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Soybean Composition Database from NIR, NMR and GC-MS Analyses- (v.3)
No full textThis novel Soybean Composition Database from the AFC-NMR & NIR Spectroscopy Facility of the College of ACES at the University of Illinois at Urbana includes more than 12,000 NIR measurements on soybeans from the International Soybean Germplasm Collection, such as those received from Peking at the National Soybean Collection.
Excel files (.xls) of our novel spectroscopic data are currently available for all 80,000 + NIR and FT-NMR measurements; such data are made available from an ultra-fast and secure supercomputer server utilizing the current version of the Scientific-Linux OS-based software. 

A detailed account is also presented of our high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-NMR) and near infrared (NIR) calibration models, methodologies and validation procedures, together with a large number of composition analyses for soybean seeds. NIR calibrations were developed based on both HR-NMR and analytical chemistry reference data for oil and twelve amino acid residues in mature soybeans and soybean embryos. Moreover, this is our first detailed report of HR-NMR determinations of amino acid profiles of proteins from whole soybean seeds, without protein extraction from the seed. It was found that the best results for both oil and protein calibrations were obtained with a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-1) analysis of our extensive NIR spectral data, acquired with either a DA7000 Dual Diode Array (Si and InGaAs detectors) instrument or with several Fourier Transform NIR (FT-NIR) spectrometers equipped with an integrating sphere/InGaAs detector accessory. In order to extend the bulk soybean samples calibration models to the analysis of single soybean seeds, we have analized in detail the component NIR spectra of all major soybean constituents through spectral deconvolutions for bulk, single and powdered soybean seeds. Baseline variations and light scattering effects in the NIR spectra were corrected, respectively, by calculating the first-order derivatives of the spectra and the Multiplicative Scattering Correction (MSC). The single soybean seed NIR spectra are broadly similar to those of bulk whole soybeans, with the exception of minor peaks in single soybean NIR spectra in the region from 950 to 1,000 nm. Based on previous experience with bulk soybean NIR calibrations, the PLS-1 calibration model was selected for protein, oil and moisture calibrations that we developed for single soybean seed analysis. In order to improve the reliability and robustness of our calibrations with the PLS-1 model we employed standard samples with a wide range of soybean constituent compositions: from 34% to 55% for protein, from 11% to 22% for oil and from 2% to 16% for moisture. Such calibrations are characterized by low standard errors and high degrees of correlation for all major soybean constituents. Morever, we obtained highly resolved NIR chemical images for selected regions of mature soybean embryos that allow for the quantitation of oil and protein components. Recent developments in high-resolution FT-NIR microspectroscopy extend the NIR sensitivity range to the picogram level, with submicron spatial resolution in the component distribution throughout intact soybean seeds and embryos. Such developments are potentially important for biotechnology applications that require rapid and ultra- sensitive analyses, such as those concerned with high-content microarrays in Genomics and Proteomics research. Other important applications of FT-NIR microspectroscopy are envisaged in biomedical research aimed at cancer prevention, the early detection of tumors by NIR-fluorescence, and identification of single cancer cells, or single virus particles in vivo by super-resolution microscopy/ microspectroscopy
A potential cyanobacterial ancestor of Viridiplantae chloroplasts
Get PDFThe theory envisaging the origin of plastids from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria is well-established but it is difficult to explain the evolution (spread) of plastids in phylogenetically diverse plant groups. It is widely believed that primordial endosymbiosis occurred in the last common ancestor of all algae^1^, which then diverged into the three primary photosynthetic eukaryotic lineages, viz. the Rhodophyta (red algae), Glaucocystophyta (cyanelle-containing algae) and Viridiplantae (green algae plus all land plants)^2^. Members of these three groups invariably have double membrane-bound plastids^3^, a property that endorses the primary endosymbiotic origin of the organelles. On the other hand, the three or four membrane-bound plastids of the evolutionary complicated Chromalveolates [chromista (cryptophytes, haptophytes, and stramenopiles) and alveolata (dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates)] are inexplicable in the light of a single endosymbiosis event, thereby necessitating the postulation of the secondary^4,5^ and tertiary^6^ endosymbiosis theories where a nonphotosynthetic protist supposedly engulfed a red or a green alga^7^ and an alga containing a secondary plastid itself was engulfed^8^ respectively. In the current state of understanding, however, there is no clue about the taxonomic identity of the cyanobacterial ancestor of chloroplasts, even though there is a wide consensus on a single primordial endosymbiosis event. During our metagenomic investigation of a photosynthetic geothermal microbial mat community we discovered a novel order-level lineage of Cyanobacteria that - in 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogeny - forms a robust monophyletic clade with chloroplast-derived sequences from diverse divisions of Viridiplantae. This cluster diverged deeply from the other major clade encompassing all hitherto known groups of Cyanobacteria plus the chloroplasts of Rhodophyta, Glaucocystophyceae and Chromalveolates. Since this fundamental dichotomy preceded the origin of all chloroplasts, it appears that two early-diverging cyanobacterial lineages had possibly given rise to two discrete chloroplast descents via two separate engulfment events
Isolated ileal interposition in enteroendocrine L cells differentiation
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: 
Due to the progressive nature of type 2 diabetes, its complexity and drug treatment perpetuity, there is currently a search for surgical procedures that can promote euglycemia also in non-obese patients. Diabetic patients glycemic control can be achieved by increasing the blood concentration of GLP-1, a hormone produced by L cells that are more densely concentrated in the terminal ileum. Early and extended improvement of diabetes in patients submitted to bariatric surgeries awakened the necessity of investigating the isolated ileal interposition as a surgical alternative for the treatment of diabetes. The interposition of this ileal segment to a more anterior region (proximal jejunum) can promote a greater stimulation of the L cells by poorly digested food, increasing the production of GLP-1 and reflecting on glycemic control. However, in order to consolidate the ileal interposition as a surgical treatment of diabetes it is necessary that the interposed ileum keep the same differentiation rate into L cells for a long period to justify the intervention.

