriented Classification With Maximum Likelihood Classification on Land Cover Maaping in District of Gayo LuesABSTRACT. Image classification method used critically effects the classified image produced as well as its accuracy. One of the recently introduced classification methods is Object-Oriented Classification (OOC). The fundamental difference between this method and that of Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) lies on the basic unit of image analytical prosses, i.e., image object or segment, and not on a single pixed. The new classification method uses a segmentation procedure with a hierarchical approach which allows an addition of an object characteristic to other information related to the classified object, such as from, texture, and context. This object or segment is formed because the smallest region has a larger area than the image pixel. In this study, MLC and OOC classification methods were compered using Landsat ETM+ image for Gayo Lues District of Aceh. The objective of this study was to map out land cover/ landuse classes of the research area and compare the result and its accuracy using the MLC and OOC classification methods. Result of the study showed that a higher, more detailed, hierarchical land cover/ landuse class with a higher accuracy was obtained using OOC classification method which corresponds better to the contextual condition in the field compared to that of the pixel- based classification method
Tingkat Parasitisasi Berbagai Parasitoid Telur Nezara viridula L. pada Tanaman Kedelai
No full textThe Parasitism Level of Various Egg Parasitoids Associated with Nezara viridula L. on Soybean PlantationABSTRACT. It is well known that the presence of various egg parasitoids on the green stink bug, Nezara viridula, can decrease the population of this insect pest on soybean plantation. A research has been conducted to observe the parasitism level of various egg parasitoids associated with N. viridula on different stages of soybean plantation. The plant stages used were 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, and 10-12 weeks after planting (WAP), with 6 experimental plot for each stage, and 5 plants for each experimental unit. Three pairs of N. viridula adult then were relased onto each plant which was covered by the gauze cage earlier. When egg were laid, the cage was taken out leaving 2 eggs rafts per plant. These N. viridula eggs then were exposed to parasitoid for three days, before taking them all to the laboratory. The observations were done on the parasitized eggs. The result showed that different stages of soybean plants significantly affected the parasitism level of various egg parasitoids, with 26 to 46% parasitism level. Up to 71.8% of parasitize egg successfully became adult parasitoids. There were four different Hymenoptera egg parasitoids found associated with N. viridula, namely Telenomus sp. (Scelionidae), Gryon sp. (Scelionidae), Mycroteris sp. (Encyrtidae), and Anastatus sp. (Eupelmidae). Due to its abunden (91.5%) on soybean plantation, and its fair sex ratio, Telenomus sp.is believed to have a great potential for future development as a biological control agent on the green stink bug, N. viridula
Temperature Gradients and Their Effects on The Interaction of an Insect Host Plodia interpunctella and Its Parasitoid Venturia canescens
No full textPengaruh Gradien Suhu Terhadap Interaksi Serangga Inang Plodia interpunctella dan Parasitoid Venturia canescensABSTRAK. Pengaruh suhu merupakan hal yang penting dalam mengamati hasil interaksi serangga inang dengan parasitoid, terutama dalam menentukan tingkat keberhasilan perkembangan parasotoid tersebut. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan suhu terhadap interaksi inang dan parasitoid, telah dilakukan penelitian di laboratorium terhadap parasitoid Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) dan inangnya, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Gradien suhu 28-240C; 28-260C; dan 28-280C digunakan dalam suatu sistem terdiri dari instar V P. interpunctella yang telah diparasit oleh V. canescens. Penggunaan gradient suhu yang berbeda dalam penelitian ini berarti perubahan suhu dari 280C, dimana serangga parasitoid dibiakkan sebelumnya ke suhu yang lebuih rendah, yaitu 24 dan 260C. Serangga inang yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini merupakan biakkan yang telah mapan pada suhu rendah tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa begaian inang yang terparasit berhasil menjadi imago parasitoid V. canescens. Gradien suhu yang berbeda tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah imago parasitoid yang muncul dan tingkat enkapsulasi. Waktu perkembangan yang dibutuhkan parasitoid meningkat secara signifikan dengan menurunnya gradient suhu. Dibutuhkan waktu 26,76 hari dan 22,96 hari bagi parasitoid untuk berkembang pada gradient suhu 28-240C dan 28-260C, dibandingkan hanya 21,20 hari pada suhu konstan 28-280C. Perubahan suhu dari 28 ke 240C, dan dari 28 ke 260C meningkatkan tubuh parasitoid sampai 1,54 dan 1,52 mm, dibandingkan dengan 1,47 mm pada suhu 28-280C. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa parasitoid V. canescens dapat berkembang dengan baik pada gradient suhu yang lebih rendah selama interaksi dengan inang P. interpunctella, mengikuti serangga inang yang terlebih dahulu sudah mapan pada suhu rendah yang sama
Efektivitas Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Naungan pada Pertumbuhan Bibit Jati (Tectona grandis)
No full textEffectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorhiza and Shanding in Growth of Teak SeedlingABSTRACT. Interaction between mycorrhizal inoculan dosage with level of shade was significantly affected of seedling growth of height, total dry weight matter, soot root ratio, P content, and degree of infected root by mycorrhizal. The usage of mycorrizal inoculants dosage at 10 g per seedling which combined with level of shade 75% gave the best for seedling growth of teak for siz moth old. Increasing level of shade 25% to 75% increased seedling growth of teak. Furthermore, seedling of teak that treated mycorrzal inoculants dosage at 100 g per seedling was more significantly affected of seedling growth than 5 g per seedling