Journal of Applied Geology
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Removal of mercury (Hg) from contaminated water at traditional gold mining area in Central Kalimantan
No full textThere are many traditional gold mining and processing in Murung Raya Regency, Central Kalimantan. The processing of gold mostly uses mercury (Hg) and produces a lot of waste water. It just throws to the river without any treatment. Therefore the concentration of mercury (Hg) in the river water is over than the standard of drinking water and reach up to 0.346 mg dm-3. This situation is very dangerous because almost of the people in the downstream area depend on the river water for their daily purposes. To solve this problem, tuff from local material was used to remove mercury using batch experiment. The result showed that tuff has capability to remove mercury in the significant amount. The main mechanism of mercury removal by tuff is cation exchange processes due to high surface area of tuff. The result of this study can be used as an alternative for waste water treatment in mining area.
Keywords: Traditional mining, mercury removal, tuf
Kinetic And Equilibrium Studies On The Adsorption Of Pb2+ And Zn2+ From Aqueous Solution Using Coco-Peat By Batch Experiment
Get PDFThe presence of heavy metals in surface water, which is common in mining area pose harmful effect to human health and the environment. Recently, cocopeat has been studied as an effective sorbent material for removing heavy metals from wastewater. In this study, kinetic was done by analyzing the distribution of the heavy metal in sorbent material and liquid phase after mixing 50 mg/L solution of lead (Pb2+) and zinc (Zn2+)in single solute system with 0.1 g of coco-peat, that were consequently shaken at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 360 minutes. To determine the equilibrium adsorption isotherm for each heavy metal, the solutions of 10, 20, 30,40 and 50 mg/L of Pb2+ and Zn2+ were prepared separately. Two different pH levels (natural pH, and pH 4) were setto describe the sorption behavior of Pb2+ and Zn2+ of each heavy metal.Using data from batch experiments, appropriate kinetic (time dependency) and equilibrium (isotherm) models were fitted on the sorbent material and liquid phase concentrations to determine adsorption parameters. Pseudo second-order kinetic model fitted well to the kinetic data due to chemisorption that happened during experiments. In other hand, Langmuir model fitted well to the equilibrium, this indicates that the sorption of lead and zinc on coco peat is monolayer and that the adsorbent’s surface is homogenous. The increase of heavy metals adsorption following the increase of pH might be due to negative charge of coco peat surface. Pb2+ adsorbed more than Zn2+ because ion with high hydration enthalpy will have smaller amount of ion adsorbed. The hydration enthalpies for Pb2+ and Zn2+ are 23 kJ/kg and 113 kJ/kg, receptively. Considering all the factors that we have discussed, cocopeat has high efficiency to remove the heavy metals from wastewater. Keywords: Coco-peat, adsorption, batch experiment, kinetic, equilibrium
HIGH SULFIDATION EPITHERMAL MINERALIZATION AND ORE MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES OF CIJULANG PROSPECT, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Get PDFCijulang is a high-sulfidation epithermal system hosted in the calc-alkaline rocks of andesite lava and lapilli tuff. Mineralization in the prospect is characterized by pyrite-enargite-gold and associated acid sulfate alteration. Studies on ore and gangue mineral assemblages and their mutual textural relationships were carried out in order to explore the paragenetic sequence of mineralization. Hypogene mineralization primarily occurs in the silicic core and the advanced argillic zone in the form of massive replacement, fracture-filling veinlets, vug-filling, patches and dissemination. Mineralization is apparently controlled by both lithology and structures. Common ore minerals include pyrite, enargite, luzonite, tennantite, chalcopyrite, covellite, galena, emplectite and Te-bearing minerals. The paragenetic study indicates that the epithermal prospect evolved from an early stage of intense acid leaching resulting in the formation of vuggy silica and advantage argillic mineral assemblage which was followed by the sulfides deposition. Two metal stages were identified during ore deposition: an early Fe-As-S stage and the later Cu-Fe-As-S stage. The former stage is char- acterized high-sulfidation state sulfides such as enargite/ luzonite+covellite whereas a later stage of Cu- Fe-As–S is represented by intermediate sulfidation state sulfides assemblage of tennantite+chalcopyrite. Gold is probably introduced in the early stage within the ore system and more abundant in the late stage. Keywords: Cijulang, high-sulfidation, acid sulfate, mineralization, enargite, paragenetic, metal stage
THE OCCURRENCE OF PALAEOZOIC CONGLOMERATIC ROCKS IN EAST JOHOR, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Get PDFConglomeratic rocks in East Johor are found in the separately three formations that are the Murau, Tanjung Leman and Linggiu Formations. The Murau Formation is characterized by cobble to boulder grained breccia with very angular to angular and disorganized clasts. It was deposited by fan-delta system in the sub-aerial to shallow marine environment. The Tanjung Leman Formation consists of pebble to cobble grained conglomerate with rounded to subrounded and organized clasts. It was deposited by braided river system in the sub-aerial environment. Both formations outcropped in eastern coastal of Johor. The rudaceous rocks of the Linggiu Formation consist of pebble to cobble-sized clasts with sub angular and disorganized texture. It present as subordinate rocks within sandstone dominant in the central part of East Johor and was deposited by debris flows in the shallow marine environment. All these rudaceous rocks were interpreted as Palaeozoic in age ranging from Late Carboniferous to Late Permian. Those rudaceous rocks indicated that since Late Carboniferous, palaeogeography of East Johor was a continent with subaerial to shallow marine depositional environment.