AIMS: 
To investigate the isolated ileal interposition influence on the differentiation of intestinal precursor cells into enteroendocrine L cells over time.

METHODS: 
Twelve 12-week-old male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) of the WAB strain (heterogeneous) will be used. All animals will receive a high-calorie, high-fat diet for 16 weeks or more until they develop glucose dysmetabolism confirmed by glycemic test. They will be divided into two groups of 10 animals each: the isolated ileal interposition group (GI) and the control group (GC), comprising animals that will not be submitted to any surgical intervention. Blood samples will be collected under anesthesia at the weeks 12, 26, 36 and 44 for the determination of serum levels of glucose, insulin, GLP-1, glucagon, C-peptide and glycosilated hemoglobin. The insulin tolerance test will be performed and insulin resistance will be calculated. For the comparative analysis of the ileal precursor cells differentiation into enteroendocrine cells among the two groups, the following intestinal fragments will be collected after euthanasia: interposed ileum and remaining ileum from GI, jejunum and ileum from GC. These fragments will be analyzed by imunofluorescence and also by Real Time PCR using PCR Arrays for target genes including the main ones related to stem cell, stem cell signaling, diabetes, Wnt and Notch signaling pathways and other genes and pathways involved in the differentiation of intestinal precursor cells into enteroendocrine cells, especially GLP-1-producing L cells that play important role in euglycemia
21 Tesla Rat Heart Magnetic Resonance Microimaging by Paramagnetic Anti-Troponin Bound Polyethylene Based Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles and Image Processing
No full text21T MR microimaging with the first use of troponin nanoparticles enhances the visualization of cardiac muscle fibers and offers technical advancement for the future. Diffusion weighting offers fiber tracking and functional analysis. Image processing offers heart probabilistic atlas and maps.

http://www.ismrm.org/10/program/ELECTRONICPOSTERS.ht
Isolated ileal interposition in enteroendocrine L cells differentiation
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: 
Due to the progressive nature of type 2 diabetes, its complexity and drug treatment perpetuity, there is currently a search for surgical procedures that can promote euglycemia also in non-obese patients. Diabetic patients glycemic control can be achieved by increasing the blood concentration of GLP-1, a hormone produced by L cells that are more densely concentrated in the terminal ileum. Early and extended improvement of diabetes in patients submitted to bariatric surgeries awakened the necessity of investigating the isolated ileal interposition as surgical alternative for the treatment of diabetes. The interposition of this ileal segment to a more anterior region (proximal jejunum) can promote a greater stimulation of the L cells by poorly digested food, increasing the production of GLP-1 and reflecting on glycemic control. However, in order to consolidate the ileal interposition as a surgical treatment of diabetes it is necessary that the interposed ileum keep the same differentiation rate into L cells for a long period to justify the intervention.
AIMS: To investigate the isolated ileal interposition influence on the differentiation of intestinal precursor cells into enteroendocrine L cells over time.

