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Why are we tracking Reception-aged children? Teachers’ and key stakeholders’ perspectives on the reintroduction of national Reception Baseline Assessment
Get PDFThis paper considers the recent development and implementation of statutory Reception Baseline Assessment (RBA) in England introduced by the Department for Education (2021). Internal baseline assessments, undertaken by early years professionals, have traditionally been an integral part of gaining informed knowledge and understanding of individual children in Reception classes. Previous iterations of baseline assessment have included observations and interactions with children in order to begin to construct an overview of their holistic development, their experience, abilities, skills, strengths, and areas for development (TES, 2015). Such types of assessment are used by early years teachers and practitioners to inform learning and teaching during children’s first year of primary school (Brodie, 2013). In 2021, the RBA statutory guidance (DfE) established a formal assessment process for assessing all Reception-aged children within six weeks of starting primary school. This paper provides a review of literature and research and outlines the development and processes involved in the implementation of RBA. A research-based study, investigating teacher and key stakeholder perceptions of RBA is then detailed. The paper reports on the research, which utilised a qualitative survey (Bryman, 2004) to collect data from 70 teachers and stakeholders across 47 local authorities in England. Data was collected and analysed, and the findings detail distinctive differences in purpose and values of RBA in comparison to internal baseline assessment. The paper concludes by recommending that RBA is halted and reconsidered in relation to teachers’ priorities at this crucial time, and the purpose and values of internal baseline assessment be further discussed
The Influence of Full-Time Holistic Support Delivered by a Sports Nutritionist on Within-Day Macronutrient Distribution in New Zealand Provincial Academy Rugby Union Players
Get PDFDietary intake is an important consideration for rugby union (‘rugby’) players to ensure substrate provision for optimal performance and facilitate recovery. Within-day meal distribution is especially important for athletes, particularly those with congested schedules and multiple daily training sessions. In the present study, 10 provincial academy rugby players engaged in a holistic support protocol informed by behaviour-change techniques led by a full-time sports nutritionist. Dietary intake was estimated during a 4-week monitoring and 4-week intervention period using the remote food photography method on one high-volume training day (two training sessions) and two low-volume training days (≤1 training session) per week. Lean body mass did not change significantly in response to the intervention. Significant increases were observed for protein on both low-volume (breakfast, AM snack, evening snack) and high-volume (post-gym, AM snack, evening snack) training days. Carbohydrate intake post-intervention was significantly greater at the pre-gym eating occasion but lower at PM snack and dinner eating occasions on high-volume days. These data suggest that incorporating a holistic support protocol led by a sports nutritionist can influence within-day nutrient intake in rugby players; however, no change to lean body mass was observed, and the influence of these changes in nutrient intake on performance and recovery warrants further investigation
Evaluation Report, Holiday Activities & Food Programme for Northamptonshire Sport, Executive Summary & Key Findings
Get PDFAccording to the Department for Education, there are 1.63 million children eligible for Free School Meals (FSM). Within Northamptonshire there are 184,308 children and young people, aged 0-19 years old, of which 14% are eligible for FSM. As FSM eligibility is a proxy for socioeconomic disadvantage, these statistics highlight that a significant proportion of children in Northamptonshire are from disadvantaged backgrounds. Due to increased costs and reduced income, children and young people from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to experience a gap in learning and have ‘unhealthy holidays’ during the school holiday period. To bridge this ‘gap’, the Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) Programme was created by central Government. This report evaluates the HAF Programme that was delivered in Northamptonshire during the June to August 2021 Summer Holidays. 2,490 children and young people attended the HAF Programme (15.12% of FSM eligible children), from areas across Northamptonshire, with a catchment area of approximately 2,335 km2 and 215 schools
Patients’ Survival with Astrocytoma After Treatment: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trial Studies
Get PDFAbout half of the brain tumours are primary and the rest are metastatic. The impact of each of these treatments alone or together on the prognosis of patients with astrocytoma tumours, especially low-grade astrocytoma, is unclear which may pose many challenges in the decision-making of surgeons and patients. Considering the importance of patient's outcomes with astrocytoma and lack of general statistics, this study aimed to determine the survival of patients with high-grade astrocytoma and low-grade astrocytoma after treatments. This study follows a systematic review and a meta-analysis approach. Following a systematic review and meta-analysis method, articles dated from 1982 to March 2020 were extracted from Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (WoS) international databases. Random effects model was used for analysis, and heterogeneity of studies was investigated considering the index. Data were analysed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2). According to a meta-analysis of studies, the mean overall survival in patients with high-grade astrocytoma was 31.9 ± 2.7 months, for 2-year survival, 38.1% (95% CI: 27.5-50.1%) and for 5-year survival was 28.6% (95% CI: 24.1-33.4%). Mean overall survival in patients with low-grade astrocytoma was 64.8 ± 7.4 months, for 2-year survival was 74.3% (95% CI: 32.6-94.5%) and for 5-year survival was 74.4% (95% CI: 57.9-86%). The highest mean for survival in patients with high-grade astrocytoma and in chemotherapy and radiation therapy treatments was 45.2 ± 5.2 months, and also the highest mean for survival in patients with low-grade astrocytoma in surgical treatment was 71.4 ± 8.8 months. The results of this study show that the average survival in patients with low-grade astrocytoma is high following the treatment, and in high-grade astrocytoma, there will be the highest survival rate, if the surgical treatment is combined with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This study summarizes retrospective studies up to 2020 to evaluate the prognosis and survival of patients with brain astrocytoma tumours, and the results of this meta-analysis can be of interest to surgeons and specialists in this field. [Abstract copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Association of Surgical Oncology 2022.
