Journal of Integrated -OMICS
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Integrated Omics in salmon skin mucus for determining consequences of chloramine treatment against parasite infestation: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v10i3.341
No full textThe monogenean salmon fluke (Gyrodactylus salaris) is an important ectoparasitic pathogen of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) frequently occurring in Norwegian rivers. High infection rates have reduced populations of salmon parr and led to a decline of upstream-swimming adult fish. Thus, finding efficient measures for the eradication of the parasite is a necessity. The treatments that have been successful so far have the disadvantage of killing all aquatic life and require river rehabilitation and repopulation programs. In the search for more selective agents, chlorine at low concentrations has emerged as a suitable candidate, removing the flukes from the salmon without causing notable adverse consequences. However, more data regarding potential health risks are needed before chlorine can be applied for the large-scale disinfection of Norwegian watercourses. In the present study, we have therefore explored potential effects of exposing on-growing salmon to (mono)chloramine, by combined proteomic and metabolomic profiling of the skin mucus composition. The epidermal mucus protects fish against harmful environmental factors and represents a valuable and easily accessible source for monitoring the health status by analyzing excreted proteins and small molecules. We treated fish with 60 µg/L (Cl60) chloramine for 17 days (E17) and kept them for further 21 days (R21) in non-chlorinated water during a recovery period. A control group (Cl0) followed the same procedure but without chloramine. Skin mucus was obtained before treatment following a 14-day habituation period (H0), at E17 and at R21, following a previously established mucus absorption protocol. The samples were analyzed by proteomic and metabolomic methods using high-resolution mass spectrometry, and data were processed for further statistical modeling. While there were no significant differences between exposed and control salmon at E17, we observed a considerable time-dependent influence on the mucus composition in both Cl0 and Cl60 groups that were attributed to aging. However, the comparison of Cl0-R21 vs. Cl60-R21 at study end indicated a chloramine-dependent separation of the groups, mostly caused by proteins classifiable into the biological processes “cellular processes” and “metabolic processes”. Overall, the observed differences between treated fish and controls were small, showing that the health risk for salmon exposed to chloramine concentrations below 60 µg/L appears to be lo
A Model of How Antibiotics Work: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v9i2.305
No full textAlmost all children have taken antibiotics as a result of ear infections, strep throat, or other bacterial infections. Some of them feel better soon and don’t understand why they have to keep taking the medication for the full ten days as prescribed. Others forget to take the medicine, and then often have to be put on a stronger type of antibiotics. This game enables students to experience a model of the effects of antibiotics on a population of disease-causing bacteria during an infection. Students learn how variables such as skipping a day of medication affect the persistence of the disease. A key concept is that almost every naturally occurring population of bacteria that cause disease has a component that is resistant to antibiotics. By graphing data, students can visually understand why it is important to take a complete course of antibiotics to kill all the bacteria and decease the likelihood of bacteria becoming resistant, which can be harmful to human health and is a major public health problem
About of Mechanisms of Change in the Activity of Erythrocyte Ache-basics by Some Pesticides and Antioxidants: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v10i1.287
No full textThe kinetics and mechanisms of the effect of some pesticides: PCNB, TCU, Rohor, PCPNa, chlorophos, heptachlor, and photodynamic herbicides on the AChE activity and mechanical resistance of erythrocytes to ultrasound were studied. A varying degree of the ability of the treated erythrocytes to ultrasound was detected. Data on the violation of the structural and functional properties of erythrocytes correlate with the results of the toxic effects of these drugs on various biological objects. The obtained data can be used for selective search of drugs with the lowest toxicity in their further use in economic activity
NIMA-related kinase 7 interacts with Mat1 and is involved in the UV-induced DNA Damage Response: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v9i2.278
No full textNek7 is a serine/threonine kinase of the mammalian NIMA-related kinases (Neks) family, which members are involved in the regulation of the progression of the cell cycle. Although several Nek members have been associated with a range of cell cycle-related tasks, including DNA repair, a possible role of Nek7 in the DNA-damage response is so far unknown. Here, we employed in vitro and in vivo interaction assays to identify Mat1 as a specific Nek7 binding partner and substrate. In addition, we showed that Nek7 pulled down both CDK7 and cyclin H and directly phosphorylated Mat1, indicating that Nek7 may play a role in the regulation of the CAK complex. Furthermore, we showed that both Nek7 and Mat1 depletion led to an accumulation of cells in the S-phase, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Notably, the mutational ablation of kinase Nek7 activity also induced increased apoptosis upon DNA damage. Collectively, our findings support the notion that Nek7 may cooperate with Mat1 in signal pathways that govern the cell cycle machinery including DDR, S-phase progression and apoptosis, and thereby can constitute an important novel player for in the context of cellular transformation and tumorigenesis
Detection and immunobiological characterization of bovine leukemia virus in Russian Federation territory in dependence on geographikal variations: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v9i1.255
No full textPetropavlovskiy M.V., Donnik I.M.,
Bezborodova N.A., Krivonogova A.S.
