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A Study on the Factors Influencing Adolescents Financial Attitude
No full text금융 부문이 빠르게 발전하고 변화함에 따라 현재 및 미래를 살아갈 청소년들이 높은 수준의 금융이해력을 갖출 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서, 금융교육 및 금융이해력 관련 연구가 지속적으로 진행되고 있는데, 지금까지의 금융이해력 관련 연구는 주로 인지적 차원과 행동적 차원에 초점이 맞추어져 있었다. 하지만 개인의 합리적인 금융 의사결정, 나아가 성공적인 금융생활을 영위하기 위해서 정의적 영역의 금융태도 역시 강조되어야 한다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 청소년의 금융태도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 호주뉴질랜드은행에서 제시한 금융태도 측정 척도를 번안하여 활용하였고, 문항에 대한 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 성별, 금융업 종사 부모, 가정의 경제적 수준, 학교 금융교육 경험, 금융 관련 대화 빈도, 본인 명의 통장 보유 여부, 금융지식 등이 청소년의 금융태도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 남학생일수록, 금융업 종사 부모가 있을수록 금융태도 점수가 낮으며, 가정의 경제적 수준이 높을수록, 학교 금융교육 경험이 있을수록, 금융 관련 대화를 많이 할수록, 본인 명의 통장을 보유하고 있을수록, 금융지식이 높을수록 금융태도 점수가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 청소년의 금융태도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 밝혀냄으로써 청소년의 금융태도 연구에서 추후 강조되어야 할 부분이 무엇인지에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.N
The Bargaining Theory of War and North Korea: Why the Peninsula is More Stable than the Conventional Wisdom Suggests
No full textIs war becoming more likely on the Korean Peninsula? How might we assess this likelihood? In this article, we apply the bargaining theory of war to the Korean Peninsula, which elicits three key insights. First, both sides of the Peninsula are well aware of each others relative power; thus, the information problem that could increase the possibility of war is minimal. Second, the commitment problem concerning North Koreas denuclearization does not increase the likelihood of war. The commitment problem hypothesizes that war is more likely if there is a rapidly changing balance of power, which does not apply to the current situation on the Peninsula. Finally, there have been no significant changes to the tacit bargaining that has maintained peace on the Peninsula over the years
Bioconversion of cabbage juice: Enhanced S-Methylmethionine via non-thermal treatment and lactic acid bacteria fermentation
No full textBioconversion technology represents a promising strategy for enhancing the functional attributes of natural products, with significant implications for the food industry. This study focused on the application of bioconversion technology to cabbage juice, a cruciferous vegetable renowned for its nutritional value and health-promoting properties. To facilitate effective fermentation, non-thermal treatments, including ultrasound, UV-lamp, and aeration tank, were employed to control microorganisms present in raw cabbage prior to fermentation initiation. The non-thermal treatment protocol entailed a 20-min duration, resulting in the inactivation of 2.5–4.5 log CFU/g of microorganisms in the raw cabbage material. Fermentation by Leuconostoc mesenteroides was followed for 15 h at concentrations of 0.2%. As a result, fermented cabbage juice was observed improvements not only in the S-methylmethionine content but also in the amino acid composition. This work lays the foundation for advancing research in bioconversion and food science, aiming to contribute to the development of functional foods and healthier lifestyles.N
Synergistic effect of naringenin and mild heat for inactivation of E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus in peptone water and cold brew coffee
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the bactericidal effect of naringenin (NG), a plant-derived flavonoid, and its synergistic effect with mild heat (MH) treatment at 50 °C in peptone water (PW) and ready-to-drink cold brew coffee (RDC). Among various NG concentrations (1–20 mM), 10 mM NG resulted in the greatest inactivation for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. In RDC, NG + MH treatment resulted in a 5–8-log reduction in all pathogens after 10 min, except for S. aureus. In contrast, NG or MH treatment alone exhibited only marginal bactericidal effects. From inactivating mechanism analysis, lipid membrane destruction and intracellular enzyme inactivation were the key factors for pathogen inactivation. Cell membrane and enzyme dysfunctions were identified in propidium iodide (PI) uptake test, membrane potential assay, and membrane protein analysis. Furthermore, NG + MH exerted minimal influence on the quality attributes of RDC in pH, color, and total phenolic content. These results indicated that the NG + MH treatment system effectively ensured microbial safety in cold brew coffee while enhancing its nutritional value and preserving quality attributes.N
High-Dose Rifampicin for 3 Months after Culture Conversion for Drug-Susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis
No full textBackground: This study aimed to determine whether a shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen is non-inferior to the standard 6-month tuberculosis regimen.<br /> Methods: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial enrolled participants with respiratory specimen positivity by Xpert MTB/RIF assay or Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture without rifampicin-resistance. Participants were randomized at 1:1 to the investigational or control group. The investigational group received high-dose rifampicin (30 mg/kg/day), isoniazid, and pyrazinamide until culture conversion, followed by high-dose rifampicin and isoniazid for 12 weeks. The control group received the standard 6-month regimen. The primary outcome was the rate of unfavorable outcomes at 18 months post-randomization. The non-inferiority margin was set at <6% difference in unfavorable outcomes rates. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04485156)<br /> Results: Between 4 November 2020 and 3 January 2022, 76 participants were enrolled. Of these, 58 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 10 (31.3%) of 32 in the control group and 10 (38.5%) of 26 in the investigational group. The difference was 7.2% (95% confidence interval, infinity to 31.9%), failing to prove non-inferiority. Serious adverse events and grade 3 or higher adverse events did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: The shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen failed to demonstrate non-inferiority but had an acceptable safety profile.Y
