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Autorschaft und Literarische Kommunikation in Fanfiction-Portalen : Harry Potter auf Fanfiktion.de
No full textDer Beitrag nimmt mit Metadatenanalysen die Veränderungen der Harry Potter-Fanfiction im ›Corona-Jahr‹ 2020 in den Blick. Dazu wurden sämtliche Texte, die in diesem Jahr auf Fanfiktion.de neu geschrieben oder fortgesetzt worden sind, als Korpus aufbereitetet. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung steht die Frage, nach welchen Mustern und Kriterien Autorinnen und Autoren Aufmerksamkeit für ihre Texte erhalten. Mit Hilfe von Netzwerkmodellen kann den Ergebnissen deskriptiver Statistik, deren Mittelwerte leicht zu narrativen Unschärfen in der Interpretation führen, eine evidenzbasierte Analyse unterschiedlicher Kommunikationsrollen an die Seite gestellt werden. Topic Models und Sentiment-Analysen der Harry Potter-Romane sowie von Fanfiction und deren Reviews untermauern einen sozialen Trend zum restriktiven Umgang mit Negativität und negativer Kritik
Improving the resilience of socio-technical urban critical infrastructures with digital twins: challenges, concepts, and modeling
No full textThe increasing number of crises, including natural disasters and military conflicts, underscores the importance of resilient critical infrastructures (CIs), especially for urban areas. However, current approaches for CI modeling, monitoring, and resilience assessment are lacking a holistic view of cities as complex, interconnected, and socio-technical systems. This paper explores the application of the Digital Twin (DT) concept as a promising tool to assess and improve the resilience of urban CIs in light of various hazards. DTs are virtual real-time representations of a physical system that can be used to perform real-time analysis, simulate what-if scenarios, and provide decision support, during crises and normal operations. To this end, we identify and discuss key challenges for the development of Urban Digital Twins (UDTs), including data management, technical and social modeling of CIs, integrated CI co-simulations, model validation, and resilience assessment. To address the complex nature of urban areas as systems-of-systems, we present overarching modeling concepts by considering CI interdependencies and socio-technical interactions, resulting in the concept of the Socio-technical Digital Twin (STDT). Beside incorporating agent-based modeling, we discuss the issue of demand synchronization and propose the concepts of model selection and model transfer to facilitate the modeling process for UDTs. Furthermore, a multi-layered modeling framework for interdependent urban CIs is presented, where the proposed concepts are integrated and an overview and discussion of the technical and social modeling of CIs is provided, with a particular focus on the power, water, and transportation domain. Finally, we deal with the quantitative resilience assessment for interconnected CIs and discuss ways of integrating these methodologies in DTs. Our approach frames CIs as socio-technical systems and integrates the human perspective into the modeling process and resilience assessment. The presented modeling framework can be used to simulate various scenarios for analyzing their consequences in advance and measuring resilience in a holistic context. Moreover, the proposed concepts and modeling approaches can support future developments towards UDTs for crisis management
Der Einsatz von Dhoch3-Studienmodul 9: „Diskursive Landeskunde/Kulturstudien Deutsch als Fremdsprache“ an der Université de Lomé am Beispiel einer Blended Learning-Unterrichtseinheit für das Germanistikstudium in Togo
No full textDie Dhoch3-Angebote richten sich an Studiengänge für Deutsch als Fremdsprache und Germanistik an Hochschulen außerhalb des deutschsprachigen Raums. An der Université de Lomé in Togo ist die Deutschabteilung mit einer Spezialisierung im Bereich Germanistik eingerichtet worden. In diesem Sinne wird im vorliegenden Beitrag daher für die Einbindung von Dhoch3-Angeboten für das Germanistikstudium an der Université de Lomé in Togo plädiert. Dabei wird dargestellt, wie eine Unterrichtseinheit anhand des an der Universität Leipzig entwickelten Dhoch3-Studienmoduls 9: „Diskursive Landeskunde/Kulturstudien Deutsch als Fremdsprache“ entwickelt werden kann, mit dem Anliegen ein Modell für die Dozentinnen und Dozenten zur Planung einer Unterrichtseinheit zu entwerfen. Dafür werden methodisch-didaktische Prinzipien berücksichtigt
Simulation of present and future land subsidence in the Rafsanjan plain, Iran, due to groundwater overexploitation using numerical modeling and InSAR data analysis
