ILMU USHULUDDIN
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164 research outputs found
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Kritik Iqbal terhadap Argumen-Argumen Ketuhanan
No full textThis article describes Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s criticism on three arguments of scholastic divinity which is considered to have weaknesses and flaws in verification of the existence of God. The scholastic argument is Ontology, Cosmology, and Teleology. Then Iqbal offered new arguments about existence of God, in which they consist of: 1) Intuitive Argument 2) God as the Eternal Beauty, Personal Absolute, and Spiritual Truth
Menafsir Ulang Kekristenan: studi atas Pandangan Keagamaan Tokoh-Tokoh pada Novel The Da Vinci Code
No full textThis article elucidates the Da Vinci Code (DVC) by Dan Brown. DVC became one of the most phenomenal novel with the best selling in the world and became the subject of discussion among its readers, including Christians scholars. Dealing with the novel, there are three groups to response. First, the opinion believes that Jesus was just an ordinary man who descends from ‘Merovongian dynasti’ of Mary Magdalena, as the Holy Grail, and that opinion does not disseminate the belief. Second, as well as the first view, but this second group wants to spread the belief to the wider society. Third, the mainstream view that believes the crucifixtion of Jesus as the foundation of the Christian faith. Therefore, Jesus is a man and a God totally
Polemik Harun Nasution-H.M. Rasjidi dalam Falsafat dan Teologi
No full textThis writing is focused on the polemic that occurred between Harun Nasution and H.M. Rasjidi, particularly in the problems of philosophy and theology. In terms of philosophy, it is focused on reason and revelation (al-‘aql wa al-manqūl), whereas of theology is focused on the relevance of Mu‘tazila rational theology. In the view of Harun Nasution, reason can know God (ma‘rifa Allāh), the liability to know God (wujūd ma‘rifa Allāh), to know good and evil (ma‘rifa al-ḥusn wa al-qubḥ) and the liabilities to do good deeds and liabilities to avoid misconduct (wujūb i‘tināq al-ḥasan wa ijtināb al-qabīḥ), while the revelation serves the details of those are known by reason. In the view of H.M. Rasjidi, reason can only know God, while the others can only be known through revelation. Harun Nasution considers that the rational theology of Mu‘tazila is needed as alternative solution to overcome the backwardness of Muslims. H.M. Rasjidi considers that the rational theology of Mu‘tazila is considered dangerous to the power of faith
Fondasi Realisme Ibn Sīnā dalam Metafisika Kitāb al-Syifā’
No full textThis paper is a translation and commentary on the first chapter of Book V of the Metaphysics of Avicenna’s (d. 1037) major philosophical work, the Shifāʾ. In this particular section of this work and the rest of the chapters of Book V, Avicenna lays out the metaphysical foundations to his realist epistemology. One central doctrine that he develops in the first chapter is the idea that a thing’s essence is distinct from its existence. By existence, Avicenna includes concrete existence in the outside realm and also conceptual existence in the mind (i.e. the way things are said or structured in concepts.) A thing’s essence has a neutral ontological position, neither primarily outside nor primarily conceptual, though it can exist as a concrete thing and/or as a concept. The fact that the mind and the concrete world may share a common object is the basis of Avicennian realist epistemology: this is how our thoughts and impressions about the world actually correspond to the world
Kedudukan Agama dan Negara: Perspektif Pemikir Muslim Abad Pertengahan Ibn Taymiyyah
No full textThis articleis trying to discover the political opinion—in terms of relations of religion and state—of an Islamic thinker, Ibn Taymiyya, within the era of Middle Age in the history of Islam. The government experiment in accordance to Islamic teaching had begun since the time of Muḥammad p.u.h. governed the society of Madīna. The leadership then was continued by Khulafā’ al-Rāshidīn after the Prophet Muḥammadpassed away. The system of al-khilāfa then no longer existed and soon changed becoming the monarchy, beginning from the era of Umayyad. This situation could be easily seen in the system of electing the head of the state or the leader of the governmentthrough direct pointing by the on going khalīfa to the candidate who had beenprepared as a prince long before the changingtime.This system of changing the leader of the goverment would be much different from the system in the era of Khulafā’ al-Rāshidīn, where a khalīfa should be selected by a kind of committee consisting of outstanding persons of the society and the men around (saḥāba) the Prophet Muḥammad. In the modern era and contemporary world like nowadays, the goverment model and its system are varied.Religions and politic in the perspective of Islam is integrating in the Classic and Middle Age, while in the modern era there has been emerged the idea to separate the Islamic teaching from the political field