Evaluating the performance of taxonomic and trait-based biomonitoring approaches for fine sediment in the UK
Get PDFFine sediment is a leading cause for the decline of aquatic biodiversity globally. There is an urgent need for targeted monitoring to identify where management methods are required in order to reduce the delivery of fine sediment to aquatic environments. Existing sediment-specific biomonitoring indices and indices for general ecological health (taxonomic and trait-based) developed for use in the UK were tested in a representative set of lowland rivers in England that consisted of a gradient of fine sediment pressures (deposited and suspended, organic and inorganic). Index performance was modelled against environmental variables collected during sampling and hydrological and antecedent flow variables calculated from daily flow data. Sediment-specific indices were indicative of surface sediment deposits, whereas indices for general ecological health were more closely associated with the organic content of fine sediment. The performance of biotic indices along fine sediment gradients was predominantly dependent on hydrological variability. Functional diversity indices were poorly related to different measures of fine sediment, and further development of traits-based indices and trait databases are recommended. In summary, the results suggest that sediment-specific biomonitoring tools are suitable for evaluating fine sediment stress in UK rivers when index scores are viewed within the context of local hydrology
The rise of the discourse on children’s right of self-determination. The case study of Early Childhood Education and its construction of children as agents in education
Get PDFThis article discusses a study that explored the intellectual and ethical foundations of the discourses on children’s right of self-determination, starting with a critical examination of the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 1989). Whilst the ambiguous position of children and children’s rights in society that underpins the UNCRC is acknowledged, the article argues that a shift towards the positioning of children’s as agents has been developing since the 1990s. For instance, this is demonstrated by the development of Early Childhood Education as a pedagogical discourse based centred on children’s right to play an agentic role in shaping their educational experience. As discussed in the second part of the article Early Childhood Education lends itself as an informative case-study for the development of a discourse on children self-determination towards a mainstream status. Early Childhood Education positions young children as agents who can make choice and can construct valid knowledge. Paraphrasing Freire’s description of critical pedagogy, in the discourse of Early Childhood Education the emphasis on children’s agency constructs a view of education from children, for children, for adults
Two-Stream Retentive Long Short-Term Memory Network for Dense Action Anticipation
Get PDFAnalyzing and understanding human actions in long-range videos has promising applications, such as video surveillance, automatic driving, and efficient human-computer interaction. Most researches focus on short-range videos that predict a single action in an ongoing video or forecast an action several seconds earlier before it occurs. In this work, a novel method is proposed to forecast a series of actions and their durations after observing a partial video. This method extracts features from both frame sequences and label sequences. A retentive memory module is introduced to richly extract features at salient time steps and pivotal channels. Extensive experiments are conducted on the Breakfast data set and 50 Salads data set. Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, the method achieves comparable performance in most cases
Country Profile of Slovenia: Sport Policy System in a Small State
Get PDFThe profile provides an overview of the contemporary sport policy system in the small, and relatively young, state of Slovenia. The paper begins by outlining some of the specific characteristics of Slovenia which provide important contextual understanding. A brief overview of the historical development of sport in Slovenia after gaining independence in 1991 is also included. Next, a detailed description of the contemporary structure of the sport policy system in Slovenia is provided, including relevant organisational and financial structures. The paper then discusses some of the specificities of the Slovene context that have also influenced the contemporary sport policy system including characteristics of scale, culture, and the natural environment. Finally, the paper concludes by highlighting the contextual factors that may be relevant to the future of the sport policy system in Slovenia
How do hospital nurses experience end-of-life care provision? A creative phenomenological approach
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Current evidence suggests hospital nurses end-of-life care is complex due to the conflicting tasks of treatment focused care against palliation which needs further exploration. AIM: To understand hospital nurses’ experiences of end-of-life care. METHOD: Interpretive phenomenology was used to explore 10 hospital nurses’ experiences. FINDINGS: Nurses’ individual experience of death informed their attitudes to death. The dominant attitude was death-as-calm, accompanied by human connection, and death-as-process. To continue providing end-of-life care the nurses successfully protected their authentic-self through three processes; professional-identity; defence-of-self and being-someone-else. The nurses found the unpredictable nature of hospital end-of-life care difficult but used a collaborative power to manage situations. CONCLUSION: This study suggests the hospital nurses effectively managed the tensions between treatment and palliation. To enable this the nurses successfully protect their authentic self and continue providing end-of-life care, but clinical areas need to take appropriate measure to mitigate against the effects of providing end-of-life care. The negotiated power the nurses utilised when providing end-of-life care should be recognised and developed
Understanding Approaches to Evaluation within the Community Sport Social Enterprise
Get PDFThe increasing number of autonomous third-sector organisations that emerged during a period of austerity (2010-2018) presented a compensatory lifeline for community sport prior to the Covid-19 pandemic (Rossi and Jeanes, 2018). However, there are now increasing concerns that many third sector organisations may struggle to recover from the impact of the pandemic (Grix, 2021). The depletion of public resources has continued to create greater competition for funding within community sport. As a result of this changing financial climate, there has been a requirement for flexible, adaptable and autonomous organisational models that must diversify their income as a necessary strategy for survival. This chapter intends to conceptualise and analyse the role of the social enterprise within this narrative and explain how and why specific organisational typologies may have an impact on shaping evidence and approaches to evaluation within sport and leisure in the future. To do this I examine the emergence of the social enterprise through the lens of community sport in England. First, models of social enterprise in community sport in England are introduced and explored. Second, the chapter examines the value each model might place on evaluation based on key characteristics such as governance and funding related to specific models. Finally, the chapter concludes by presenting critical questions regarding the value and purpose of evaluation within the broader socio-political context
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