No full textIn the Rafsanjan plain, Iran, the excessive use of groundwater for pistachio irrigation since the 1960s has led to a severe water level decline as well as land subsidence. In this study, the advantages of InSAR analyses and groundwater flow modeling are combined to improve the understanding of the subsurface processes causing groundwater-related land subsidence in several areas of the region. For this purpose, a calibration scheme for the numerical groundwater model was developed, which simultaneously accounts for hydraulic aquifer parameters and sediment mechanical properties of land subsidence and thus considers the impact of water release from aquifer compaction. Simulation results of past subsidence are calibrated with satellite-based InSAR data and further compared with leveling measurements. Modeling results show that land subsidence in this area occurs predominantly in areas with fine-grained sediments and is therefore only partly dependent on groundwater level decline. During the modeling period from 1960 to 2020, subsidence rates of up to 21 cm year⁻¹ are simulated. Due to the almost solely inelastic compaction of the aquifer, this has already led to an irreversible aquifer storage capacity loss of 8.8 km³. Simulation results of future development scenarios indicate that although further land subsidence cannot be avoided, subsidence rates and the associated aquifer storage capacity loss can be reduced by up to 50 and 36%, respectively, by 2050 through the implementation of improved irrigation management for the pistachio orchards
Automation architecture for harnessing the demand response potential of aqueous parts cleaning machines
No full textTo reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, numerous new renewable power plants are installed and integrated in the power grid. Due to the volatile generation of renewable power plants large storage capacity has to be installed and electrical consumer must adapt to periods with more or less electrical generation. Industry, as one of the largest global consumers of electrical energy, can help by adjusting its electricity consumption to renewable production (demand response). Industrial aqueous parts cleaning machines offer a great potential for demand response as they often have inherent energy storage potential and their process can be adapted for energy-flexible operation. Therefore, this paper presents a method for implementing demand response measures to aqueous parts cleaning machines. We first determine the potential for shifting electrical consumption. Then, we adapt the automation program of the machine so that submodules and process steps with high potential can be energy-flexibly controlled. We apply the method to an aqueous parts cleaning machine in batch process at the ETA Research Factory
Cascaded heat merit order for industrial energy systems to evaluate district heating potential
No full textIndustrial companies are undergoing a transformation to decrease energy costs and reduce emissions. The integration of renewables, sector coupling technologies, and industrial waste heat lead to complex interconnected industrial energy systems. As district heating systems play a decisive role for the integration of industrial waste heat in the building sector, barriers must be analyzed to overcome the gap between waste heat potential and waste heat use. Although data from production systems and their on-site energy supply are becoming available in the ongoing process of digitization, information deficits can be identified as one of the main barriers to couple industrial energy systems with district heating. We present a data-based methodology to evaluate the potential of industrial energy systems for connecting to district heating systems. Data from production systems, energy converters, thermal networks and necessary parameters of district heating systems are merged into a data model to determine a cascaded heat merit order and indicators for the energetic, economic and ecological potential. To set up the cascaded heat merit order, an algorithm for balancing complex industrial energy systems is integrated within the data model. In a case study, we apply the methodology to data of an industrial site. Besides increasing transparency through visualization of the cascaded heat merit order and corresponding indicators, the results show a base load potential of up to 0.8 MW over a year
Geometric Convergence of Gradient Play Algorithms for Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking
No full textWe study distributed algorithms for seeking a Nash equilibrium in a class of convex networked Nash games with strongly monotone mappings. Each player has access to her own smooth local cost function and can communicate to her neighbors in some undirected graph. To deal with fast distributed learning of Nash equilibria under such settings, we introduce a so called augmented game mapping and provide conditions under which this mapping is strongly monotone. We consider a distributed gradient play algorithm for determining a Nash equilibrium (GRANE). The algorithm involves every player performing a gradient step to minimize her own cost function while sharing and retrieving information locally among her neighbors in the network. Using the reformulation of the Nash equilibrium problem based on the strong monotone augmented game mapping, we prove the convergence of this algorithm to a Nash equilibrium with a geometric rate. Further, we introduce the Nesterov type acceleration for the gradient play algorithm. We demonstrate that, similarly to the accelerated algorithms in centralized optimization and variational inequality problems, our accelerated algorithm outperforms GRANE in the convergence rate. Moreover, to relax assumptions required to guarantee the strongly monotone augmented mapping, we analyze the restricted strongly monotone property of this mapping and prove geometric convergence of the distributed gradient play under milder assumption
