JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI
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Markov semi-groups generated by elliptic operators with divergence-free drift
No full textIn this paper we construct a conservative Markov semi-group with generator L =Δ +b ·∇on Rn, where bis a divergence-free vector field which belongs to L2∩Lpwith n
Fragment binding to the Nsp3 macrodomain of SARS-CoV-2 identified through crystallographic screening and computational docking
No full textThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) macrodomain within the nonstructural protein 3 counteracts host-mediated antiviral adenosine diphosphate–ribosylation signaling. This enzyme is a promising antiviral target because catalytic mutations render viruses nonpathogenic. Here, we report a massive crystallographic screening and computational docking effort, identifying new chemical matter primarily targeting the active site of the macrodomain. Crystallographic screening of 2533 diverse fragments resulted in 214 unique macrodomain-binders. An additional 60 molecules were selected from docking more than 20 million fragments, of which 20 were crystallographically confirmed. X-ray data collection to ultra-high resolution and at physiological temperature enabled assessment of the conformational heterogeneity around the active site. Several fragment hits were confirmed by solution binding using three biophysical techniques (differential scanning fluorimetry, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence, and isothermal titration calorimetry). The 234 fragment structures explore a wide range of chemotypes and provide starting points for development of potent SARS-CoV-2 macrodomain inhibitors
Post-Roman and medieval drying kilns: Foundations of archaeological research
No full textDrying kilns, corn-dryers and malting ovens are increasingly familiar features in post-Roman, Anglo-Saxon and medieval archaeology. Their forms, functions and distributions offer critical insights into agricultural, technological, economic and dietary history across the British Isles. Despite the significance and growing corpus of these structures, exceptionally few works of synthesis have been published. Yet such a foundational study was produced by Robert Rickett as early as 1975: an undergraduate dissertation which, for the first time, assembled a gazetteer of drying kilns from across the British Isles, critically examined this archaeological evidence in the light of documentary research, and established a typology and uniform terminology for drying kiln studies. This pioneering and oft cited dissertation is here published for the first time, providing a foundation for the future study of drying kilns in Britain, Ireland and beyond. A new introduction and notes by Mark McKerracher set the original work within the context of drying kiln research since 1975
The signalling channel of negative interest rates
No full textNegative interest rates remain a controversial policy for central banks. We study a novel signalling channel and ask under what conditions negative rates should exist in an optimal policymaker’s toolkit. We prove two necessary conditions for the opti mality of negative rates: a time-consistent policy setting and a preference for policy smoothing. These conditions allow negative rates to signal policy easing, even with deposit rates constrained at zero. In an estimated model, the signalling channel dominates the costly interest margin channel. However, the effectiveness of negative rates depends sensitively on the degree of policy inertia, level of reserves, and ZLB duration
For Augustinian archival openness and laggardly sharing: Trustworthy archiving and sharing of social science data from identifiable human subjects
No full textAchieving water efficiency in the public sector through social norms
No full textWater efficiency campaigns in England and Wales currently focus on private domestic customers and private businesses and usually focus on either the implementation of technological devices, financial incentives or educational programs for school children. This brief research report focuses on the public sector (schools, hospital, universities, local government), an underexplored area for investigating the role of social norms in facilitating water saving. It takes the approach that the public sector provides so far untapped potential for water savings and asks how water saving behavior can be changed. Based on a review of academic, grey literature, documents and a workshop with stakeholders from water companies, regulators and public sector organizations, nine key themes are presented and discussed. The themes, which can also be understood as recommendations, emphasize that water saving behavior is influenced not just by individual decisions, but social and psychological drivers such as social norms, values or group behavior. For example, water saving competitions among different departments, embedding water into the bigger environmental story or the question of who delivers the water saving message may contribute to changing water saving behavior at the workplace1. The public sector is well placed to implement water efficiency programs involving social norms and could act as role model for other sectors
Adduct-based p-doping of organic semiconductors
No full textThe data were generated during the preparation of the manuscript titled " Adduct-based p-doping of Organic Semiconductors" by Sakai et al. The data are presented as CSV or Excel files. The name of the file is related to the name of the figures in the manuscript. NB: ERRATUM for FIG-3b.csv: The topmost entry in the column 'B' should be 'DMSO-HBr' and all the numerical entries in the column 'B' and column 'C' should be divided by 100 to represent the data in the S/cm unit. The topmost entry in the column 'B' should be 'DMSO-HBr' and all the numerical entries in the column 'B' and column 'C' should be divided by 100 to represent the data in the S/cm unit
Hedgerow Surveys at Ditchley Park, Oxfordshire, UK, 2015
No full textHedgerow surveys were undertaken in April and May 2015 across the Ditchley Estate. Hedgerows were identified via satellite imagery, and on-site visits were used to confirm the presence of a hedgerow.
A total of 145 hedgerows were surveyed according to the methods described in the "Hedgerow Survey Handbook" (Defra, 2007). All data was recorded in line with the survey methods described in this handbook.
Hedgerow_ID: The Hedgerow_ID was based on consecutive number for each hedgerow identified via satellite imagery. If a hedgerow was longer than 100 m, it was split into sections of equal length, with each section assigned a letter (A, B, C etc.). Hedgerow_IDs are unique.
Margin width: Where hedgerows were adjacent to grassland, and so there were no clearly marked field margins, the margin width was recorded as "grassland".
GPS coordinates were recorded using a handheld GPS.
Data has been checked and any missing values noted as NA.
References:
Defra (2007) Hedgerow survey handbook. A standard procedure for local surveys in the UK. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hedgerow-survey-handboo
Tracking the presence of software as a medical device in US Food and Drug Administration databases: Retrospective data analysis
No full textBackground:
Software as a medical device (SaMD) has gained the attention of medical device regulatory bodies as the prospects of standalone software for use in diagnositic and therapeutic settings have increased. However, to date, figures related to SaMD have not been made available by regulators, which limits the understanding of how prevalent these devices are and what actions should be taken to regulate them.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to empirically evaluate the market approvals and clearances related to SaMD and identify adverse incidents related to these devices.
Methods:
Using databases managed by the US medical device regulator, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), we identified the counts of SaMD registered with the FDA since 2016 through the use of product codes, mapped the path SaMD takes toward classification, and recorded adverse events.
Results:
SaMD does not seem to be registered at a rate dissimilar to that of other medical devices; thus, adverse events for SaMD only comprise a small portion of the total reported number.
Conclusions:
Although SaMD has been identified in the literature as an area of development, our analysis suggests that this growth has been modest. These devices are overwhelmingly classified as moderate to high risk, and they take a very particular path to that classification. The digital revolution in health care is less pronounced when evidence related to SaMD is considered. In general, the addition of SaMD to the medical device market seems to mimic that of other medical devices