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Power Plays and Balancing Acts: The Paradoxical Effects of Chinese Trade on African Foreign Policy Positions
No full textThere has been substantial focus on China’s influence in Africa in recent years. Some argue that China’s growing economic ties with African states have increased its political influence across the continent. This article examines whether trade with China leads African states to adopt more similar foreign policy preferences to China in the United Nations. We examine foreign policy similarity using voting patterns in the United Nations General Assembly and country statements in the United Nations General Debate. The analysis demonstrates that more trade with China has paradoxical effects on foreign policy positions of African states—it leads them to align more closely with US foreign policy positions in the United Nations, except on human rights votes. Our findings suggest that African states are engaged in balancing behavior with external powers whereby African elites seek to play off rival powers against one another in order to strengthen their own autonomy and maximize trade
Global Policy Journal - Special Issue - Ten Years after the Global Financial Crisis: Lessons Learned, Opportunities Missed
No full textThe Global Financial Crisis was a truly momentous shock to the global economy. By the autumn of 2008, global output, employment and trade were in free fall as financial markets around the world seized‐up in dysfunction and credit ceased to flow. Ten years after the crisis, the papers in this special issue provide important insights into critical policy issues and can help guide efforts to strengthen international economic and financial governance. Success in this regard is critical to ensuring that the global economy remains a common wellspring of economic and social development for people around the globe
Politique économique
No full textClair, rigoureux et complet : la référence indispensable pour comprendre la politique économique.
Les crises ont profondément transformé la politique économique. La tempête fi nancière de 2008, la Grande Récession qui a suivi, les déboires de la zone euro, le niveau très faible de l’inflation, le ralentissement de la croissance, la hausse des dettes publiques et l’augmentation des inégalités ont ébranlé les certitudes passées et appellent de nouvelles réponses.
Des chapitres oubliés de la théorie économique ont été relus et des instruments nouveaux ont été mis en place.
Les questions qui se posent sont plus pressantes que jamais. Dans quelles circonstances la politique budgétaire est-elle efficace pour combattre une récession ? Quelles sont les limites de l’endettement public ? Que peut la politique monétaire lorsque l’inflation est voisine de zéro ? Comment contrôler la finance ? Quelles politiques faut-il mener ensemble, et lesquelles faut-il conduire séparément ? Comment taxer le capital ? Comment stimuler l’emploi ? Comment changer la qualité de la croissance ?
Parce qu’il réunit, dans un seul volume, les principaux enseignements théoriques et l’analyse des débats actuels, Politique économique s’est imposé depuis plus de dix ans comme la référence pour comprendre les politiques économiques d’aujourd’hui. Cette quatrième édition a été entièrement refondue pour prendre en compte les derniers développements et débats sur la politique économique. Elle propose notamment un nouveau chapitre consacré à l’instabilité fi nancière et aux politiques susceptibles d’y répondre.
L’ouvrage s’adresse à un public large : étudiants en licence ou master d’économie, de gestion ou de sciences politiques, candidats aux concours administratifs, praticiens et observateurs de la politique économique, acteurs de la vie économique
Your retirement and my health behavior: Evidence on retirement externalities from a fuzzy regression discontinuity design
No full textThis paper presents evidence on intra-household retirement externalities by assessing the causal effect of spousal retirement on various health behaviors and health status across 19 European countries. We identify partner's and own retirement effects by applying a fuzzy regression discontinuity design using retirement eligibility as exogenous instruments for spousal and own retirement status. We find significant increases in the frequency and intensity of alcohol consumption combined with a significant decrease in moderate physical activities as a response to partner's retirement. In line with the existing literature, we find that own retirement has significant positive effects on engaging in moderate and vigorous physical activities but also leads to a significant increase in the frequency of alcohol intake. Overall, subjective health is negatively affected by spousal retirement and positively by own retirement
Rawls for Realists: An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between National Attachment and Social Justice
Get PDFResearchers have long inquired about the “positive” (or “good”) effects of national attachment on in-group solidarity, and its potential “negative” (or “bad”) effects on outgroup derogation. Put simply, there is a concern that while national attachment may foster solidarity and trust, it could also increase out-group derogation through nationalism or anti-immigrant sentiments. In Chapter 2, I discuss the political theory of John Rawls and introduce a realist critique of his ideal theory of social justice. I argue that national attachment and how it operates in the real world are a potential factual constraint on Rawls’ theory. This theoretical prelude frames the empirical chapters of this dissertation (Chapters 3-5), all of which study the effects of national attachment on social justice preferences. I describe this empirical perspective on national attachment and social justice as “Rawls for Realists.” In Chapter 3, I use observational data to investigate the relationship between national attachment and support of social justice principles. I show that national attachment increases support for redistribution, but only among individuals