ISIS Bagian dari Hubungan (Respon) Islam-Barat
No full textIslamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a new phenomenon, mainly after the Arab Spring event in the past 2011 the Western people, ISIS is the new phenomenon of the terrorism becoming the threat of the world. Indonesia, the majority Muslim state, can not be escaped from the threat of the terrorist threat. Indonesia participates to eradicate the terrorism in the world, mainly in Indonesia itself. This paper tries to see the issue of terrorism which deals with the history of the Islam and the West encounter. It can be said that terrorismm is the part (effect) of the relationship of the two civilizations. This paper concludes that, from the history, we need to learn from the West how to lead the civilization by institutionalization of doubt (science), not the institutionalization of terrorism
Islam, Fundamentalists & Democracy: A Perspective from Indonesia
No full textAs a religion, Islam provides values, ethics, norms and guidelines, but not a quick panacea, for Islam and democracy in Indonesia. So it is very important for Islamic scholars, leaders and Muslim intelligentsia to make their people be aware and conscious that the fundamentalism, radicalism and violence are the wrong answer at the wrong time to address the problems. Fundamentalism and radicalism with violent face are not the answer to tackle the poverty, social crisis, environmental crisis, global inequities and various multi-dimensional problems in recent years. Islam will be come in handy, useful and meaningful if it can make a real contribution as values, ethics, morals, ideas, thoughts, solutions and philosophy for the communities in addressing the real issues, so that Islam would be menaningful and useful in overcoming radicalism and fundamnetalism. Will Indonesian Islam be capable and credible in dealing with this challenge? It depends on its leader and ‘ulamā’s
Konsep Jiwa Setelah Mati Menurut Mullā Ṣadrā
No full textThis article describes Mullā Ṣadrā’s idea to solve a polemic and debate on the resurrection after the death. The debate especially concerns on the resurrection of what: is it the soul or the body which resurrect?For this matter Mullā Ṣadrā offers three concepts 1) the soul is eternal and will be resurrected by a new body, 2) that new body is a result of the soul’s projection from its conduct in the world, 3) the soul will continually walk from one sphere to another without ending to God
Kegagalan Politik Multikulturalisme dan Pelembagaan Islamofobia di Negara-Negara Barat
No full textIn the past decades, multiculturalism as a policy in Western Europe and in the United States of America was taken for granted as a kind of ‘success story’ for a ‘New World’ to replace the ‘Old World’ connotated with conservativism, racism and facism. But nowadays, new debates arise on the contestation between multiculturalism policy and terror attacts by certain radical groups on behalf of Islam. Muslims now are seen as potential threats for Western hegemony, and are considered not compatible with Western democracy values. Judging this, a question arises: is multiculturalism policy still need to be sustained? Is this an end or the failure of the multiculturalism ideology following the development of Islamophobia? This paper analyzes sources of the many success and failure factors in the practice of multiculturalism in the Western countries
Mukhtalif al-Ḥadīts dan Cara Penyelesaiannya Perspektif Ibn Qutaybah
No full textThis article is explanation on Ibn Qutayba in giving a solution for the problem when the content of Ḥadīths (Sunna) is contradictory to or conflicted with the Qur’ān, reason, logic or to the principles of natural sciences. The experts of Ḥadīth mentioned them as the contradictive Ḥadīths. In this respect, Ibn Qutayba observed that the contradictive Ḥadīth can be given a solution in many sides. If the contradiction happened thence one needs an interpretation until the understanding of the Ḥadīth remains suitable to the purpose of al-Qur’ān. In his masterpiece work Ta’wīl Mukhtalif al-Ḥadīth, he has noted many examples of the contradictive Ḥadīth and gave the ways to solve them in order the Ḥadīth easily to comprehend by the umma. He offered various approaches to the contradictive Ḥadīth, some of them are rational and logical, but some of them are irrational and difficult to understand by today modern society