Journal of Agroindustrial Technology
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PENERAPAN PRODUKSI BERSIH PADA INDUSTRI KECIL MENENGAH (IKM) PENGOLAHAN TAHU DI INDONESIA: LITERATUR REVIEW
Get PDFThe tofu industry, especially small industries, still has a low awareness of the environmental impacts caused by the production process. Reduction of environmental impact and production efficiency in tofu industry activities can be solved by applying cleaner production. This study aims to examine the applications of cleaner production in tofu processing SMEs in Indonesia. The method used is an exploratory approach to review the contents of several articles from national and international journals. Reviews on articles can be in the form of identification of the tofu processing, problems, CP reccomendations, results of technical, financial and environmental analysis and the priorities for cleaner production. CP opportunities that can be recommended for tofu processing SMEs in Indonesia are 1) The washing process in stages, 2) Making water recycling installations, 3) Making additional funnels on the milling machine, 4) Making energy-saving stoves, 5) Substitution of firewood with coconut shells, 6) Utilization of tofu dregs for animal feed, 7) Making Nata de Soya from whey, 8) Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) application.
Keywords: cleaner production, small and medium industry, tofu industr
IDENTIFIKASI PROFIL ASAM AMINO DAN LEMAK BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE MENGGUNAKAN PAKAN BUNGKIL DAN SISA MAKANAN
Get PDFAs the world\u27s largest palm oil producer, Indonesia has enormous potential for producing palm kernel expeller waste. Only 7% of Indonesia\u27s palm kernel expeller (PKE) is processed into animal feed. It is necessary to utilize both wastes from palm oil processing and the workers\u27 environment to support certification in palm oil plantations. This research aims to identify amino acid and lipid profile, total protein, fat, feeding rate, and survival rate BSFL using a palm kernel expeller for feed. The feed experiment in this research was PKE, fermented PKE, PKE with food waste, and fermented PKE with food waste as a control. The optimum result was fermented PKE with food waste with a protein total of 51.45%. Using BSFL for feed should have high protein content and low fat. The fat of BSFL fermented PKE with food waste is lower than BSFL with food waste. The feeding rate, survival rate, and BSFL mass are lower than BSFL with food waste. BSFL has the potential to reduce PKE waste and domestic food waste. The amino acid profile of BSFL PKE with household food waste consists of L-Glutamic Acid, L-Leucine, L-Arginine, L-Tyrosine, L-Valine, and L-Phenylalanine. L-Glutamic acid was the highest amino Acid in BSFL (36.396 g/kg). The type of amino Acid in BSFL is suitable for animal feed. The lipids in BSFL PKE with household food waste are lauric acid, oleic acid, unsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, palmitic acid, myristic acid, and linoleic acid. The highest content of lipids is lauric acid (12.126%). The type of fat in BSFL can be used to produce biodiesel.
Keywords: black soldier fly larvae, palm kernel expeller, amino acid profile, fat profile, household food wast
IMPACT OF AERATION ON OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES DECOMPOSITION
Get PDFOil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) is one of the large solid wastes produced in oil palm industries. In this study, a technique of fast composting of oil palm EFB was carried out. This research aims to assess the effect of aeration on water content, the dynamics of temperature, fungal growth, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the EFB. Treatments tested in this study were three types of ligninolytic fungal isolates as decomposers (Omphalina sp, Pholyota sp, and Omphalina sp + Pholyota sp.) and two types of aeration, i.e., with or without aeration in the composting pile. The study was done for seven weeks on open land. The water content of composting piles on aeration treatments (48.7-53.7%) was slightly higher than treatments without aeration (37.2-45.56%). Based on the parameters of increasing temperature, the EFB decomposition process increased and reached a maximum in the second week and then decreased in the period incubation of 7 weeks. Giving aeration to the EFB pile inoculated with decomposer seems to produce slightly better mycelium growth by about 20% than those without aeration. In general, the values of the C/N ratio were lower in the aerated EFB piles compared to those without aeration. Management of aeration, such as controlling the period of aeration, is needed to maintain EFB moisture in the presence of aeration or add material that keeps the aeration will maintain the optimum water content in a pile.