with lower levels of “Openness to Experience” (a core personality trait). To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study to combine datasets on personality, national attachment, and redistribution. In Chapter 4, I use observational data to investigate the relationship between national pride and anti-immigrant sentiments. I show that, counter to common perceptions, national pride does not increase and may, in fact, even decrease anti-immigrant sentiments among nativists, the social group most opposed to immigration. I explain this by arguing that nativists perceive immigrants as a symbolic threat to their values and norms, and not as an economic threat. As national pride increases group esteem among nativists, it reduce the perception of symbolic threats. In Chapter 5, I analyse original experimental data from a survey experiment to explore the relationship between in-group commitment and out-group derogation. A first video treatment primes only national attachment; a second treatment primes national attachment and perception of threat. I show that only the second treatment increases anti-immigrant sentiments and nationalism, suggesting the centrality of perceived threat for out-group derogation. This perceived threat treatment also increases respondents’ belief in democracy but does not affect preferences for social justice
Ironie des Schicksals. Verwaltungswissenschaft im Zeitalter von Governance
No full textDie sich seit den späten 60er-Jahren etablierende politikwissenschaftliche Verwaltungswissenschaft hat eine wichtige Rolle in der Entwicklung der Governance- Perspektive und -Debatte gespielt, vor allem durch das Entmystifizieren überkommender Vorstellungen hierarchischer Steuerung und in der Durchsetzung eines Verständnisses von politischer Steuerung als tendenziell horizontale Interaktion von institutionellen Akteuren („kooperativer Staat“, „kooperative Verwaltung“). Die zentrale These dieses Beitrages ist, dass die Verwaltungswissenschaft, und insbesondere die policy-orientierte Verwaltungsforschung, im Ergebnis der Durchsetzung der Governance- Perspektive, zu der sie wesentlich beitrug, an Bedeutung verloren hat – sowohl in anwendungsorientierten Debatten im Kontext von Governance, als auch in Bezug auf die Erforschung von Kernthemen der Teildisziplin. Basierend auf Literatur- und Dokumentenanalysen sowie Interviews zeichnet der Beitrag diese Entwicklung als Zusammenspiel von wissenschaftsinternen Konzeptentwicklungen und reformpolitischen Debatten nach und zeigt, dass der analytische Kern der policy-orientierten Verwaltungsforschung geschwächt aus dieser Entwicklung hervorgegangen ist
Federal Challenges and Challenges to Federalism. Insights from the EU and Federal States
No full textThe purpose of this collection is to discuss what we may learn from thinking about the EU in federal terms. Our point of departure is that this represents a two-fold challenge. It is on the one hand a matter of establishing ‘how federal’ the EU is (the EU’s federal challenge). On the other, the EU has federal features but is not a state; thus raises the question of whether federal theory and practice may have to be adapted to take proper account of the EU (the EU’s challenge to federalism). The contributions to this collection supplement and extend existing scholarship through focusing on two important lines of inquiry. The first focuses on the relationship between federalism and democracy, with particular emphasis on how federal systems respond to and deal with citizens’ interests and concerns, within and outside the political system. Particular emphasis is placed on representation, in the process of federalization, and as a feature of established systems. The second line of inquiry places the emphasis on the relationship among the governments of federal systems. The focus is on intergovernmental relations, and the particular merits that emanate from studying these from a federal perspective
In Incentive Theory of Matching
No full textThis paper presents a theory explaining the labor market matching process through microeconomic incentives. There are heterogeneous variations in the characteristics of workers and jobs,and firms face adjustment costs in responding to these variations. Matches and separations are described through firms' job offer and firing decisions and workers' job acceptance and quit decisions. This approach obviates the need for a matching function. On this theoretical basis, we argue that the matching function is vulnerable to the Lucas critique. Our calibrated model for the U.S. economy can account for important empirical regularities that the conventional matching model cannot
The Minimum Wage from a Two-Sided Perspective
No full textThis paper sheds new light on the effects of the minimum wage on employment from a two-sided theoretical perspective, in which firms’ job offer and workers’ job acceptance decisions are disentangled. Minimum wages reduce job offer incentives and increase job acceptance incentives. We show that sufficiently low minimum wages may do no harm to employment, since their job-offer disincentives are countervailed by their job-acceptance incentives
The Rotten Carrot: Reexamining U.S.-Turkish Bargaining Failure over Iraq in 2003
No full textSide-payments are commonly used in international relations to alter the foreign policies of states. Despite their frequent usage, however, our understanding is very limited when it comes to why certain side-payment negotiations succeed while others fail. This article tries to remedy this shortcoming. It argues that social embeddedness between actors involved in the negotiations has a major bearing on bargaining outcomes. Under ideal circumstances, social relationships can be used to reduce information asymmetries and increase trust. Nevertheless, in the presence of fractured social networks, social ties can foster information bias and distrust thus ultimately increasing the likelihood of bargaining failure. This article uses U.S.-Turkish bargaining failure over the Iraq intervention in 2003 to illustrate and test this theory