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Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury: comparisons of the psychological correlates and suicidal presentations across diagnostic subgroups
Get PDFBackground
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) combined with suicide ideation increases the risk of suicidal behaviors. Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are comorbidities of NSSI compounding this relationship. The present study compared diagnostic subgroups of NSSI based on current depression and PTSD on psychological correlates (i.e., vulnerabilities and impairment) and suicidal presentations (i.e., suicidal cognitions and behaviors) in a psychiatric sample of adolescents.
Methods
Eighty-seven adolescents meeting DSM-5 criteria for NSSI and 104 age-range-matched nonclinical controls (NC) participated. Participants completed self-report measures on psychological vulnerabilities and impairment (e.g., emotion regulation difficulties, negative cognitions). Adolescents with NSSI also completed clinical interviews on psychiatric diagnoses and a recent self-injurious behavior (SIB). Scores on the psychological correlates of NSSI were compared between adolescents with NSSI and NC, and across three diagnostic subgroups of NSSI (A: NSSI+/depression-/PTSD-, n = 14; B: NSSI+/depression+/PTSD-, n = 57; C: NSSI+/depression+/PTSD+, n = 14). Differences between NSSI diagnostic subgroups were tested on the motives for SIB and accompanying suicidal presentations (e.g., desire, intent, motive, lethality).
Results
Common comorbidities of NSSI included depression, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and PTSD. The NSSI subgroup classification was significantly associated with panic disorder, which was controlled for in the subsequent group comparisons. Overall, adolescents who engage in NSSI with vs. without depression reported more psychological vulnerabilities and impairment and a greater degree of suicidal thoughts/desire in SIB (i.e., groups B, C >A), which remained significant after controlling for panic disorder. An increased odds of the suicidal motive for SIB was found in adolescents with all three conditions (i.e., group C: NSSI+/depression+/PTSD+) compared to those with NSSI but neither depression nor PTSD (i.e., group A: NSSI+/depression-/PTSD-); however, this was not significant after controlling for panic disorder.
Conclusions
Psychological underpinnings of adolescent NSSI in clinical contexts may be largely associated with concurrent depression. Suicidal motives in adolescents who engage in NSSI in the presence of depression and PTSD may be confounded by the co-occurrence of panic disorder. This study warrants the importance of attending to the comorbid depression with NSSI in adolescents as it is related to an increase in suicidal desire accompanying SIB.This study was supported by the Mental Health R&D Project (grant number HL19C0035), funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, South Korea
Exosome proteomes reveal glycolysis-related enzyme enrichment in primary canine mammary gland tumor compared to metastases
No full textObjective
Numerous evidence has highlighted the differences between primary tumors and metastases. Nonetheless, the differences in exosomal proteins derived from primary tumor and metastases remain elusive. Here, we aimed to identify differentially expressed exosomal proteins from primary canine mammary gland tumor and metastases to understand how they shape their own tumor microenvironment.
Methods
We clearly distinguished primary canine mammary gland tumors (CHMp) from metastases (CHMm) and profiled the proteins within their secreted exosomes using LC–MS/MS. Moreover, the abundance of glycolysis enzymes (GPI, LDHA) in CHMp exosome was verified with Western blotting, To broaden the scope, we extended to human colorectal cancer-derived exosomes (SW480 vs. SW620) for comparison.
Results
We identified significant differences in 87 and 65 proteins derived from CHMp and CHMm, respectively. Notably, glycolysis enzymes (GPI, LDHA, LDHB, TPI1, and ALDOA) showed specific enrichment in exosomes from the primary tumor.
Conclusion
We observed significant differences in the cellular proteome between primary tumors and metastases, and intriguingly, we identified a parallel heterogeneity the protein composition of exosomes. Specifically, we reported that glycolysis enzymes were significantly enriched in CHMp exosomes compared to CHMm exosomes. We further demonstrated that this quantitative difference in glycolysis enzymes persisted across primary and metastases, extending to human colorectal cancer-derived exosomes (SW480 vs. SW620). Our findings of the specific enrichment of glycolysis enzymes in primary tumor-derived exosomes contribute to a better understanding of tumor microenvironment modulation and heterogeneity between primary tumors and metastases.This research was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) SRC program: Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center (CDRC) (2021R1A5A1033157) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (2014M3A9D5A01073598)
