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Solidarity in the European Union and the resilience of the state as a communicative frame
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Oberflächennahe geophysikalische Verfahren als Quelle: Magnetik, Geoelektrik und Elektromagnetik und ihre Validierung durch Sedimentkerne
No full textIn der Auenforschung eröffnet die geophysikalische Prospektion durch die räumliche Erfassung von Strukturen der fluvialen Architektur neue Möglichkeiten bei der Rekonstruktion von Schicht- und relativen Altersabfolgen von Sedimenten. Mithilfe bildgebender Verfahren wie der Magnetik, Gleichstromelektrik (ERT) sowie auch der elektromagnetischen Induktion (EMI) können beispielsweise die Verteilung von mächtigen Schluff-Ton-Ablagerungen (Auenlehme) und Überreste alter Flussläufe erfasst, oder Strukturabgrenzungen von Bauwerken durch die Erfassung von Unregelmäßigkeiten erkundet werden. Die Analyse von Kernbohrungen im Untersuchungsgebiet dient dabei als Validierung der geophysikalischen Ergebnisse
Augenscheinkarten und ihr Entstehungskontext als ergänzende Quellen zur Auenforschung
No full textAugenscheinkarten stellen eine "kartierte Inaugenscheinnahme" eines fraglichen Gebiets dar. Der Begriff Augenschein hat, wie Anette Baumann am Beispiel zweier Wörterbücher aufzeigt, eine doppelte Bedeutung. Zum einen bezeichnet Augenschein die "Begehung eines strittigen Ortes durch eine Kommission", also den Prozess, zum anderen das Ergebnis dieses Prozesses, nämlich die "Fixierung der Begehung durch Visualisierung". Oft stellen Augenscheinkarten einen eher kleinen Raum dar und sind im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Altkarten nicht oder nur sehr schwer georeferenzierbar, d. h. nicht maßstabsgetreu über moderne Karten und ihre Koordinatensysteme legbar. Der nachfolgende Beitrag möchte versuchen den Wert von Augenscheinkarten als Quelle für Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehungen hervorzuheben, da diese bisher größtenteils nur hinsichtlich ihrer Rolle in Gerichtsprozessen oder in der Territorialpolitik untersucht wurden. Sie bieten viel Potential, da sie oft wasserbauliche und hydrographische Details abbilden, die auf anderen Karten fehlen, wie zu zeigen sein wird
A new Time-of-flight detector for the R³B setup
No full textWe present the design, prototype developments and test results of the new time-of-flight detector (ToFD) which is part of the R³B experimental setup at GSI and FAIR, Darmstadt, Germany. The ToFD detector is able to detect heavy-ion residues of all charges at relativistic energies with a relative energy precision σΔE/ΔE of up to 1% and a time precision of up to 14 ps (sigma). Together with an elaborate particle-tracking system, the full identification of relativistic ions from hydrogen up to uranium in mass and nuclear charge is possible
Crystal structure of dimagnesium (monohydrogenmonophosphate-dihydrogenmonoborate-monophosphate), Mg₂[BP₂O₇(OH)₃]
No full textB₂H₆Mg₄O₂₀P₄, triclinic, P1 (No. 1), a = 6.452(1) Å, b = 6.455(2) Å, c = 8.360(2) Å, α = 82.50(1)°, β = 82.56(2)°, γ= 80.98(2)°, V= 338.8 ų, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.042, Rw(F²) = 0.108, Τ = 293 Κ
Crystal structure of decapotassium hexaarsenidodistannate(IV), K₁₀[Sn₂As₆]
No full textAs₆Ki₀Sn₂, monoclinic, P12₁/n1 (No. 14), a = 15.1959(9) Å, b = 8.2988(7) Å, c = 9.219(1) Å, β = 90.00(1)°, V = 1162.6 ų, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.041, wRreft(F²) = 0.135, Τ = 293
Encoding Imagism? Measuring Literary Imageability, Visuality and Concreteness via Multimodal Word Embeddings
No full textThis paper addresses the challenge of measuring "imageability" in literary texts — a concept from psycholinguistics that describes how words evoke sensory experiences. Imageability is connected to literature's immersive quality, but current methods face limitations due to vague definitions, poor lexical coverage, and difficulty scaling to sentence-level (/literary) analysis. To tackle this, we propose a data-driven approach using a multimodal model, alongside traditional word embeddings, to quantify imageability more effectively. Through three experiments: 1) a word-level analysis, 2) sentence-level comparison, and 3) a case study contrasting imagist and love poems — we test whether embeddings created with a multimodal model capture imageability, and the related features concreteness and visuality. We assess the extent to which multimodal embeddings capture imageability in literary texts, while considering compositionality and the multimodal nature of literary imagery
Governing (In)Security: Socio-technical Interactions in International Relations
No full textInformation technology is used across the globe, permeating different spheres of life. In particular, advances of artificial intelligence (AI) and broad adoption of social media re-negotiate human interactions with the world. In the midst of geopolitical tensions and multiple crises, as indicated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 or the COVID-19 pandemic, technology has become highly important to security governance. For example, the EU has formulated policies on the use of "high risk AI" while political actors use social media for (disinformation) campaigns or war reporting.
