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In-silico identification of potential antagonists for human Casein kinase II subunit alpha' (CK2α2)
No full textHuman CK2α2 is an enzyme that belongs to the Serine/Threonine protein kinase family which is involved in signal transduction. Over expression of CK2α2 causes kidney cancer therefore, human CK2α2 has been identified as a drug target for the development of potential antagonists against cancer therapy. The existing human CK2α2 inhibitors in clinical practice are having side effects like fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, anorexia and vomiting. High-throughput virtual screening is one of the most common method used to identify lead compounds was implemented in the present study to identify potential inhibitors of human CK2α2. The co-crystal structure of human CK2α2 was retrieved from the protein data bank. A 2D similarity search was performed for available five human CK2α2 inhibitors (Apigenin, VX680, Sunitinib, SUI4813 and CCK) taken from PDB and PubMed to acquire 1942 structural analogs. The 3D structural conversion and multiple confirmations for 1942 compounds were generated using LigPrep. The docking and scoring calculations were performed using Glide v5.7 which includes high throughput virtual screening (HTVS), Standard precision (SP) docking and extra precision (XP) docking. Obtained 39 leads were compared with docking scores of the existing inhibitors and proposed six leads having good binding affinity. The binding orientation of CK2α2-lead 1complex was correlating with native co-crystal structure. Hence, lead ‘1’ can be suggested as potent inhibitor against human CK2α2 involved in kidney cancer
A Quantitative Model for Human Olfactory Receptors
Get PDFA wide variety of chemicals having distinct odors are smelled by humans. Odor perception initiates in the nose, where it is detected by a large family of olfactory receptors (ORs). Based on divergence of evolutionary model a sequence of human ORs database has been proposed by D. Lancet et al (2000, 2006). It is quite impossible to infer whether a given sequence of nucleotides is a human OR or not, without any biological experimental validation. In our perspective, a proper quantitative understanding of these ORs is required to justify or nullify whether a given sequence is a human OR or not. In this paper, all human OR sequences have been quantified, and a set of clusters have been made using the quantitative results based on two different metrics. Using this proposed quantitative model, one can easily make probable justification or deterministic nullification whether a given sequence of nucleotides is a probable human OR homologue or not, without seeking any biological experiment. Of course a further biological experiment is essential to validate the probable human OR homologue
Lost in translation: Toward a formal model of multilevel, multiscale medicine
Get PDFFor a broad spectrum of low level cognitive regulatory and other biological phenomena, isolation from signal crosstalk between them requires more metabolic free energy than permitting correlation. This allows an evolutionary exaptation leading to dynamic global broadcasts of interacting physiological processes at multiple scales. The argument is similar to the well-studied exaptation of noise to trigger stochastic resonance amplification in physiological subsystems. Not only is the living state characterized by cognition at every scale and level of organization, but by multiple, shifting, tunable, cooperative larger scale broadcasts that link selected subsets of functional modules to address problems. This multilevel dynamical viewpoint has implications for initiatives in translational medicine that have followed the implosive collapse of pharmaceutical industry 'magic bullet' research. In short, failure to respond to the inherently multilevel, multiscale nature of human pathophysiology will doom translational medicine to a similar implosion
HTRIdb: an open-access database for experimentally verified human transcriptional regulation interactions
Get PDFBackground: The modeling of interactions among transcription factors (TFs) and their respective target genes (TGs) into transcriptional regulatory networks is important for the complete understanding of regulation of biological processes. In the case of human TF-TG interactions, there is no database at present that explicitly provides such information even though many databases containing human TF-TG interaction data have been available. In an effort to provide researchers with a repository of TF-TG interactions from which such interactions can be directly extracted, we present here the Human Transcriptional Regulation Interactions database (HTRIdb).
Description: The HTRIdb is an open-access database of experimentally validated interactions among human TFs and their TGs. HTRIdb can be searched via a user-friendly web interface and the retrieved TF-TG interactions data and the associated protein-protein interactions can be downloaded or interactively visualized as a network using the Cytoscape Web software. Moreover, users can improve the database quality by uploading their own interactions and indicating inconsistencies in the data. So far, HTRIdb has been populated with 283 TFs that regulate 11886 genes, totaling 18160 TF-TG interactions. HTRIdb is freely available at http://www.lbbc.ibb.unesp.br/htri.
