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Leyes raciales e intelectuales migrantes
No full textUna delle questioni che da anni coinvolgono i nostri interessi di ricerca, in una più ampia cornice che intende valutare gli apporti scambievoli tra Italia e Argentina nel campo del diritto, tra scienza e prassi, è quello dei tracciati personali, delle vicende che annodano il modo di studiare, di considerare, di vivere il diritto, in esperienze umane. Uno snodo centrale è divenuto così lo studio di biografie di giuristi che hanno vissuto e operato nei due Paesi. Nella tragedia dei totalitarismi degli anni Trenta del Novecento si sviluppa in Europa un interessante fenomeno migratorio, che, com’è noto, coinvolge (tra l’altro) intellettuali di primissimo ordine. Tra i giuristi basti pensare alle peregrinazioni di Hans Kelsen, principe dei costituzionalisti e teorici del diritto di lingua tedesca, alla fine approdato negli USA. Dalla Germania nazista e dall’Italia fascista parte un flusso migratorio verso Paesi liberi che da noi s’intensifica nel 1938, quando il Governo approva la legislazione razziale antiebraica. Si produce così un fenomeno che la storiografia recente (soprattutto in lingua inglese e tedesca) non ha mancato di approfondire: gli intellettuali “sradicati” e “trapiantati” (gli “uprooted jurists” nella tradizione anglosassone). Il trapianto è stato spesso fecondo, perché con il portato della loro cultura diversa sono molto spesso riusciti a produrre frutti importanti nei Paesi che li hanno ospitati
Access and mobility for the conservation and enhancement of a historic town: the case of Vietri sul mare on the Amalfi coast
No full textVietri sul Mare is a small town near the city of Salerno, located on the eastern boundary of UNESCO Amalfi Coast’s site. Its geographic area, closely related to an uncommon beautiful coastline, represents an interesting case-study for the presence of a complex heritage system including landscape, urban fabric and historic-artistic testimonies, together with the remarkable survival of the ceramics industry. In spite of that, the accessibility system of Vietri is poor, for both its steep orography and the failure of public transport strategies: the use of private car can be really daunting determining totally unsustainable conditions as for the traffic and the environment too. As the result of an inter-University and interdisciplinary research work – developed by a team of city planners, conservation researchers and experts on transportation – the paper focuses on a strategic framework concerning the enhancement of the entire historic urban system, the aims of which are: the sustainable accessibility, the requalification of the public spaces and the protection of cultural heritage and landscape. The work is firstly based on a thorough investigation about the area and the urban system, that is supported by an in-depth historical research. Then the work focuses the mobility system, through a preliminary analysis of the mobility demand and the critical issues of the transport system. Starting from the context analysis, a strategic operating framework is defined, aimed to the improvement of internal and external accessibility. New parking areas are particularly planned, as well as systems of sustainable mobility – eco-bus and bike-sharing – and, above all, new lift systems connecting the coast to the historic center, in which some accessible pedestrian paths are organized. Finally the result represents the synthesis of an urban, landscape and mobility project, which points out the multisector and multiscale character of the contemporary project
Reversible Hypokalemia and Bartter-Like Syndrome during Prolonged Systemic Therapy with Colistimethate Sodium in an Adult Patient
No full textWe present the case of a 58-year-old woman who developed hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis 2 weeks after therapy with colistimethate sodium for the treatment of chronic lower limb ulcer infection by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The metabolic changes observed resembled Bartter syndrome, a group of congenital disorders affecting the distal segments of the renal tubules. The metabolic abnormalities reversed spontaneously 6 days after drug discontinuation. Acquired forms of Bartter syndrome have been reported during courses of antibiotic therapy; however, to our knowledge, this is the first documented case associated with colistimethate therapy in an adult
Cytokine production profile in intestinal mucosa of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease
No full textIn the recent years, the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has dramatically increased in young subjects, however, the pathogenesis of paediatric IBD is poorly investigated. In this study we aimed to evaluate the cytokine pattern and the phenotype of cytokine producing cells in the intestinal mucosa of paediatric patients affected by Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and of non-IBD healthy controls (HC). Cytokine (IL-15, TNF-α, INF-γ) production was analyzed at basal condition and after mitogen stimulation either intracellularly by flow cytometry or in intestinal cell culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A higher frequency of enterocytes (EpCam+ cells) was observed in UC patients compared to CD or HC. An expansion of enterocytes producing IL-15 and TNF-α were found in IBD patients compared to HC. A marked expression of IL-15 in the intestinal epithelium of IBD patients was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Myeloid dendritic (CD11c+) cells producing TNF-α and INF-γ were increased in IBD biopsies. Unexpectedly, only after a strong mitogen stimulus, as phytohaemagglutinin, the frequency of CD3+ cells producing IFN-γ was increased in IBD compared to control intestinal mucosa. Interestingly, functional studies performed on organ cultures of intestinal biopsies with neutralizing anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody showed a marked reduction of mononuclear cell activation, proliferation of crypt enterocytes, as well as a reduction of TNF-α release in organ culture supernatants. In conclusion, we found that in the gut mucosa of IBD children both enterocytes and dendritic cells produce proinflammatory cytokines. The over-expression of IL-15 by enterocytes in IBD intestine and the reduced IBD inflammation by IL-15 blockage suggests that this cytokine could be a therapeutic target in IBD
Mechanical thinner of apricot fruitlet
No full textThe aim of this study is to test this new thinner machine on apricots fruitlets, identifying the suitable working speed that best combine the most thinning effect in absence of visible damage of the branches and the remaining fruits.