Against the backdrop of multiple crises and political actors' reliance on technological solutions, critical security studies (CSS) has been dedicated to deconstructing governmental security politics as stabilizers of the status quo, with insecurities persisting, enacted through technologically mediated practices.
While attention has specifically been paid to the role of expertise in "critical" contexts, my work is interested in how socio-technical expert knowledge plays into the problematization of broader innovation policies. Further, although various practices and forms of labor have been studied, their collaborative character and informal actors' productive self-governance have been investigated less prominently. Connecting to human-computer interaction (HCI) as a community of socio-technical practice, it becomes possible to identify user-centric design characteristics and "agnostic" framing of contexts of use being traded into both spheres of political and technological practice. I focus on socio-technical practices that are enacted in different fields: (1) AI innovation policies, (2) safety-critical scenarios, and (3) misinformation on social media. In these, security is negotiated and on high demand. AI innovation policies are formulated in the context of global competition and address both commercial and military applications. Safety-critical scenarios, in which uncertainty is high, are experienced by both formal and informal non-governmental actors. Misinformation on social media, especially in the context of rising authoritarianism, has been identified a threat and is aimed to be mitigated by technological solutions.
Thus, the first part finds that Chinese, EU and US policies refer to design characteristics in the problematization of AI innovation. AI is presented as an opaque and abstract issue that is realized across multiple contexts of use. Risks and threats are posed by the "black box" character of AI and technology use by "others". Future innovation is seen as a solution, with characteristics ranging from reliability to explainability being used as points of reference.
The second part investigates computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) of both formal and informal collectives in safety-critical scenarios. Self-governance in crises requires cooperative and collaborative work, comprising routines and teamwork. Actors' perceptions of criticality are governed self-referentially, with emphasis put on situation awareness as a goal in formal settings. Successful coping with insecurities points out the productive side of self-governance by informal actors, building on both physically and virtually enacted care practices.
The third part addresses (de)politicization in the context of technological measures aiming at mitigating the spread of misinformation on social media. Reflecting on user studies that resulted in prototyping of a learning-oriented approach, depoliticization is notable considering user-centered design on the grounds of responsibilization and technological solutionism. Yet, this also entails politicization of user interventions regarding their transparency.
Situated in HCI and as an interdisciplinary endeavor, this work allows for a reflexive approach that both integrates and reflects on problem solving approaches that are co-constitutive to security governance
Passive scalar statistics in a turbulent round jet: symmetry theory and direct numerical simulation
No full textWe analyse moment and probability density function (PDF) statistics of a passive scalar Θ at a Prandtl number of Pr=0.71 in a turbulent jet. For this, we conducted a direct numerical simulation at a Reynolds number of Re=3500 and, further, employed Lie symmetries applied to the multi-point moment equations, generalising recent work (Nguyen & Oberlack 2024b under review with Flow Turbul. Combust.) that focused on pure hydrodynamics. It is shown that the symmetry theory also provides highly precise results for free shear flows for all the quantities mentioned and statistical symmetries again play a key role. The scalar statistics are partly similar to the Uz velocity statistics, and in particular, as in the above-mentioned work, a significant generalisation of the classical scalings has been derived so that a variation of the scaling laws solely controlled by the inflow is possible. An exponential behaviour of the scaling prefactors with the moment orders m and n for scalar and velocity is also discovered for any mixed moments. Instantaneous Θ-moments and mixed Uz-Θ-moments exhibit a Gaussian distribution with variation of the scaled radius η=r/(z−z0). Therein, the coefficient in the Gauss exponent is nonlinear with varying moment orders m and n. The scalar PDF statistics are clearly different from the velocity statistics, i.e. already deviate from the Gaussian distribution on the jet axis, as is observed for the Uz statistics, and become clearly skewed and heavy tailed for increasing η