Patterns of co-evolution: analyzing fashion brand and sewing contractor company dynamics
No full textThe purpose of this study is to identify the entry conditions that could form a co-evolutionary relationship between a sewing contractor company and a fashion brand, and reveal the outcome of such a relationship. In the Republic of Korea, many fashion brands and sewing companies coexist, and the situation in the fashion industry changes with the rapid development of the country, so it is a suitable environment for investigating their co-evolution strategies. A qualitative research methodology was used to examine the co-evolution process of the fashion brand and the sewing industry. In addition, an objective evaluation was conducted by using interviews with sewing contractor companies and fashion brands that have business relationships with the sewing contractor companies. The results indicated that sewing contractor companies evolve into either mass production or small production systems. In the co-evolutionary process, relational resources and business-to-business transaction suitability are the main entry conditions for sewing contractor companies to coevolve with fashion brands. Knowledge exchange, experience optimization, off-season ordering, and investment in trading companies were observed among sewing contractor companies that formed a co-evolutionary relationship with their fashion brand partners. This study identified and conceptualized factors that played a major role in the process of co-evolution and proved suitable for each production system of sewing contractor companies
Tailoring Classical Conditioning Behavior in TiO2 Nanowires: ZnO QDs-Based Optoelectronic Memristors for Neuromorphic Hardware
No full textAbstract
Neuromorphic hardware equipped with associative learning capabilities presents fascinating applications in the next generation of artificial intelligence. However, research into synaptic devices exhibiting complex associative learning behaviors is still nascent. Here, an optoelectronic memristor based on Ag/TiO2 Nanowires: ZnO Quantum dots/FTO was proposed and constructed to emulate the biological associative learning behaviors. Effective implementation of synaptic behaviors, including long and short-term plasticity, and learning-forgetting-relearning behaviors, were achieved in the device through the application of light and electrical stimuli. Leveraging the optoelectronic co-modulated characteristics, a simulation of neuromorphic computing was conducted, resulting in a handwriting digit recognition accuracy of 88.9%. Furthermore, a 3 × 7 memristor array was constructed, confirming its application in artificial visual memory. Most importantly, complex biological associative learning behaviors were emulated by mapping the light and electrical stimuli into conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, respectively. After training through associative pairs, reflexes could be triggered solely using light stimuli. Comprehensively, under specific optoelectronic signal applications, the four features of classical conditioning, namely acquisition, extinction, recovery, and generalization, were elegantly emulated. This work provides an optoelectronic memristor with associative behavior capabilities, offering a pathway for advancing brain-machine interfaces, autonomous robots, and machine self-learning in the future
Abuse of Dominance in Digital Markets: The Korea Fair Trade Commissions Google Play Store Decision
No full textThis paper introduces the decision rendered by the Korea Fair Trade Commission regarding the Google Play Store Case in April
2023. Google Play Store dominates the market for Android-based app stores both domestically and globally. Upon the launch of
One Store, an integrated app store of three mobile carriers and Koreas leading search engine Naver, Google devised a strategy
aimed at securing exclusive release of games. The Commission determined that Googles action that limits multi-homing constitutes
anticompetitive behavior, resulting in the exclusion of One Store from the competitive landscape
마코 공주의 결혼에 관한 일본의 미디어 보도를 중심으로
No full text이 글에서는 일본의 마코 공주 결혼 스캔들을 미디어가 다룬 방식과 이에 대한 반응 및 대응을 분석하고, 이로부터 포착되는 황실과 미디어가 맺어 온 관계의 연속성과 변화 가능성을 고찰했다. 구체적으로는 다음의 세 가지를 살펴보았다. 첫째로 미디어가 일본 황실이 안고 있는 과제를 반영하여 이 결혼을 문제화한 방식, 둘째로 미디어에서 과열된 고무로 배싱이 전개된 원인과 미디어가 내세우는 이른바 국민 여론이라는 것의 양상, 셋째로 이번 스캔들에서 미디어 보도에 대한 황실의 태도와 그것이 레이와 이후 황실이 미디어 및 사회와 관계하는 방식에 시사하는 바이다. 주된 분석 대상은 일본에서 황실 스캔들 보도와 관련하여 독보적인 위치를 점하는 주간지를 중심으로 한 잡지와 신문 기사다. 또한 황실이 이번 결혼 스캔들 보도에 취한 태도와 미디어 보도에서 지속적으로 언급되는 국민 여론의 실제를 살펴보기 위해서는, 나루히토 천황의 생일 기자 회견, 마코 공주의 결혼 기자 회견, 유튜브에 게시된 결혼 기자 회견 영상의 댓글, 여론 조사, 그리고 주간지 보도에 대한 SNS상의 게시글 등을
분석했다.주간지 미디어는 두 사람의 약혼 내정 이전부터 고무로를 결혼을 통해 황실로 편입될 가능성이 있는 존재로 설정하고, 마코 공주에게 지급될 일시금, 즉 세금이 고무로 모자를 위해 쓰일 것이라는 암시를 줌으로써, 고무로에 대해 과도한 배싱이 가해지도록 만들었다. 또 미디어는 스스로 국민의 알권리 충족과 황실을 위한 문제 제기라는 정당성을 부여하면서, 이 결혼 스캔들이 주는 이익을 좇아 폭주했다. 그러나 이들이 방패로 삼은 통일된 국민의 여론이란 존재하지 않는다는 사실을 여론 조사나 온라인상의 게시물로 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로, 이번 스캔들에서 일본 황실은 이례적으로 미디어 보도에 대해 일관된 비판의 목소리를 표출했으나, 이것이 미디어와 황실이 새로운 관계로 나아
가는 확실한 기반으로 작용하기에는 역부족이었던 것으로 보인다이 논문은 2019년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2019
