Indonesian Journal of International Law
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Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation Regarding Indonesian Special Economic Zone Between The Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia and The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of the Republic of Korea.
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MILITARY COOPERATION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM FROM THE STANDPOINT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Get PDFFrom the Sahel-Sahara region to Afghanistan, from Syria to the Philippines, the internationalcommunity has been witnessing, for a number of years now, the establishment of military trainingand support partnerships, the launch of joint military operations and the formation of internationalcoalitions which have had a recent upsurge, all of these regional having been specifically designed to fightagainst and eliminate the terrorist scourge. These different forms of military cooperation have beenjustified either by a consent or request from the territorial State, by the right of self-defense,or even by an authorization from the UN Security Council. This article’s purpose is to analyzethe legal framework within which the operations must fall in order for them to be lawful andtheir justifications to be valid. Through the analysis of doctrinal debates, actual State practice andthe decisions of the International Court of Justice, this paper examines notably the criteria that makean intervention by invitation valid, the limitative conditions of invocation and implementation of theright of self-defense, and finally the original as well as the current mechanism of collective securitythat has led to the establishment of peace or multilateral operations
Regulating Unconventional Oil and Gas Production: Towards an International Sustainability Framework
Get PDFMany of the emerging literatures on unconventional oil and gas production have taken the form of arguing for and against its positive and negative impacts. Studies have taken the form of exploring how it could result in increased energy production, energy security, financial returns and profits to local entities, increased investments in priority sectors, and generation of local employment opprtunities. On the other side, there have been explorations of the costs of fracking to the environment, human health, long term sustainability and contamination of drill sites. Less attention have been paid to exploring the possibilities of an international framework through which we could achieve a win-win scenario, i.e maximizing the economic potentials of unconventional oil and gas by reducing the environmental side effects. This paper discusses an international framework built on the theory of sustainable development, through which the environmental concerns associated with unconventional oil and gas production can be addressed