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Data-Efficient Unsupervised Interpolation Without Any Intermediate Frame for 4D Medical Images
No full text4D medical images, which represent 3D images with temporal information, are crucial in clinical practice for capturing dynamic changes and monitoring long-term dis-ease progression. However, acquiring 4D medical images poses challenges due to factors such as radiation expo-sure and imaging duration, necessitating a balance be-tween achieving high temporal resolution and minimizing adverse effects. Given these circumstances, not only is data acquisition challenging, but increasing the frame rate for each dataset also proves difficult. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a simple yet effective Unsupervised Volumetric Interpolation framework, UVI-Net. This frame-work facilitates temporal interpolation without the need for any intermediate frames, distinguishing it from the major-ity of other existing unsupervised methods. Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate significant improvements across diverse evaluation metrics compared to unsuper-vised and supervised baselines. Remarkably, our approach achieves this superior performance even when trained with a dataset as small as one, highlighting its exceptional ro-bustness and efficiency in scenarios with sparse supervision. This positions UVI-Net as a compelling alternative for 4D medical imaging, particularly in settings where data availability is limited. The code is available at UVI-Net.Y
The Mundanities of the Bodhisattva Path: The Bodhisattva Prātimokṣa and the Bodhisattva Ideal on the Ground in the Middle Period Mahāyāna
No full text본고는 동아시아 불교에서는 흔히 ｢보살계본｣(菩薩戒本)이라는 이름으로 알려진, 보살지 (菩薩地, Bodhisattvabhūmi) ｢계품｣(戒品, Śīlapaṭala) 에 등장하는 약 45조의 보살계에 대한 연구이다. 우선 이들 45조의보살계 혹은 이들에 기초한 각종 번안본이 인도, 서역, 티베트, 중국에서 독립적인 문헌으로 유통된 역사적 사례들을 검토하고, 이들보살계가 이처럼 시대와 지역을 초월하여 별행하게 된 이유 중 하나로 이들이 가지고 있던 독특한 일상성과 현실성을 제시하여 이를분석한다. 본고는 또한 이 점에 착안하여 보살지 의 약 45조 보살계를 당대 대승불교의 제도적·사회적 현실을 반영하는 자료로서활용할 것을 제안하고, 이들 계율에 등장하는 성문승에 대한 기술의 분석을 기초로 중기 대승불교의 보살 수행자들이 부파불교 승단과 맺고 있던 관계를 이해하려 시도한다.N
Electoral Cycles in Fiscal Rules: International Empirical Evidence
No full textUsing panel data from 99 countries over the period of 1985-2020, this study aims to uncover that fiscal rules work in electoral cycles. The results show that fiscal rules are less likely to be implemented in the pre-election year. We also find that this loosening in fiscal rules is especially prominent in cases when the incumbent political party can wield significant political power, where countries are less developed economically and politically, and where the management of fiscal rules is more likely to be exposed to discretionary interventions. Our findings are aligned with the opportunistic political budget cycles, in which politicians exploit fiscal policies and systems to serve their own political incentives. These results suggest that even fiscal rules, which are designed to prevent political pressure, are also subject to political process. (JEL codes: D72, D78, E32, E62, H11, and H60).N
The Stigma of Impurity and the Mechanisms of Otherization: The Responses of Confucian Literati to Hwang Sayeong's Silk Letter
No full text이 논문은 서울대학교 수업의 결과물을 수정하여 투고한 글입니다.This article analyzes the mechanisms of otherization underlying the persecution of Catholics in late Joseon Korea by examining the Confucian literati's responses to Hwang Sayeong's Silk Letter through the lens of the concept of impurity. While previous scholarship has primarily focused on the political dimensions of Catholic persecution, this study demonstrates that the fundamental conflict stemmed from the clash of conflicting cosmological worldviews between Confucianism and Catholicism. Building upon Mary Douglas's theoretical framework on pollution and recent developments regarding cosmological worldviews as a key cause of the purity system, this paper analyzes the official interrogation records of Chuangeupgukan and the private records of Songdam-yurok to identify the mechanisms of otherization. First, Sahakjoein (邪學罪人) were perceived as impure beings not because of specific actions, but rather due to their cosmological worldview that fundamentally rejected the Confucian ordering of realms. Second, Confucian literati, fearing contamination by impurity, refrained from verbalizing the contents of the Silk Letter and severed intimate social relationships. Third, despite the improbability of the treason plan, the literati exaggerated it as an imagined threat. To offer a complementary perspective to the earlier dominant narrative of persecution and martyrdom, this article examines the religious aspirations and rhetoric of Confucian literati who sought to protect their cosmological order and purity system
Smart Device-Assisted Visually Guided Smile Design: A Case Report
No full textSmile design has transitioned from traditional analog methods to modern digital techniques. This case report presents a smile design technique using a digital workflow facilitated by an application on smart devices as a reference. This approach enables real-time chairside modifications, incorporating the patients preferences. Furthermore, it improves communication among the patient, clinician, and dental technician, providing an efficient solution for prosthetic rehabilitation. [J Korean Dent Sci. 2024;17(4):221-7]N
A Case Study on the Establishment of a CQI System: Focused on the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Seoul National University
No full textThis study is to design improvement strategies for Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) based on a needs assessment related to the educational objectives and curriculum revision in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Seoul National University. To establish CQI as an ongoing course revision and self-assessment system, specific guidelines are needed to enable instructors to set lecture design and improvement directions in actual teaching situations. This study aims to enhance the quality of education in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Seoul National University through the development of new CQI standards and reporting formats, following an analysis of the current CQI documentation practices. Through this approach, the study seeks to regularly review educational objectives and curriculum, establishing a feedback system for CQI as a self-assessment mechanism for continuous improvement.N
InstantDrag: Improving Interactivity in Drag-based Image Editing