Fabrication Strategies for 2D Halide Perovskite Towards Next-Generation Optoelectronic Applications
No full textHalide perovskites have emerged as promising materials in high-performance optoelectronics due to their exceptional optoelectrical properties, such as long carrier lifetime and tunable bandgap. Despite the promising capabilities of three-dimensional (3D) halide perovskites in applications like solar cells and light-emitting diodes, their operational stability remains a critical challenge. This review focuses on quasi-two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites, which offer enhanced stability through their reduced dimensionality. We discuss the unique properties of these materials, including the ability to modify optical and electronic characteristics by altering the organic cations and the layer number in the perovskite structure. Additionally, we review various fabrication techniques, highlighting the shift from traditional low-temperature solution processes to more advanced solid, liquid, and vapor-phase methods, which address the limitations of conventional fabrication and enhance material quality. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the development of stable and efficient 2D halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices, paving the way for their integration into next-generation optoelectronic applications.Y
Clinically significant hemoptysis and all-cause mortality in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease
No full textBackground: Hemoptysis is one of the major symptoms in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). However, its prevalence, incidence, and impact on long-term prognosis remain uncertain. We evaluated the incidence of clinically significant hemoptysis, and determined its association with mortality in patients with NTM-PD. Methods: Patients enrolled in a prospective observational cohort (NCT01616745) between July 2011 and May 2023 were analyzed. We evaluated risk factors for clinically significant hemoptysis—defined as hemoptysis events requiring interventions such as bronchial artery embolization or surgical resection—and its association with all-cause mortality. Results: Among 506 patients from the ongoing cohort, 43 patients (8.5 %) experienced clinically significant hemoptysis during a median follow-up of 5.1 years. The overall incidence of clinically significant hemoptysis was 2.1 (95 % confidence interval [CI]; 1.5–2.9) cases per 100 person-years. Identified risk factors included a history of tuberculosis (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.91; 95 % CI, 1.02–3.60), higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (IRR, 1.20 for 1 mg/dl increase; 95 % CI, 1.01–1.43), and lower % predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) (IRR, 0.81 for 10 % increase; 95 % CI, 0.66–0.98). Clinically significant hemoptysis was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.39; 95 % CI, 1.31–4.36). Conclusion: In patients with NTM-PD, those with history of tuberculosis, higher CRP levels, and lower % predicted FVC were at a higher risk of subsequent clinically significant hemoptysis. Importantly, clinically significant hemoptysis was associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01616745.N
Deep Network Regularization for Phase-Based Magnetic Resonance Electrical Properties Tomography With Stein's Unbiased Risk Estimator
No full textMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can estimate tissue conductivity values using phase-based magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MR-EPT). However, this method is prone to noise amplification due to the Laplacian operator's sensitivity. To address this issue, we propose a novel unsupervised preprocessing denoiser for MRI transceive phase images. Our approach draws inspiration from the deep image prior (DIP) technique, utilizing the random initialization of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to enforce implicit regularization. Additionally, we incorporate Stein.s unbiased risk estimator (SURE) to optimize the network, which serves as an unbiased estimator of mean square error, thereby eliminating the need for labeled data. This modification mitigates the overfitting commonly associated with the DIP approach, enabling a fully unsupervised framework. Furthermore, we process real and imaginary images instead of phase images, aligning more closely with the theoretical basis of the risk estimator. Our generative model does not require pre-training or extensive training datasets, maintaining adaptability across different resolutions and signal-to-noise ratio levels. In our evaluations, the proposed method significantly reduced residual noise in phase maps, improving both quantitative and qualitative outcomes in phantom and simulated brain data. It also outperformed existing denoising techniques by reducing noise amplification and boundary errors. Applied to data from healthy volunteers and patients, our method yielded conductivity maps with reduced errors and values consistent with established literature. To our knowledge, this is the first blind, fully unsupervised approach capable of implementing a 2D phase-based MR-EPT reconstruction algorithm.N
Linguistic Characteristics of Population Control in Conspiracy vs. Mainstream Texts: A Corpus-Based Comparative Study
No full textThis paper investigates the linguistic framing of population control in conspiracy and mainstream texts using the LOCO corpus, a comprehensive dataset of conspiracy and mainstream narratives. By employing AntConc for collocation and concordance analysis, the research explores the linguistic framing of population control in conspiracy and mainstream texts, highlighting key differences in tone, structure, and rhetorical strategies. Conspiracy texts employ emotionally charged language and a polarized us vs. them dynamic to amplify fear and distrust, while mainstream texts use neutral, policy-oriented language to promote trust and collaboration. Structural and collocational patterns further reflect these contrasts, with conspiracy texts emphasizing division and skepticism and mainstream texts focusing on public welfare and pragmatic solutions. The findings underscore the power of language in shaping perceptions and the importance of addressing misinformation to foster informed discourse. (Seoul National University