Artificial cell synthesis using biocatalytic polymerization-induced self-assembly
No full textArtificial cells are biomimetic microstructures that mimic functions of natural cells, can be applied as building blocks for molecular systems engineering, and host synthetic biology pathways. Here we report enzymatically synthesized polymer-based artificial cells with the ability to express proteins. Artificial cells were synthesized using biocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization-induced self-assembly, in which myoglobin synthesizes amphiphilic block co-polymers that self-assemble into structures such as micelles, worm-like micelles, polymersomes and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The GUVs encapsulate cargo during the polymerization, including enzymes, nanoparticles, microparticles, plasmids and cell lysate. The resulting artificial cells act as microreactors for enzymatic reactions and for osteoblast-inspired biomineralization. Moreover, they can express proteins such as a fluorescent protein and actin when fed with amino acids. Actin polymerizes in the vesicles and alters the artificial cells’ internal structure by creating internal compartments. Thus, biocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization-induced self-assembly-derived GUVs can mimic bacteria as they are composed of a microscopic reaction compartment that contains genetic information for protein expression upon induction
Exploring magneto- and multicaloric materials for room and cryogenic temperature applications
No full textA future sustainable society requires energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies to successfully tackle the challenges of climate change, population growth, and a rising standard of living. The significance of cooling for society emphasizes the need to find efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration alternatives. Solid-state caloric cooling represents such an alternative technology. In this thesis, Ni(-Co)-Mn-Ti all-d Heusler alloys, Fe₂AlB₂-type MAB phases, La(Fe,Si)₁₃-type compounds, and the novel Co₄(OH)₆(SO₄)₂[enH₂] organic-inorganic hybrid material are explored for magneto- and multicaloric cooling applications at room and cryogenic temperatures. Concerning room temperature applications, Ni(-Co)-Mn-Ti all-d Heusler alloys are optimized and comprehensively investigated. As a result, very high isothermal entropy changes are achieved in moderate magnetic fields and record-breaking adiabatic temperature changes are reported in high magnetic fields. However, hysteresis is identified as the main obstacle, limiting the caloric performance under cyclic conditions. Fe₂AlB₂-type MAB phases do not exhibit hysteresis and are therefore investigated as low-criticality and low-cost alternatives, showing small to moderate magnetocaloric effects around room temperature. At cryogenic temperatures, a multicaloric cooling approach with isotropic pressure and magnetic field as external stimuli is investigated, using a low-criticality and low-cost La₀.₇Ce₀.₃Fe₁₁.₆Si₁.₄ compound. This approach, though challenging to technically implement, achieved high isothermal entropy changes at natural gas, oxygen, and nitrogen liquefaction temperatures. In combination with adiabatic temperature change measurements of Ni-Co-Mn-Ti all-d Heusler alloys, universal limitations of hysteretic first-order phase transition materials are revealed for hydrogen liquefaction applications, directing the search for suitable candidates to second-order phase transition materials. Following this guideline, the novel compound Co₄(OH)₆(SO₄)₂[enH₂] shows the highest isothermal entropy changes of any rare-earth-free material for magnetocaloric hydrogen liquefaction so far. In general, it is demonstrated that caloric cooling technology, particularly at cryogenic temperatures, has great potential to contribute to carbon-neutrality and energy-efficiency in pursuit of a sustainable future
Respiratory syncytial virus–approved mAb Palivizumab as ligand for anti-idiotype nanobody-based synthetic cytokine receptors
No full textSynthetic cytokine receptors can modulate cellular functions based on an artificial ligand to avoid off-target and/or unspecific effects. However, ligands that can modulate receptor activity so far have not been used clinically because of unknown toxicity and immunity against the ligands. Here, we developed a fully synthetic cytokine/cytokine receptor pair based on the antigen-binding domain of the respiratory syncytial virus–approved mAb Palivizumab as a synthetic cytokine and a set of anti-idiotype nanobodies (AIPVHH) as synthetic receptors. Importantly, Palivizumab is neither cross-reactive with human proteins nor immunogenic. For the synthetic receptors, AIPVHH were fused to the activating interleukin-6 cytokine receptor gp130 and the apoptosis-inducing receptor Fas. We found that the synthetic cytokine receptor AIPVHHgp130 was efficiently activated by dimeric Palivizumab single-chain variable fragments. In summary, we created an in vitro nonimmunogenic full-synthetic cytokine/cytokine receptor pair as a proof of concept for future in vivo therapeutic strategies utilizing nonphysiological targets during immunotherapy