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Effect of thin cement-based renders on the structural response of masonry wall panels
No full textURM (Unreinforced Masonry) historic buildings can be generally arranged into three categories: adobe, brick and stone masonry. However, a common feature of URM structures is typically the low mechanical properties of the masonry material, especially in terms of shear strength. URM buildings are not amenable to seismic analysis, and the relatively low strength of stone and brickwork masonry often requires expensive and invasive retrofitting intervention. Hard, intractable stones broke artificially or naturally into random shapes were often used for construction in many parts of Europe and constitute the main material of historic buildings. Thin, cement or lime-based renders are often employed to protect masonry construction, but these are frequently ignored in analysis and design. This paper shows how standard, thin, cement-based renderings can highly enhance the lateral load-capacity and shear stiffness of wall panels. An experimental campaign was carried out on-site to assess the effect of cement-based renders. In detail, compression and shear tests were conducted on twelve full-scale wall panels up to failure, and comparisons are presented to study the effect of cement-based renders on the structural behavior of stone and brickwork masonry panels
Role of the transcription factor EGR1 in neuronal differentiation
No full textBackground: immediate early genes encode transcription factors which combine early signaling events with long-term changes in gene expression. They are involved in many cellular processes, including differentiation and proliferation. The transcription factor EGR1 has been hypothesized to have a role in many biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis during neuronal differentiation. Genes regulated by EGR1 are also involved in neuronal plasticity and in the development of learning and memory. The expression of EGR1 is often altered in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. However, its mechanism of action is not fully understood.
Method: We used SH-SY5Y cell line as a neuronal cell model, since SH-SY5Y cells can be differentiated to a more mature neuron-like phenotype using retinoic acid (RA). We analyzed the expression levels of EGR1 after RA treatment using qPCR and Western Blot analysis. Then, in order to characterize the role of EGR1 in neuronal differentiation we used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to generate a knockout cell (KO) line for EGR1 gene.
Results: EGR1 mRNA and protein levels increase significantly during the first two days of RA treatment, leading to the idea of an early involvement of EGR1 in RA-induced neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, EGR1 KO cells undergo to cell death after RA treatment. Molecular analysis of the EGR1 KO model showed a dysregulation of many differentiation markers, including those related to synaptogenesis.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest a key role of EGR1 in the proper development and differentiation of neurons, in particular, in the relationship between neuronal differentiation and survival
Economia politica internazionale. Potere, sviluppo e tecnologia nell’era globale
No full textIl testo delinea una panoramica dettagliata dell'International political economy, ricostruendo i principali paradigmi e le molteplici questioni studiate dalla disciplina. Avvalendosi di tale apparato concettuale, il volume analizza le conseguenze dispiegate dalla globalizzazione nelle relazioni internazionali e nell'economia mondiale, ponendo contestualmente l'accento sulle dinamiche proprie del mercato e del potere politico. La trattazione dà ampio spazio alla discussione delle cause della ricchezza e della povertà delle nazioni, al ruolo espletato dalla tecnologia e dallo sviluppo come vettori di mutamento degli equilibri di potere, con l'obiettivo di comprendere i molteplici fattori che concorrono a configurare l'assetto geopolitico e geoeconomico del XXI secolo