METHODS: 
Twelve 12-week-old male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) of the WAB strain (heterogeneous) will be used. All animals will receive a high-calorie, high-fat diet for 16 weeks or more until they develop glucose dysmetabolism confirmed by glycemic test. They will be divided into two groups of 10 animals each: the isolated ileal interposition group (GI) and the control group (GC), comprising animals that will not be submitted to any surgical intervention. Blood samples will be collected under anesthesia at the weeks 12, 26, 36 and 44 for the determination of serum levels of glucose, insulin, GLP-1, glucagon, C-peptide and glycosilated hemoglobin. The insulin tolerance test will be performed and insulin resistance will be calculated. For the comparative analysis of the ileal precursor cells differentiation into enteroendocrine cells among the two groups, the following intestinal fragments will be collected after euthanasia: interposed ileum and remaining ileum from GI, jejunum and ileum from GC. These fragments will be analyzed by imunofluorescence and also by Real Time PCR using PCR Arrays for target genes including the main ones related to stem cell, stem cell singnalling, diabetes, Wnt and Notch signaling pathways and other genes and pathways involved in the differentiation of intestinal precursor cells into enteroendocrine cells, especially GLP-1-producing L cells that play important role in euglycemia
Field Trial Experiment Of Artificial Diet On Tasar Silkworm, Anthereaea myltta D.
Get PDFAn indoor and outdoor experiment was conducted at Shyamsunderpur, Mayurbhanj, Odhisa to test the efficacy of the artificial diet, Tasar Amrit on the young aged Antheraea mylitta silkworm larvae. The results of the experiment reveal that survival and effective rate of rearing (ERR) was higher when larvae were brushed on Tasar Amrit (75 and 42.45%) in contrast to complete outdoor rearing (44 and 33.56 %). Uniform moulting was also observed in the larvae fed with Tasar Amrit
Assessment Of Response To Heart Failure Therapy: Ventricular Volume Changes Versus Shape Changes
Get PDFThe prolate ellipsoid left ventricular geometry is crucial for its unique contraction and relaxation patterns. Perturbations in optimal cardiac function preceding overt heart failure ensue when this ellipsoid shape assumes a more spherical configuration. This stage of spherical configuration, prior to overt dilatation, is when therapy should be intensified. The dynamic shape changes during the cardiac cycle of systole and diastole in valvular regurgitations when ventricular volumes are within normal range have proved that shape changes are clearly dissociated from volume changes in the early stages. In the scenario of advanced heart failure, several therapeutic interventions have been tried with variable success. These therapies aim at decreasing the ventricular equator, and hence its volume. However, the ventricular shape may still be spherical leading to suboptimal function. The aim in any therapy for heart failure should be therefore to achieve near normal left ventricular anatomy and physiology, with shape assessment as the surrogate marker of therapeutic success
Limitation of F1 hybrids uniformity law
Get PDFUsing isozymes as markers, data indicative of polymorphisms in the progeny produced from crossing two beet plants, homozygous on contrastive alleles of enzyme loci, were obtained
Determination of linkage disequilibrium region suggests association of the ancient haplotype, hX with neural function
Get PDFModern human populations are known to contain "ancient haplotypes" that originated from archaic humans by hybridization. Some of them had been reported before the development of human genomic diversity databases, such as HapMap. Consequently, some of them have no information about linkage disequilibrium (LD) regions. Because genetic information within LD is tightly linked, to know LD region containing ancient haplotypes will be useful to estimate basic parameters of admixture events, and to infer biological functions that linked with the ancient haplotypes. One of these ancient haplotypes, haplotype X (_hX_) was found in a 10.1 kb-region located on Xp11.22, which diverged at 1.4 M years ago, with low diversity within the cluster in gene genealogy and worldwide distribution in low frequency. We determined the LD region around the ancient haplotypes using LD information obtained in the HapMap project. The LD determination presents that the LD region surrounding the _hX_ is stable and contains genic regions that may associate with neural and brain functions
BRIF workshop working group.
No full textNumber of attendees, geographical origin of the group, skills and areas represented, tools developed to help the BRIF progress