Keywords: Conglomerate, Palaeozoic, East Johor, subaerial, shallow marine
APPLICATION OF PFC 3D FOR SLOPE MOVEMENT ON COLLUVIAL SOIL
Get PDFIn the mountainous area of the tropics, soil creep often occurs on residual soil and colluvial deposit. The rate of this phenomenon varies from very slow to extremely slow and is difficult to detect without equipment as well as model. Within PFC3D (Particle Flow Code in three dimensions) granular materials such as soils are simulated by balls. And the PFC3D model was applied for colluvial soil creep. Although existing of some limitations, this application determined direction of creeping as well as zone of creeping of culluvial soil
Adsorption of heavy metal by natural clayey soil
Get PDFThis study focused on the capability of Clayey soil to retain and release heavy metals. Batch experiment for sample of clayey soil was conducted with several concentrated solutions of heavy metals. The results show that the clayey soil sample may have a relatively high heavy metal retention capacity. This is particularly positive in the context of municipal waste disposal (landfills) in Indonesia
Keywords: Adsorption, heavy metal, clayey soil, batch experimen
Copper Mobility Assessment Using Speciation Schemes: Case Study–Mantrijeron District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFfactors such physical and chemical properties, especially mineralogical composition of such environment. This study focused on the mineralogical of two soils types (fine sandy loam and loamy fine sand) to retain/mobile Cu. Two non contaminated soils from Yogyakarta urban area, Indonesia, were artificially contaminated with Cu solution. Subsequently, soils artificially contaminated were extracted from various geochemical phases of soil by sequential extraction procedure. The results show that both of soils types can retain Cu well with maximum is 5.8 mg/g of loamy fine sand and 3.9mg/g of fine sandy loam. Additionally, the iron amorphous phase content in clay fraction is influence Cu retains in these soils. This is advantage in environment of Yogyakarta urban area, Indonesia, where this area underlain by loamy sand soil. Keywords: Copper, mobility, iron, sequential extraction
METAMORPHIC EVOLUTION OF GARNET–BIOTITE–MUSCOVITE SCHIST FROM BARRU COMPLEX IN SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Get PDFThis paper explains the first report in metamorphic evolution of pelitic schist from Barru Complex in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Garnet-biotitemuscovite schist was examined petrologically to assess the metamorphic evolution history, which has implications on tectonic condition of this region. The rock mainly composed of garnet, biotite, muscovite, epidote, quartz, rutile, hematite, and plagioclase. Inclusions in the garnet preserve records of prograde stage of this rock, which are epidote, titanite, quartz, and apatite. Garnet, biotite, muscovite, quartz, rutile, and plagioclase are concluded as equilibrium assemblages at peak P-T condition of this rock, which estimated at 501–562 ºC and 0.89–0.97 GPa. The result is still on the ranges of the estimated geothermal gradient P-T path of eclogite from Bantimala Complex. Similar geothermal gradients of metamorphisms might be indicated that these metamorphic rocks were metamorphosed on the similar tectonic environments. Keywords: Pelitic schist, Barru Complex, South Sulawesi, metamorphic evolution
Bio-geochemical simulation for solute transport in Piyungan landfill, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia
Get PDFPiyungan Landfill is the largest in Bantul Regency. According to water quality sampling taken from a leachate pond, there are significant contaminant issues resulting from landfill leachate. The objectives of this research were achieved by applying a two-dimensional bacteria mediated reduction numerical model was applied. Method of characteristic was applied to solve the advection part of the solute transport equation. Three bacteria (X1, X2, and X3) groups were defined in the redox model. In the conceptual model, bacterial X1 utilizes oxygen under aerobic conditions and nitrate, NO-3 under aerobic conditions as electron acceptors. Consequently, under aerobic conditions bacteria X2, and X3 utilize MnO2, and Fe(OH)3 respectively as electron acceptors. In the redox model organic carbon which was defined as CH2O was considered as the electron donor for all bacteria mediated reduction reactions. The results of research are to improve the understanding of biogeochemical processes in aquifer
Geology and characteristics of Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag skarn deposit at Ruwai, Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan
Get PDFThis study is dealing with geology and characteristics of mineralogy, geochemistry and physicochemical conditions of hydrothermal fluid responsible for the formation of skarn Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag deposit at Ruwai, Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan. The formation of Ruwai skarn is genetically associated with calcareous rocks consisting of limestone and siltstone (derived from marl?) and controlled by NNE-SSW-trending strike slip faults and localized along N 70° E-trending thrust fault, which also acts as contact zone between sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the area. Ruwai skarn is mineralogically characterized by prograde alteration (garnet and clino-pyroxene) and retrograde alteration (epidote, chlorite, calcite and sericite). Ore mineralization is characterized by sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and Ag-sulphides (particularly acanthite and argentite), which formed at early retrograde stage. Geochemically, SiO2 is enriched and CaO is depleted in limestone, consistent with silicic alteration (quartz and calc-silicate) and decarbonatization of the wallrock. The measured reserves of the deposit are 2,297,185 tonnes at average grades of 14.98 % Zn, 6.44 % Pb, 2.49 % Cu and 370.87 g/t Ag. Ruwai skarn orebody originated at moderate temperature of 250-266 °C and low salinity of 0.3-0.5 wt.% NaCl eq. The late retrograde stage formed at low temperature of 190-220 °C and low salinity of ~0.35 wt.% NaCl eq., which was influenced by meteoric water incursion at the late stage of the Ruwai Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag skarn formation.
Keywords: Geology, skarn, mineralogy, geochemistry, Ruwai, Central Kalimanta