ILMU USHULUDDIN
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A Comparative Study of the Complexity of Sacred Values of the World’s Religions: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
No full textAbstract: This article discusses knowledge that focuses on comparative studies regarding the complexity of the sacred values of world religions from a multidisciplinary perspective. The tendency of previous research to review the sacred values of religions is limited to a monodisciplinary perspective, and they focused only on the field of spirituality as well as it was personal in nature. In fact, the view of the sacred value of religion as something spiritual has a broad spectrum, and it is also influenced by the environment, culture, and social interactions. The research method employs Rudolf Bultmann’s theological hermeneutical approach to the demythologizing framework. Through this theological hermeneutic, researchers comprehensively interpret the sacred values of religions into the socio-cultural aspects of contemporary humans. This research discovers that the sacred values of world religions are complex-dynamic, not partial-static, and play an important role in various aspects of life throughout the world. At the same time, this is an ideal time to make good use of the practice of sacred values of religions as an important source of community-based values from various parts of the world to develop an important bridge towards the “baldatun ṭayyibatun wa Rabbun Ghafūr society.”Keywords: Comparative Studies; Sacred Values; World Religions; Multidisciplinary Perspective.Abstrak: Artikel ini memperluas pengetahuan yang berfokus pada studi komparasi tentang kompleksitas nilai suci agama-agama dunia dalam perspektif multidisiplin. Penelitian sebelumnya cenderung meninjau nilai suci agama-agama sebatas perspektif monodisiplin dan tertuju hanya pada bidang spiritualitas dan bersifat personal. Padahal pandangan tentang nilai suci agama sebagai sesuatu yang spiritual memiliki spektrum yang luas dan juga dipengaruhi lingkungan, budaya, dan interaksi sosial. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutika teologis Rudolf Bultmann pada kerangka demitologisasi. Melalui hermeneutika teologis ini peneliti menginterpretasikan nilai suci agama-agama secara komprehensif ke dalam aspek sosial-budaya manusia kontemporer. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa nilai suci agama-agama dunia bersifat kompleks-dinamis bukan parsial-statis, dan memainkan peran penting dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan di seluruh dunia, sekaligus era kontemporer ini saat yang ideal untuk kembali memanfaatkan dengan baik praktik nilai suci agama-agama sebagai sumber penting nilai-nilai komunitarian dari berbagai belahan dunia guna membangun jembatan penting menuju masyarakat yang “baldatun thayyibatun wa Rabbun Ghafūr.”Kata Kunci: Studi Komparasi; Nilai Suci; Agama-agama Dunia; Perspektif Multidisiplin
The Socio-Economic Movements of Sufis: Exploring Spiritual Entrepreneurship of the Idrisiyyah Ṭarīqah at Pagendingan Tasikmalaya Indonesia
No full textIdrisiyyah\u27s spiritual entrepreneurship was born from the neo-Sufism paradigm which produced a business ethos with the motivation of worship, professional service to the murshid, a symphony of inner and outer life and a modern and professional business management culture for the Islamic boarding school\u27s economic independence. Apart from that, Idrisiyyah\u27s entrepreneurial spirituality also gave birth to Idrisiyyah\u27s distinctive corporate culture and corporate values which caused Idrisiyyah business people to feel inner satisfaction, priceless. Cannot be compensated with money, objects or any kind of materials. This causes Idrisiyyah\u27s spiritual entrepreneurship to become an oasis in the midst of a business ethics crisis; but it is difficult to put into practice in society, because Idrisiyyah\u27s spiritual entrepreneurship is tied to the Tarîqah system. The key to success lies in applying the concepts of lillah, fillah and billah, for Allah, in Allah\u27s rules and by Allah, in all lines of business in the epicenter of murshid leadership and example
Colonialism and Islamic Modernism: Differences in the Development Paths of Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia
