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KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN JENIS LIANA (TUMBUHAN MEMANJAT) PADA HUTAN ALAM DI HUTAN PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Get PDFLiana is group of climbing species which is typical and characterize the tropical rain forest. This species have important value both ecologically and economically. However, data on this group on species in South Sulawesi, in particular in the Hasanuddin University Experimental Forest is not yet available.This study aimed to determine the diversity and abudance liana species present in the natural forest area of Hasanuddin University Experimental Forest. 15 plots was set in the order to observe the diversity and abudance of liana species. The data were analysed and presented interm of important value index, diversity index, abudance index, and evenness index. The results showed that there were various species of liana in which there were found 81 species, consist of 764 individuals. The most common species was Smilax sp, wich mostly claimb on Toona sureni, Buchanania arboreschense and Flacortia rucam as a host.
Key words: diversity, abudance, liana, natural forest, Hasanuddin University Experimental Fores
PERBAIKAN KARAKTERISTIK KAYU KELAPA HIBRIDA MELALUI METODE PEMANASAN DAN PEMADATAN
Get PDFFor optimum utilization of coconut wood, there are necessity to improve the quality of the wood caused by higroscopicity, low dimensional stability, and extreme variability of dimension in lateral direction. The purpose of the research were to analyze the characteristics of coconut wood that had been treated by heating and densification. The treatment consist of one or two hours heating, one hour heating combined to 10 or 20% densification, two hours heating combined to 10 or 20% densification. Temperature that applied for all specimen were 180 oC. The research results are as follows: (1) Heating treatment combined to densification effective to reduce higroscopicity of coconut wood, (2) Heating treatment for two hours are suffice as pretreatment to densify the soft part of coconut wood for 20%, (3) Dimensional stability of coconut wood may improve using heating combined to densification treatments that indicated by decreasing rate of dimensional change, (4) Heating and densification treatment effective to improve the hardness of soft part coconut wood.
Keywords : coconut wood, heating treatment, densification
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PENENTUAN MUTU CUKA NIRA AREN (Arenga pinnata) BERDASARKAN SNI 01-4371-1996
Get PDFThis study was aimed to determine quality of sugar palm vinegar (Arenga pinnata) based on SNI 01-4371-1996. The result was expected to provide material information about the quality of sugar palm vinegar based on SNI 01-4371-1996 and as a reference for further research. Nira of sugar palm as sample used in this research were obtained from Kappang Village, District Cenrana, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The process of making vinegar through by fermentation of the nira which has been obtained from the field. Vinegar is produced and then tested their quality based on SNI 01-4371-1996. The results showed that the variables that meet the SNI 01-4371-1996 on vinegar fermentation are the liquid form and flavour, acetic acid content, residue of alcohol, Pb and Cu metal contamination and arsenic contamination. Variables that not meet the SNI 01-4371-1996 are NaCl, the amount of dissolved solids, test of total sugar, contaminant of metals zinc (Zn) and microbial contamination.
Key words: Sugar palm vinegar, Arenga pinnata, nira, SNI 01-4371-199
POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN PINUS (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) SEBAGAI BIOHERBISIDA PENGHAMBAT PERKECAMBAHAN Echinochloa colonum L. DAN Amaranthus viridis.
Get PDFThe allelopathic substances are organic agents which are produced and released by a plant that cause alteration on the neighboring plants. The characteristics of allelochemicals usually inhibit germination of other species and sometime will reduce growth of the other species which associate with the producer of allelochemicals. The mechanism of allelochemicals can be used to suppress a germination of Echinochloa colonum L. and Amaranthus viridis L. These plants are weeds species of rice. The aims of this research were to study the allelochemicals effect from the leaf of pines (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) on germination of Echinochloa colonum L. and Amaranthus viridis L.. The experimental design used Completely Randomized Design with five replicates for each concentration (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 ppm). The result which was analyzed with One-Way Analyze of Varians (ANOVA) indicated that giving a pine leaf extracts had an inhibitor effect on germination of E. colonum L. and A. viridis L.
Keywords: Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese, allelopathy, weeds, Echinochloa colonum L., Amaranthus viridis L.
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PENGARUH PERENDAMAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI AMPAS TEBU (Saccharum officinarum)
Get PDFThe objective of this research is to research the effect of particle soaking to physical and mechanical properties particleboard that resulted. The best result of particleboard is particleboard with treatment of hot water soaking. From this result obtained average of physical properties of particleboard (i.e. density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling) are 0.7 g/cm3; 9.58%; 52.27%; 10.05%. While the result average of mechanical properties of particleboard (i.e. Modulus of Rupture, Modulus of Elasticity, Internal Bond and Screw Holding Power) are 118.79 kg/cm2; 8.909 kg/cm2; 1.85 kg/cm2; 28.40 kg.