Keywords: decomposers, ligninolytic, Omphalina sp., Pholyota s
EKSTRAKSI MINYAK ESENSIAL BUNGA KAMBOJA PUTIH (Plumeria obtusa) DENGAN CO2 SUPERKRITIK: PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN TEKANAN
Get PDFPlumeria obtusa frangipani flowers grow across Indonesia abundantly and are frequently used in Hindu religious ceremonies. However, fallen and used frangipani flowers could potentially cause an immense amount of flower waste on the ground and water. A preliminary study on the processing of the fresh flowers into essential oils by supercritical CO2 extraction had been done, however an evaluation of the extraction conditions (temperature and pressure) of P. obtusa has not yet performed. This work investigated the effect of extraction’s pressure (100 and 300 bar) and temperature (40 and 60 oC) to the essential oil’s yield and composition. The result showed that the high pressure of 300 bar and low temperature of 40oC gives the highest yield (0,736%) with 36 compounds identified. Among them, 81% of their biological and pharmacological activities and benefits had been reported (antibacterial, antifungal, aromatic compound, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory). The identification of composition of the flower essential oils showed that olean-12-ene, 3-methoxy-, (3β) (35,12%) was found only at 300 bar and 40oC. This result confirmed that supercritical CO2 extraction was more specific in extracting volatile compounds from essential oils.
Keywords: supercritical carbon dioxide, essential oil, oil yield, volatile compounds, Plumeria obtus
THE POTENCY OF BURANGKENG LANDFILL AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY
Get PDFBurangkeng landfill has one active zone D that is usually used to accommodate waste. The capacity of Burangkeng landfill is able to accommodate 168,000 m3 of waste, but the waste volume reaches 940 m3 per day with 82.41% of that is an organic waste. From the population in Bekasi Regency in 2018 it can be estimated the amount of produced waste was 0.8 kg of waste/person/day. By calculating the rate of population growth in Bekasi Regency and the estimated population until 2025, volume of waste in Bekasi Regency was estimated around 964 tons per day. The purpose of this study was to determine the potency of generated energy from the organic waste in order to reduce the waste volume entering the landfill and to maintain the sustainability of the landfill. The calculation in this study was conducted using direct measurement and literature methods. It was found that the potential percentage of methane gas in zone D reach 60.7%. Zone D as the only active zone used for waste gathering has the potency of total volume of methane gas per year approximately 1,614,774 tons and it is able to produce the electricity power of 651 kWh.
Keywords: Burangkeng landfill,electricity, organic waste, methane gas, wast
SUSTAINABLE VALUE OF RICE SUPPLY CHAIN: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH AGENDA
Get PDFThe rice supply chain is important to achieve food security. It has various perspectives, challenges or issues that causes a complex problem in supply chain system. The existing problem are related to food availability, inventory level, fragmented distribution, affordability of prices, accessibility, variation of business processes and the environmental impact from production and logistics system. Moreover integration framework in the dimension of sustainability is limited. The objective of this article is to identify current problems to construct the idea of supply chain integration and to build the formulation for improvement the value of rice supply chain. Fifty articles discuss rice supply chain. The remaining discuss on increasing rice productivity, inventory optimization, performance improvement, and traceability. The VOS viewer result showed that sustainability is connected to the supply chain at a distant position which indicates that sustainability has the opportunity to be studied wider range in future research. The gap analysis showed that the production increase is limited to agronomy innovation and didn’t consider sustainable characteristics input. The indirect innovations that use information technology for precision farming also had not been comprehensively collaborated. The production absorption had not been considered in inventory optimization and traceability system had not been developed for supply availability. The improvement activities to fill the gap will transform supply chain performance more efficient, responsive and minimum environmental impacts for the enhancement of the sustainability value of the rice supply chain.