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution
"Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre,
Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences".
620142, Ekaterinburg, Belinskogo str. 112 a, [email protected]
BLV is a cancerous lymphoproliferative disease of cattle, and widely spread all over the world, including the Russian Federation. The genetic characterization of BLV is an important task in scientific research in many countries of the world. According to the sequenced gene region – env BLV isolates allocated in different geographical locations of the world, up to 10 different genetic groups of the virus were identified and classified. However, at the moment there are no detailed data on the immunobiological characteristics of BLV genotypes from Russia.
Acknowledgments: The research was carried out at the expense of the Russian Science Foundation grant (project No. 17-76-10051).
We selected groups of infected animals (n = 54) in Tyumen region by ELISA method. Immunological evaluation of animals in all test groups is given. A nested-PCR study was performed, which resulted in a fragment of the env 444 bp gene in the studied samples. RFLP analysis of this fragment allowed to establish that in 94% of the samples there was a «Belgian type» of the leukemia virus, in 4% of samples – «Australian» and in 2% - a «mixed type». In this region of Russia, the «Belgian type» eventually prevailed. Samples were sent for sequencing. By phylogenetic evaluation of the BLV genome env region and the immunological evaluation of the infected animals, new data will be obtained that will allow updating information on the genetic groups of the bovine leukemia virus in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Key words: Bovine leukemia virus in Russian Federation, PCR, Phylogenetic analysis, several genetic groups
Therapeutic potential of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells preconditioned with Erythropoietin implantation in laser channels in patients with Cardiac arteria disease: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v9i1.258
No full text
The problem of incomplete myocardial revascularization for diffuse and distal lesions of the myocardium is still relevant. We assessed the clinical and instrumental long-term results of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNCs) implantation in laser channels in ischemic heart disease with diffuse and distal coronary disease. In 2015-2018, 50 ischemic heart disease patients with diffuse and distal coronary arterial disease during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) underwent BM-MNCs short-term pre-treated with Erythropoietin implantation in laser channels (BM-MNCs group) and in 50 patients only CABG was done in the clinic of National Medical Research Center n.a. E.N. Meshalkin (Novosibirsk, Russia). Therapeutic potential of pre-treated BM-MNCs with Erythropoietin implantation was carried out at two weeks, six and twelfth months after surgery. Changes on morphofunctional properties of BM-MNCs after pre-treatment with Erythropoietin was carried out on basis phenotype, cell cycle, cell death, proliferation, migration, tube formation and cytokine production. In this study, we observed the presence in cellular graft of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) at the different stage of maturation/differentiation, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Precondition BM-MNCs with Erythropoietin increased number of HSCs carrying erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), and EPCs carrying CD184. Also, Epo detained СВ34+ cells in a rest phase of cell cycle (G0G1). Condition media from BM-MNCs treated with Erythropoietin augment tube formation and wound healing by EA.hy 929. After six months postoperatively, the severity of angina and heart failure based NYHA functional class (NYHA FC) was significantly less in the BM-MNCs group than in control group (p=0.04). according to perfusion scintigraphy, there was a slight decrease of stable perfusion defects (SPD) in the early postoperative period. Left ventricular ejection fraction in BM-MNCs group have tendency to increase six months after treatment
Comparative proteomic analysis in microdissected renal vessels from hypertensive SHR and WKY normotensive rats: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v9i1.250
No full textSystemic hypertension leads to renal damage known as hypertensive nephrosclerosis without obvious clinical symptoms in the initial stages and it has a profound impact on the renal vascular physiology. Despite its major role in End Stage Renal Disease, many aspects of hypertensive nephrosclerosis remain unknown. In order to elucidate the biological pathways and macromolecules deregulated by hypertension, renal vessels were obtained by Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and age-matched controls (20 weeks). Proteomic analysis was performed aiming to detect molecular alterations associated with hypertension at the renal vessels before the onset of vascular damage. This analysis identified 688 proteins, of which 58 were differentially expressed (15 up-regulated and 43 down-regulated) in SHR. Many of these proteins are involved in vascular tone regulation by modulating the activity of endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) (Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1 (XPP1), N(G) N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), Dehydropteridine reductase (DHPR)) or in blood pressure control by regulating the renin-angiotensin system (Glutamyl aminopeptidase/Aminopeptidase A (AMPE), Aminopeptidase N (AMPN)). Moreover, pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the eNOS activation pathway is deregulated only in SHR. Our study demonstrates that hypertension causes early proteomic changes in the renal vessels of SHR. These changes are relevant to vascular tone regulation and consequently may be involved in the development of vascular damage and hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Further validation and interference studies to investigate potential therapeutic impact of these findings are warranted