Key words: Soaking, bagasse, particleboard, physical and mechanical properties
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KETAHANAN PAPAN KOMPOSIT DARI LIMBAH KAYU SENGON DAN KARTON TERHADAP RAYAP KAYU KERING DAN RAYAP TANAH
Get PDFThis study was aimed to analyze the resistance of composites board made from wafer and carton or paper overlaid on drywood termite and subterranean termite. Materials used in this study were wafer from sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen), water based polymer isocyanate adhesive, veneer, and several kind of carton and paper such as duplex carton, recycle carton, corrugate board, and waste of cement sack. The target density was 0.65 g/cm3, while the resin solid content was 6%. The result of this study showed that no significantly different on infection rate of drywood termite among of composite board types and solid wood. The weight loose of composites board were 1.2–3.8%, while solid wood was 2.7%. Composites board more favorable to infection Macrotermes gilvus than solid wood. The weight loose of composites board were 19.3 – 28.8%, while solid wood was 12.6%.
Key words: Composites board, drywood termite, subterranean termit
STABILISASI DIMENSI KAYU DENGAN APLIKASI PARAFIN CAIR
Get PDFWood is a special material which can swell and shrink with the change of environmental humidity. The aim of this research was to enhance the dimensional stability of wood. Clear specimens of jackfruit wood (Artocarpus heterophyllus) ) measuring 15 cm (L) x 2 cm (R) x 2 cm (T) and mangium wood (Acacia mangium Wild.) measuring 5 cm (L) x 5 cm (R) x 5 cm (T) were prepared for treatment. The samples were firstly soaked in a liquid paraffin with 0% concentration (100% kerosene soluble), 33.3 %, 66,6% and 100%. All samples were then vacuumed for 1 hour and soaked in water for 24 hours. Results indicated that the best response for dimensional stability was performed by mangium with 33% paraffin and jackfruit wood with 66% paraffine. In addition, moisture content of all treated samples decreased after treatment. This research also showed that the treatment had no significant effect to MOE, MOR and hardness of the wood.
Key words: Dimensional stability of wood, liquid parafin, mangium, jackfruit wood
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ANALISIS FINANSIAL AGROFORESTRI KAKAO DI LAHAN HUTAN NEGARA DAN LAHAN MILIK
Get PDFThe cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) has been an important driver of tropical deforestation globally. Efforts to reverse this trend are focusing on the reintroduction of shade trees to cocoa plantations. Shade trees are valuable in enhancing biophysical conditions on cocoa fields and contribute to biodiversity and product diversification for smallholder producers. The aim of this study was to compare financial analysis of cocoa agroforestry between in state forest land and private land. Financial analysis was undertaken to assess its economic viability. Input–output data were collected from farmer by interview and participant observation. A discounted cash flow analysis was carried out to estimate the benefit-cost (B/C) ratio, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) at 6,4% discount rate. The results showed that the main combination of planting pattern that consist of cacao and banana (in state forest land), cacao and petai, cacao and durian (in private land) were financially feasible; the largest contribution was given by cacao at all planting patterns based on farmer household revenue structure.
Key words: Financial analysis, cocoa, agroforestry, land tenure securit
PELUANG INVESTASI USAHA BUDIDAYA KUTU LAK (Laccifer lacca Kerr): STUDI KASUS DI KPH PROBOLINGGO PERUM PERHUTANI UNIT II JAWA TIMUR
Get PDFLac insect (Laccifer lacca Kerr) is phytophogus insect, that feed on Kesambi Tree (Schleichera oleosa Merr). During its life cycle, lac insect has been producing secretion in liquid form, known as LAK and having many uses, such as varnish/polish, food cover, drug capsule, cassette ribbon, etc. In 2005, Perum Perhutani has produced 60.547 kg LAK pellets, but has not fulfilled yet market demand. Cultivation technique is still conducted in a very sampling, and easy to be studied. Investment in developing lac insect is also profitable, and promising. There are two choices of management schemes in it cultivate, the first is by infecting lac insect to the host tree when the tree is 15 years old (project I) and the second is by infecting lac insect when the tree is 4 years old (project I). Financially, the Project II is more beneficial than Project I, so that the investment for project II is reasonable to be done. The value of NPV+22.321.052.395, IRR 16.9%, BCR 1.55 and Net B/C 3.71 with discounted payback period for 10 year 8 months.
Key words: Laccifer lacca Kerr, Schleichera oleosa Merr, investment opportunity, strategy in developin
ASPEK BIOLOGIS ULATSUTERA (Bombyx mori L.) DARI DUA SUMBER BIBIT DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Get PDFThe purpose of this research to compared the biological aspect of silkworm seeds with two resources of seeds in South Sulawesi are Perum Perhutani (P1) and China hybrid (P2). The result of this research can be information for user of the sericulture. The observation will be done the hatchability of eggs, resistance of larva, and the characteristic of the larval. The observation of the cocoon quality such as whole fresh cocoon weight, the cocoon without pupa weight, the presentation of shell cocoon, the presentation of abnormal cocoon, and the characteristic of the cocoon. The data was analyzed with using proportion different test and t-student test. The result of this research was showed that hatchability of kind eggs as not significant. The resistance of larva as the higher from P2 and presentation of abnormal cocoon was lower. So the cocoon without pupa was not significant with the seeds from P1, but the cocoon weight and size of cocoon are bigger than from P2. Both larva motif and cocoon characteristic from P1 and from China hybrid is significant, but larva stadia from P2 was shorter than from P1.
Key words : Biological aspect, silkworm (Bombyx mori), seeds resources
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