Keywords: gap analysis, integration, rice supply chain, sustainability, production and logistics syste
MINIMIZING SEVEN WASTE IN THE INNER LID PRODUCTION PROCESS USING THE LEAN SIX SIGMA APPROACH
Get PDFPT.X is an industry that produces plastic-based products, namely Inner Lids, Back Panels, condensers, and Pet plates. Inner Lid products have the most defects. The inner Lid is the inner tub cover on the dryer in the washing machine. The dominant problem with Inner Lid products is the occurrence of defects during the production process of around 1-2% of the production output per production so that the number of products produced does not meet the set targets and product quality does not meet specifications. The purpose of this research is to find out the waste that occurs in the production process at PT.X, to calculate the sigma value in the production process, to determine the factors that cause the failure of the production process, and provide recommendations for improvements to dominant waste to minimize process failures in the production process. This study uses the Lean Six Sigma method which is used to identify and eliminate waste that is not added value with continuous quality improvement toward the target of 6 Sigma or zero defects. DPMO calculation results obtained an average of 6149.341 and a sigma value of 4.008. To reduce the impact of failure due to seven wastes, an analysis is carried out that the causes of failure can come from human, machine, method, material, and environmental factors. then the potential failures are identified and suggestions for improvements are given based on the Failure Mode Effect and Analysis (FMEA) method. based on the highest RPN with a value of 140, the proposed improvement is given to the waste defect, namely the need for work supervision from the head of a production in paying attention to the machine and operator performance so that errors can be minimized.
Keywords : DPMO, FMEA, inner lid, lean six sigma, wast
EKONOMI SIRKULAR PADA MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOK AGROINDUSTRI: KONSEPTUAL DAN RANCANGAN IMPLEMENTASI
Get PDFCurrently, the quality of our environment is consistent decrease by time after time due to economic activities without considering social and environmental dimension. Technically, economic activities can’t be separated from supply chain management (SCM), particularly in agroindustrial. To overcome of this the new approach is needed as a tipping point so that economic and social activities keep going but the loss biodiversity at least can be de reduced. The new approach as circular economy (EC) was sparked by Pearce and Turner in the 90s. The conceptual of this paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review on circular economy topic. Material research is downloaded by several scientific portals through internet network such as Science direct, Emerald insight, Google scholar, Portal garuda, Cross-reef as well as DOAJ which majority before 5 years after published. Most of manuscripts reviewed were published in last five years. The article implements an extension theory for conceptual development of circular economy to explore a main process within supply chain management domain. Basically, the circular economy discuses five principles (i.e closing, slowing, intensifying, narrowing, dematerializing loops) that intersects with SCM process. This article provides a logical framework to spark integration between EC approaches in SCM process. Finally, presented at the end on this article, how EC theory integrating in SCM process in Gayo arabica coffee from Gayo highland, Aceh Province, Indonesia.
Keywords: Agroindustrial supply chain, circular economy, Gayo coffe
DEKOLORISASI PEWARNA TEKSTIL MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK BATCH DAN ROTARY BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR DENGAN TIGA JENIS AGEN HAYATI
Get PDFThe textile industry is one of the industries that produces liquid waste in the form of dyes such as blue Bordeaux which can be treated biologically, physically or chemically. Biological waste treatment has the advantage since it is safe, environmentally friendly, does not require large costs, and does not cause additional waste pollution. Biological waste treatment can be carried out using white rot fungi (Omphalina sp and Pleurotus ostreatus) and ligninolytic-methylene-blue degrading bacteria as the decolorizing agents in doses of 15, 30, 45% (w/w). The decolorization test was carried out using two methods, namely the Rotary Biological Contactor (RBC) and Batch Biological Contactor (BBC). This study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of biological agent and to compare the best method among the two in terms of blue Bordeaux decolorization. A factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used and the data was analyzed using ANOVA (analysis of variance) with a 95% confidence level followed by Tukey’s Honest Significance Difference Test. The results showed that not only the type of agent but also decolorization method had a significant effect on the level of decolorization of the blue Bordeaux textile colour. The highest percentage reduction of blue Bordeaux was found in Omphalina sp. as biosorbent with a concentration of 30% using the RBC method for 24 hours.
Keywords: dye decolorization, ligninolytic microorganism, Omphalina sp., Pleurotus ostreatu