No full textIslamic modernism emerged in the 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to global challenges, aiming to blend Islamic values with modern elements like science and technology. It spread globally in response to colonialism and modernization. In Indonesia, it developed during the transition to democracy, with regional autonomy leading to the implementation of Sharia in local regulations. Some radical groups in Indonesia sought to establish a strict Islamic state, driven by motives like the desire for a caliphate. In response, a liberal Islamic movement emphasizing contextual interpretations emerged. Islam Nusantara, represented by NU, exemplifies a moderate and tolerant form of Islam. Religious moderation is seen as an alternative to balance extreme interpretations, focusing on tolerance, democracy, and the rejection of violence. This article will delve into the journey of Islamic modernism, starting from its pioneers in Egypt and extending to Indonesia, where debates and developments in religious thought have become significant stage
THEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE QURAN: AN ANALYSIS OF MUʿTAZILAH THOUGHT IN AL-KASHSHĀF BY AL-ZAMAKHSHARĪ
No full textThis article concludes that the interpretation of the Quran depends on the ideological and theological leanings of a mufassir. The findings support H-G. Gadamer’s claim about the mufassir’s pre-understanding, which is considered to have a close relationship with the interpretation result. This study shares the view of modernist Muslims, such as Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd, Farid Esack, Khaled Abou el-Faḍl, and feminist scholar Amina Wadud, that subjectivity in the interpretation of the Quran is inevitable because each mufassir lives in a different historical context and cultural reality. This article proves that the theological interpretation in al-Kashshāf is influenced by the Muʿtazilah principles of al-tawḥīd and al-ʿadl. The methodology of interpretation also portrays al-Zamakhsharī as an interpreter who has full authority in expressing his thoughts by using the question-and-answer method in his work. This article concludes that the interpretation of the Quran depends on the ideological and theological tendencies of the mufassir
THE HERMENEUTICS OF AL-SYAUKANI: THE GRAVE AND THE BARZAKH IN FATḤ AL-QADĪR
No full textThis article aims to examine Al-Shawkani\u27s interpretation in Al-Shawkani\u27s hermeneutic theory in Tafsir Fathkhul Qadir eschatological verses as well as the implications of the theory and its application to various categorization models of interpretation studies. Using a qualitative literature methodology, it was found that Al-Shawkani\u27s hermeneutics was applied to verses about the graves and the barzakh. This study produces conclusions. First, al-Shawkānī\u27s hermeneutics is built on the principle of convergence between riwāyah and dirāyah. Viewed from the perspective of triadic structures in hermeneutics, "riwāyah" represents the authority of the author, while "dirāyah" represents the authority of the text. The convergence of riwāyah and dirāyah makes al-Shawkānī\u27s interpretation rely on inclusive, egalitarian, and retrospective literalism. Second, al-Shawkānī applies hermeneutical principles consistently to his interpretation of the graves and the barzakh in the Qur\u27an. Meanwhile, in terms of the history of hermeneutics, what al-Shawkānī does is not far from the discussions that appear in classical hermeneutics, namely in the form of interpretation theory, philological methods, or linguistic understanding methods
Contextualizing Hadith About LGBT in Perspective Humanity, Religion, and Culture
No full textThis article aims to contextualize LGBT-related hadiths from humanitarian, religious, and cultural perspectives. LGBT issues have become a complex debate in Indonesian society in recent years, especially as they are closely related to existing religious and cultural values. The purpose of this study is to analyze how LGBT-related hadiths are interpreted and applied in the Indonesian context, and how humanitarian, religious, and cultural perspectives play a role in this understanding. The study uses a qualitative approach by collecting and analyzing data from primary and secondary sources, including hadith texts, religious literature, and the opinions of religious and community leaders. The results of the analysis show that interpretations of hadith-reports on LGBT may vary depending on the religious, cultural, and humanitarian frameworks used. Some may use the hadith to oppose LGBT based on traditional interpretations, while others argue that humanitarian principles and social values should be prioritized. This study also examines the impact of contextualizing hadith about LGBT on religious, cultural and humanitarian views. It was found that the diversity of views in society on this issue reflects the conflict between religious values and the demands of a more inclusive humanity. This research illustrates the complexity of the context in interpreting and applying hadith traditions on LGBT in Indonesia. Differences between religious, cultural and humanitarian interpretations play an important role in shaping discussions and policies on this issue. Therefore, it is important to continue to promote inclusive dialogue and understanding in order to deal with LGBT issues wisely and with respect for different perspective