S1A6A3A02102886)
'불편한 공존'의 균열과 '두 가지 국제화'의 행방
No full text2023년은 관동대지진 학살사건이 일어난 지 100주년이 되는 해였다. 그러나 일본에서는 여전히 부흥과 방재의 스토리에 밀려 은폐의 역사가 답습되고 있다. 반면 한국에서는 학살이 절대적 관심사로 회자된다. 이 이야기하는/하지 않는 사이의 간격은 갈수록 벌어지는 추세다. 학살연구가 시작된 지도 벌써 60년이 지났고 그동안 일본에서 축적된 성과들이 한국 학계에도 소개되어 새로운 주제들의 발굴로 이어지고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 전망이 호전되지 않는 이유는 다양해진 연구 주제들만큼 학살문제를 바라로는 관점이 새로워지지 못하고 있기 때문이다. 이러한 문제의식에서 본고에서는 학살문제의 인식론을 문제 삼기로 했다. 특히 주제의 다양화로 다소 혼잡해진 학살연구의 현주소를 밝히기 위해 그동안의 주요 쟁점(유언의 발생 근원, 피살자의 성격)을 역사적 맥락에 주의하여 살펴보았다. 이러한 본고의 시도는 연구사를 논쟁사적 관점에서 재정리하는 의의를 가질 뿐만 아니라 사상사적 접근이 현실의 문제에 가질 수 있는 가능성을 제시할 것이다
Improving retrieval of leaf chlorophyll content from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-7/8 imagery by correcting for canopy structural effects
No full textAccurately estimating leaf chlorophyll content (Chl) at large spatial scales is crucial for monitoring agricultural production and plant photosynthesis. Sentinel-2 and Landsat-7/8 offer the potential to assess Chl with high spatial resolutions using various physically-based, empirical, and hybrid methods, but they still present challenges due to the confounding effects of canopy structure and soil background. The near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRV) has been proposed to characterize canopy structural and soil background effects in sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel strategy that incorporates NIRV to minimize canopy structural and soil background effects on Chl retrieval, using bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-7/8 imagery. We compared Chl estimation using empirical random forest (RF), the physically-based PROSAIL-5B inversion, and a hybrid method using RF to train simulated datasets from PROSAIL-5B. We validated Chl retrieval performance with measured datasets from the National Ecological Observatory Network, covering seven vegetation types. We also compared spatiotemporal Chl variations from Sentinel-2, Landsat-7/8, and MODIS. The results showed that NIRV effectively characterized the canopy structural effect on Chl estimation, associated with leaf area index, average leaf angle, and canopy fraction of senescent leaves. Compared to BRF, correcting BRF by NIRV improved Chl retrieval with RMSE values reduced by 12.2%–27.0% for Sentinel-2, 7.4%–16.4% for Landsat-7, and 6.9%–13.7% for Landsat-8, respectively. This also resulted in a significant increase in R2 values for Sentinel-2 (0.13–0.46), Landsat-7 (0.08–0.19), and Landsat-8 (0.12–0.2), respectively. Sentinel-2 outperformed Landsat-7/8 in Chl estimation, due to the contribution of red edge bands and a higher spatial resolution. Furthermore, the hybrid method performed best for Chl estimation from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-7/8 with relative RMSE values of 17.33%, 20.22%, and 19.23%, respectively. Our hybrid method demonstrated lower model uncertainty with smaller variations of RMSE values across varying biochemical and structural traits and solar and viewing angles, and exhibited more consistent spatiotemporal variations of Chl from Sentinel-2 with phenology compared to Landsat-7/8 and the published MODIS Chl data. Our hybrid method demonstrates significant potential in mitigating canopy structural effects, enhancing Chl retrieval, and facilitating the development of Chl data from various satellite imagery sources.N
Cone cell dysfunction attenuates retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model
No full textAberrant neovascularization is the most common feature in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which leads to the retinal detachment and visual defects in neonates with a low gestational age eventually. Understanding the regulation of inappropriate angiogenic signaling benefits individuals at-risk. Recently, neural activity originating from the specific neural activity has been considered to contribute to retinal angiogenesis. Here, we explored the impact of cone cell dysfunction on oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), a mouse model commonly employed to understand retinal diseases associated with abnormal blood vessel growth, using the Gnat2cpfl3 (cone photoreceptor function loss-3) strain of mice (regardless of the sex), which is known for its inherent cone cell dysfunction. We found that the retinal avascular area, hypoxic area, and neovascular area were significantly attenuated in Gnat2cpfl3 OIR mice compared to those in C57BL/6 OIR mice. Moreover, the HIF-1 alpha/VEGF axis was also reduced in Gnat2cpfl3 OIR mice. Collectively, our results indicated that cone cell dysfunction, as observed in Gnat2cpfl3 OIR mice, leads to attenuated retinal neovascularization. This finding suggests that retinal neural activity may precede and potentially influence the onset of pathological neovascularization. Retinal neovascularization is attenuated in the Gnat2cpfl3 OIR mice compared with the C57BL/6 OIR mice, along with the reduction of the Hif-1 alpha/VEGF axis. These findings indicate that retinal neural activity precedes the onset of pathological neovascularization.imageN