No full textDrag-based image editing has recently gained popularity for its interactivity and precision. However, despite the ability of text-to-image models to generate samples within a second, drag editing still lags behind due to the challenge of accurately reflecting user interaction while maintaining image content. Some existing approaches rely on computationally intensive per-image optimization or intricate guidance-based methods, requiring additional inputs such as masks for movable regions and text prompts, thereby compromising the interactivity of the editing process. We introduce InstantDrag, an optimization-free pipeline that enhances interactivity and speed, requiring only an image and a drag instruction as input. InstantDrag consists of two carefully designed networks: a drag-conditioned optical flow generator (FlowGen) and an optical flow-conditioned diffusion model (FlowDiffusion). InstantDrag learns motion dynamics for drag-based image editing in real-world video datasets by decomposing the task into motion generation and motion-conditioned image generation. We demonstrate InstantDrags capability to perform fast, photo-realistic edits without masks or text prompts through experiments on facial video datasets and general scenes. These results highlight the efficiency of our approach in handling drag-based image editing, making it a promising solution for interactive, real-time applications.Y
Unveiling the role of transgelin as a prognostic and therapeutic target in kidney fibrosis via a proteomic approach
No full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) progression involves tubulointerstitial fibrosis, a process characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. To identify potential biomarkers for kidney fibrosis, we performed mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling of human kidney tubular epithelial cells and kidney tissue from a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model. Multidisciplinary analysis across kidney fibrosis models revealed 351 differentially expressed proteins associated with kidney fibrosis, and they were enriched in processes related to the extracellular matrix, kidney aging, and mitochondrial functions. Network analysis of the selected proteins revealed five crucial proteins, of which transgelin emerged as a candidate protein that interacts with known fibrosis-related proteins. Concordantly, the gene expression of transgelin in the kidney tissue from the 5/6 nephrectomy model was elevated. Transgelin expression in kidney tissue gradually increased from intermediate to advanced fibrosis stages in 5/6 Nx rats and mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Subsequent validation in kidney tissue and urine samples from patients with CKD confirmed the upregulation of transgelin, particularly under advanced disease stages. Moreover, we investigated whether blocking TAGLN ameliorated kidney fibrosis and reduced reactive oxygen species levels in cellular models. In conclusion, our proteomic approach identified TAGLN as a potential noninvasive biomarker and therapeutic target for CKD-associated kidney fibrosis, suggesting its role in modulating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress responses. Chronic kidney disease is caused by kidney fibrosis, where healthy kidney tissue becomes scar, affecting kidney function. This research aimed to find noninvasive signs of kidney fibrosis by studying proteins in human kidney cells and animal CKD models. They used mass spectrometry, a method to identify and quantify proteins, to find potential signs in the body fluids that could show kidney fibrosis without needing kidney biopsy. The study found that the protein TAGLN increases in kidney tissue and urine in CKD conditions, suggesting it could be a useful sign of kidney fibrosis. Further tests showed that blocking TAGLN could reduce kidney fibrosis, indicating its potential as a target for new treatments. The researchers conclude that TAGLN is a promising sign of kidney fibrosis and could lead to better diagnostic and treatment options for CKD patients.This summary was initially drafted using artificial intelligence, then revised and fact-checked by the author.Y
Why Is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) More Common in Women
No full textBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), a common cause of dizziness, is characterized by the detachment of debris from the otoconial membrane, which results in otoconia fragments floating in the semicircular canals. Women, in particular postmenopausal women, are at higher risk for BPPV occurrence than men. Risk factors, such as estrogen, osteoporosis, and vitamin D deficiency, contribute significantly to BPPV occurrence in women. Otoconia, which consist of core proteins and calcium carbonate crystals, are influenced by the ion balance in the endolymph and calcium metabolism. Estrogen deficiency, in particular in postmenopausal women, is significantly associated with an increased occurrence and recurrence of BPPV. Hormone fluctuations during puberty and pregnancy increase the risk for BPPV occurrence in women. The high prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women increases their susceptibility to BPPV. Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk for BPPV occurrence by affecting the absorption of calcium from the intestine. Estrogen can regulate intestinal calcium absorption and modulate the action of vitamin D. Several studies have demonstrated the increased risk for BPPV occurrence in patients with low vitamin D levels. Pathophysiological factors specific to women should be considered in the prevention and management of BPPV.N
Deep Support Vectors
No full textDeep learning has achieved tremendous success. However, unlike SVMs, which provide direct decision criteria and can be trained with a small dataset, it still has significant weaknesses due to its requirement for massive datasets during training and the black-box characteristics on decision criteria. This paper addresses these issues by identifying support vectors in deep learning models. To this end, we propose the DeepKKT condition, an adaptation of the traditional Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition for deep learning models, and confirm that generated Deep Support Vectors (DSVs) using this condition exhibit properties similar to traditional support vectors. This allows us to apply our method to few-shot dataset distillation problems and alleviate the black-box characteristics of deep learning models. Additionally, we demonstrate that the DeepKKT condition can transform conventional classification models into generative models with high fidelity, particularly as latent generative models using class labels as latent variables. We validate the effectiveness of DSVs using common datasets (ImageNet, CIFAR10 and CIFAR100) on the general architectures (ResNet and ConvNet), proving their practical applicability. (See Fig. 1).N