THE MAQASIDI APPROACH IN ISLAMIC LEGISLATION ACCORDING TO IBN \u27ASHUR IN AL-TAHRIR WA AL-TANWIR
No full textThis study aims to reveal the crystallization of Islamic law by the Prophet Muhammad SAW who used the maqashidi method which emphasizes the maqashid of Islamic law and the maqashid of the Qur\u27an. This study uses library research and thematic interpretation methods. This research method uses aspects of library research with data sources of literacy related to manhaj maqashidi and tafsir tahrir wa tanwir as well as works around maqasid sharia and maqasid Al-Qur\u27an. This study reveals the crystallization of Islamic law by the Prophet Muhammad SAW using the interpretation of Tahrir wa Tanwir, including: 1) protecting religion, 2) protecting the soul, 3) protecting reason, 4) protecting descendants, 5) protecting property. The maqasidi method used by the Prophet Muhammad SAW in crystallizing Islamic law emphasizes the oneness of Allah, the sanctity of man, and human civilization
THE IMPORTANCE OF RATIONALITY AND LOGIC IN RELIGIOUS PRACTICE: A STUDY OF ABD SAMAD PALIMBANI\u27S THOUGHT
No full textThis article elucidates the thoughts of ʿAbd al-Ṣamad al-Palimbānī (1116 H / 1704 M-1203 H / 1789 AD) regarding the role of reason and the importance of rationality in religion and society. This article refers to ʿAbd al-Ṣamad’s works as primary data and the writings of Muslim scholars as secondary data. After describing ʿAbd al-Ṣamad’s main views on reason, knowledge, and thinking, this article concludes that religious life based on rational thinking, contemplation, and critical logic will give rise to knowledge, wisdom, and moderation, support the development of human potential, and develop civilization. Conversely, a religion that is dominated by hatred and avoids critical rational thinking will give birth to ignorance, religious extremism and terrorism, and other destructive actions. This study is qualitative literature using the hermeneutic method and philosophical analysis
THEOLOGY OF PEACE BASED ON RELIGIOUS HARMONY IN ASGHAR ALI ENGINEER’S PERSPECTIVE
No full textThis article will explore Asghar Ali Engineer’s ideas on the significance of religious harmony and examine how this concept is manifested through his formulated theology of peace. The research method used in this study is literature review with a philosophical approach using hermeneutic and text analysis techniques through verstehen. The results of this study explain that the theology of peace sees religion as a source of values and spirit that encourage humans to live together in peace and harmony. Asghar Ali Engineer suggests that Muslims prioritize the principles of peace, such as the understanding of Islam, the meaning of jihād, movement, and the application of justice. In addition, according to Asghar Ali’s perspective, Muslims must cultivate values that can realize religious harmony and peace, such as anti-violence, justice, truth, tolerance, love, and compassion
COMPATIBILITY OF ISLAM AND CAPITALISM: DIMENSIONS OF CAPITALISM IN THE QURAN
No full textThis study aims to explore the compatibility of capitalism and Islam. Capitalism, which is identical with self-centeredness and greed, is often at odds with Islam. Have we employed some descriptive, interpretation, and philosophical approaches, this study concludes that capitalism and Islam are compatible. The Quran mentions several characteristics of capitalism, such as private ownership and profit maximization. Private ownership and capital accumulation are permitted in Islam, and the freedom to own property is a measure of productivity. Profit maximization, which is the core of capitalism, is also available in the Quran. Islam permits profit-taking within certain parameters. This situation demonstrates the compatibility of capitalism and Islam. However, it is necessary to incorporate Islamic norms to make capitalism more compatible with Islam