Enterocin AP-7121: combination with colistin against human multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v9i2.296
No full textThe significant prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria as health-care associated pathogens and their increased antimicrobial multi-drug resistance highlight the need for new therapeutic options. Colistin is a conventional antimicrobial currently employed for the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by multi-drug resistant Gram negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii complex with a main drawback, its toxicity. Doses of this drug, and its toxic effects, can be potentially reduced by using it combined with bacteriocins. AP-7121 is an enterocin produced by the probiotic strain Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic activity of AP-7121 combined with colistin against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. P. aeruginosa (n: 3) only susceptible to colistin and A. baumannii complex (n: 3) only susceptible to colistin and tigecycline were included. These human isolates were recovered from blood cultures (hemoculture) of patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections at the Intensive Care Unit (Hospital Ramon Santamarina de Tandil Argentina). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for AP, colistin, and colistin/AP-7121 combination against Gram-negative bacteria was assayed (micro-dilution method, CLSI 2018). In vitro bactericidal activity of AP alone or combined with colistin (MIC/4), for assessing a synergistic effect, was studied carrying out time-kill curves. Samples were obtained for viable cell counts (0, 4, 8 and 24 h). MIC and time-kill curves were carried out three times, in duplicate. Results were expressed as their average values. All isolates were resistant to AP (MICAP-7121 > 128 mg/L). Colistin showed anti-P. aeruginosa (MICcolistin 0.5 mg/L) and anti-A. baumannii complex (MICcolistin 0.5-1.0 mg/L) activity in each isolate. Colistin/AP-7121 Combination showed bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa (MICcolistin/AP-7121 ≤ 0.06/11-0.12/16 mg/L) and A. baumannii (MICcolistin/AP-7121 ≤ 0.12-0.20/16 mg/L). A synergistic effect (colistin/AP-7121) was observed at 4-8 and 24 h for P. aeruginosa (-1.8 to -3.8 Δlog10 CFU/mL) and for A. baumannii complex isolates (-2.0 to -3.8 Δlog10 CFU/mL). AP-7121 is a candidate as an alternative option for the combination with colistin, against human P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii complex isolates producers of bloodstream infections. Their synergistic activity against these bacteria, leads to a bactericidal activity of AP, with lower MIC values and a potential reduction of colistin toxicity, to be thoroughly investigated
Proteome Analysis Implicates Adaptive Changes in Metabolism and Body Wall Musculature of Caenorhabditis elegans Dauer Larva: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v8i1.237
No full textDauer larva is an alternative developmental stage of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) that occurs when the environmental condition is unfavorable for growth. Little is known regarding how the proteome of dauer larvae respond to poor environmental growth conditions. Such knowledge is expected to help understand the survival mechanism(s) of dauer larvae. In order to uncover the proteome differences between dauer larvae and normally developed third stage larvae (L3), an L2 stage larvae was starved to create the dauer larvae and this proteome was compared with that of the L3 larvae. Results showed that proteins involved in muscle assembly and fatty acid oxidation are increased in dauer larvae, while proteins involved in maintaining regular organismic activity such as reproduction, translation and apoptotic processes are decreased. The protein expression profile also suggested that the glyoxylate cycle is preferentially utilized during dauer arrest over the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and significant structural rearrangement occurs on the hypodermis, body wall musculature, and pharynx. 
Quantitative proteomic analysis of the Bacillus thuringiensis BGSC-4AW1 strain (serovar andalousiensis): DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v8i1.204
No full textAnalysis of the proteome of any Bacillus thuringiensis strain should provide important information about mechanisms of infection, interactions with host organisms, and very importantly, about the molecular mechanisms by which the bacterium is able to survive under non-favorable conditions. In order to address these important issues, we analyzed the proteome of the crystal-forming Bacillus thuringiensis strain BGSC-4AW1 (var. andalousiensis). This proteomic analysis reveals the presence of important proteins for cell survival and cell proliferation associated with the exosporium/coat/crystal complexes. Although, at the present time, we cannot discriminate among the specific sub proteomes associated with these developmental stages, it is clear that this information should be useful for mapping the cellular mechanisms involved in cell survival and adaptation to detrimental environmental conditions. It is also clear that the proteomic analysis offers a wider window into the potential biotechnological applications of Bt