The machine is composed by a rotor equipped with radial rods on a central axe mounted in a rear tree point linkage of a tractor. Trials were carried out in March-May 2016 in an apricot orchard sited in Cesena (FC). The experimental was designed to compared mechanical thinning at different working speed (1.11 and 0.83 m/s) and hand thinning on green fruits (2 ≤ Ø ≤ 2.5 cm). The thinning effect was evaluated counting fruits remained from 40 branches randomized choice in upper and down part of four plants replicates. After the mechanical thinning, it was performed a manual thinning of finishing, aimed to eliminate the fruits too close together on the branch and, in general, ensure a uniform fruit set on the tree. Time required for thinning was measured in the trees mechanical thinned and compared with those one thinned only Handily (control).
The two different working speeds gave two different thinning intensity: at 0.83 m/s fallen fruits were the 44 % of the total while at 1.11 m/s the 47 %. The thinning effects depends on branches length and at 1.11 m/s in branches of length over 35 cm was recorded the highest fruit reduction (50.3 %) and the lowest (44.4 %) in branches of length of less than 15 cm. Different were the results obtains in the thesis at 0.83 m/s in fact the percentage of fruit reduction was included between the 47.5 % of branch with a length greater than 35 cm and the 41.3 % of branches with a length of less 15 cm.
Mechanical thinning can produce a net economic impact on apricot cultivation and in some cases, can replace the manual thinning and reduce considerable the labor costs
Anatomy, photochemical activity and DNA polymorphism in leaves of dwarf tomato irradiated with X-rays
No full textThe response of higher plants to ionising radiation depends on factors related to both radiation properties and plant
features including the species, cultivar, age, and structural complexity of the target organ. Adult plants of dwarf tomato
were irradiated with different doses of X-rays to investigate the possible variations in leaf morpho-anatomical traits,
photosynthetic efficiency, and genomic DNA. In order to assess if and how responses depend on leaf developmental
stage, we analysed two types of leaves nearly mature leaves (L1) and actively developing leaves (L2), whose lamina
size corresponded to 70 and 25 %, respectively, of the lamina size of fully expanded leaves. Results showed that X-rays
prevented full lamina expansion of L2 leaves at all doses and induced early death in tissues of plants irradiated with
doses higher than 20 Gy. Most anatomical modifications were not clearly dose-dependent and the radiation-induced
increase in phenolic compounds was irrespective of dose. At high doses of X-rays (50 and 100 Gy), photochemical
efficiency decreased significantly in both leaf types, whereas total chlorophyll content was significantly decreased only
in L2 leaves. The random amplification of polymorphic DNA data showed that X-rays induce mutagenic effects in L2
leaves even at low doses, despite the absence of severe phenotypic alterations. The genetic structure found in the
population of samples corroborates the results of anatomical and eco-physiological analyses: the 20 Gy dose seems to
mark the threshold dose above which genetic alterations, structural anomalies, and perturbations in the photosynthetic
apparatus become significant, especially in actively expanding leaves
Stabilization of dynamic microtubules by mDia1 drives Tau-dependent Aβ1-42 synaptotoxicity
No full textOligomeric Amyloid β1-42 (Aβ) plays a crucial synaptotoxic role in Alzheimer's disease, and hyperphosphorylated tau facilitates Aβ toxicity. The link between Aβ and tau, however, remains controversial. In this study, we find that in hippocampal neurons, Aβ acutely induces tubulin posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and stabilizes dynamic microtubules (MTs) by reducing their catastrophe frequency. Silencing or acute inhibition of the formin mDia1 suppresses these activities and corrects the synaptotoxicity and deficits of axonal transport induced by Aβ. We explored the mechanism of rescue and found that stabilization of dynamic MTs promotes tau-dependent loss of dendritic spines and tau hyperphosphorylation. Collectively, these results uncover a novel role for mDia1 in Aβ-mediated synaptotoxicity and demonstrate that inhibition of MT dynamics and accumulation of PTMs are driving factors for the induction of tau-mediated neuronal damage
Ioni senza malakie. Chio, Erodoto e la rivolta ionica
No full textThe article examines the behavior of the island of Chios during the Ionian
revolt, according to the account of Herodotus. Chios adheres recklessly to revolt, but
remains loyal to the end: fights at Lade with 100 ships, undergoing between the Ionians
damage larger. The image of Chios is not according to Ionic stereotype: Chians fight until
the end for freedom, do not yield to the weakness and indiscipline that is typical of the
Ionians. Herodotus collects, probably in Athens, a Chian tradition that emphasizes its
difference with Ionians of Asia