Conclusions: HTRIdb is a powerful user-friendly tool from which human experimentally validated TF-TG interactions can be easily extracted and used to construct transcriptional regulation interaction networks enabling researchers to decipher the regulation of biological processes
Reduced glutathione and cysteine hydrochloride on crossbred bull semen
Get PDFOver the last few years, good quality freezable semen was not utilized effectively due to less knowledge about the freezability of semen. One reason is the lack of sufficient antioxidants in the seminal plasma and semen extender. The antioxidant content is reduced during the cryopreservation process and causes premature cryo-capacitation and modification of sperm membrane structure upon thawing. So the study of pre-freezing and post thaw seminal parameters like viability, motility, acrosomal integrity, lipid peroxide assay, vanguard distance traveled by sperm, mitochondrial membrane potential, velocity and motility parameters (CASA) and field fertility trial helped to assess the effectiveness of the additives. The conception rate was better in reduced glutathione than the cysteine hydrochloride treated group. The glutathione has improved the poor freezing and maintained the good freezable semen. Thus the field fertility rate was enhanced and in turn helped to prevent waste of good quality germplasm and repeat breeder syndrome in cows
Identification of transcription factor genes and their correlation with the high diversity of Stramenopiles
No full textIn this study we identify, and classify into families, transcription factors (TFs) and other transcriptional regulators (TRs) in genome sequences available from the Stramenopile group. For this we exploit the presence of protein domains and their combinations to build rules in the form of boolean rules, that are specific for each family of TFs and TRs. We found a correlation between the family size and some traits that has been described to be involved in the complexity of organisms. Furthermore, we found specific gains, losses and families that shows higher abundance in different lineages, which may be involved in the regulation of specific traits for some Stramenopile species
Biodegradable Luminescent Silicon Quantum Dots for Two Photon Imaging Applications
Get PDFCadmium- and lead-based quantum dots are normally coated for biological applications, because their degradation may result in the release of toxic heavy metal ions. Here, we synthesize silicon quantum dots that are expected to biodegrade to non-toxic products. A chitosan coating is used to render the silicon quantum dots stable in storage conditions and biodegradable at physiological conditions. The applications of these particles are demonstrated in cellular imaging with single and two-photon excitation. These results open the door for a new generation of silicon quantum dots that may have a wide variety of applications derived from the flexibility of chitosan
Highly Efficient Gene Expression in B Lymphocytes Mediating by Lentivirus Vector
Get PDFGene transduction and expression efficiencies among several type cell lines were compared by using vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) based lentivirus vector. Large discrepancies of the efficiencies were shown among them. B lymphocytes showed high susceptibility of gene transduction and expression, while other cell lines marked lower potential. Variable gene transduction strategies have been assessed to apply immunological therapies. This study showed that B lymphocytes had facilities enough to support the gene transduction and expression by lentivirus vector. Our result suggested that the lentivirus vector would be a powerful tool to express exogenous genes in B lymphocytes
In vitro shoot regeneration from cotyledon of redgram
No full textPigeonpea is one of the most popular legume grains in the world, especially in the Indian sub-continent. Keeping in view the importance of the crop, an efficient protocol for rapid in vitro plant regeneration from cotyledon of redgram has been reported in this paper. The concentraion of the hormones played an important role in shoot and root regeneration
Endoscopy
Get PDFEndoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic medical procedure that is used to assess the interior surfaces of an organ by inserting a tube into the body. The instrument may have a rigid or flexible tube and not only provide an image for visual inspection and photography, but also enable taking biopsies and retrieval of foreign objects. Endoscopy is the vehicle for minimally invasive surgery and patients may receive conscious sedation so they do not have to be consciously aware of the discomfort. Many endoscopic procedures are considered to be relatively painless and, at worst, associated with moderate discomfort