Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Mekanisasi Pengaduk Adonan Bahan Baku Wingko Babat Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Produktivitas dan Kualitas Produk
Get PDFOne of the typical food souvenir of Semarang City is wingko babat. This food is much hunted by the tourists both local and foreign. The production process of the wingko babat includes the preparation of raw material dough, molding, cooking, cooling and packaging. The process of making raw material dough is still manual that is using human power so it takes a long time. As a result the production process of wingko babat become inefficient. The quality of wingko babat produced is also not good, unhygienic, the tenderness of the dough is not homogeneous, the texture of wingko looks rough and requires a lot of labor. Consequently, consumer interest also declined. This constraint can be overcome by improving the dough making system of raw material wingko babat that is by changing the process of making the dough from the manual to the modern way that is by mechanization of dough mixer equipment. This equipment consists of six main parts: (1) mixing bath, (2) mixer, (3) as, (4) mounting table, (5) driving motor, and (6) speed regulator. The result of this mixer application shows the process of making the dough faster. This results in an increase in the quantity and quality of production. Production capacity increased 40% per day. Production turnover rose to almost 33% and UKM profits increased almost 1.5-fold due to rising production levels. The quality of the wingko babat product produced also increases. The texture of the product becomes soft so it attracts consumers. Increased productivity can meet market demand especially in tourist season
Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Kelapa Sawit dalam Pengolahan Palm Oil Mill Effluent dengan Metode Pretreatment Sodium Hidroksida
Get PDFPOME, an oily wastewater generated by palm oil processing mills which 1 ton of palm oil fruit bunch produces 100-450 kg of POME (from sterilization, clarification, and hydrocyclone discharges). POME contains 0.6-0.7% oil and grease which has to be treated firstly before discharged. Experiments consist of two stages which are pretreatment and adsorption process. They were carried out to find out effect of pretreatment solution concentration and adsorbent dosage toward percentage of yield. From 1 ton of palm oil fruit bunch as much as 65 kg palm kernel shells are usually produced which can be used to adsorb oil in POME. Pretreatment process was done by soaked the adsorbent using 1, 1.5, and 2.5 M sodium hydroxide solutions. In the adsorption process, 100 ml oil solution with concentration of 6000 ppm was added whereas the dosages of adsorbent varied as follow 2, 3, and 4 gram and was done in batch, room temperature, -10+20 mesh, 40 minutes contact time, and 200 rpm stirring rate with analysis including: the yield of oil adsorbed on adsorbent (percentage of yield) and moisture content. The result showed that pretreatment using sodium hydroxide solution has decreased the oil content in POME up to 73.9% (w/w)
Membran Kitosan Sebagai Adsorben Logam Besi (Fe) pada Air Sumur di Lingkungan Teknik Kimia UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
Get PDFWell water in Chemical Engineering of UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta area physically looks yellow and smells iron. The result of the analysis showed that Fe content in well water was 1.289 ppm, so it hadn’t met the standard of quality yet. Chitosan is a natural polymer containing amine and hydroxyl groups that can absorb heavy metals such as Fe. The effectiveness of using chitosan can be increased by modification into a membran. The chitosan membran is expected to increase the absorption capacity because it is semipermeable, which can hold larger specimens of membran pore size. The chitosan membran is made by dissolving chitosan powder into acetic acid and printed in a 9 cm diameter petri dish. Relatively good membran characteristic was obtained on 7 grams of chitosan and 200 mL of 1% acetic acid. It was obtained the swelling value is 73,27%, the voltage is 40,55 Mpa and the strain is 4,23%. The detected membran has a pore size in the range of 0.8-3.0 μm and the average flux value is 3.3715 L/m2.min so it is a nanofiltration membran. The test of chitosan membran as an adsorbent showed the increasing of absorption of Fe metal and other metals that is Mn, Pb, Zn, and Cr6+ equals to 33,89%. Relatively good result is obtained at 30 minutes of adsorption with Fe content equals to 0,97 ppm and including water class II
Selectivity of Leaching From Kulonprogo’s Lowgrade Manganese Ore with Organic Acid : Oxalic Acid, Acetic Acid and Citric Acid
Get PDFManganese is one of important metal for many sector of many industries such as steel industries, chemical industries, battery industry and many other. Natural resources of manganese ore are decrease in order that many industries try to take manganese from lowgrade manganese ore but they cannot find the effective procedure. Leaching is a hydrometallurgical process which is an effective metal extraction from low grade metal sources with low processing cost and relatively low pollutants in order that solvent which used in this study was organic acid to reduce pollutants of this process. In this study, selectivity from leaching result from kulonprogo’s lowgrade manganese ore with organic acid such as oxalic acid, acetic acid and citric acid were investigated. It was determined that acetic acid was more selective with mangan metal about 76,08 % than other acid whereas oxalic acid was more selective with iron metal about 43,21 % than other acid whereas citric acid was more selective with calcium metal than other acid about 54,96 %. This study in same condition operation such as pH, Temperature, particle size, solid-liquid ratio and stirring speed.
Swelling/ Extraction Test of Carbon Dioxide Injection on Dead Oil Field Structure X for Phase Behavior Study
Get PDFAt present, most of Indonesia\u27s oil field production has decreased significantly. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the EOR gas injection method that has been proven to improve oil recovery factor especially in sub-tropical countries such as America and Canada whose average reservoir has low temperature at the highest temperature range of 135oF. On the other hand, Indonesia is a country with abundant sources of CO2, especially from the oil and gas industry and the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) with fuel oil/ coal, has not been optimally utilized. In this study we studied the phase behavior of CO2 injection effect on Indonesian oil which has a high average temperature reaching 275oF (135oC). Basically it is known that CO2 is increasingly difficult to mix with oil at higher temperatures. If CO2 is injected below the minimum miscible pressure (MMP) at the reservoir temperature, the oil recovery efficiency will decrease as the miscibility is not achieved. It is expected that the process of oil recovery may occur under conditions between immiscible and miscible processes. The CO2 injection experiments were carried out on X field stock tank oil, which according to the EOR screening results were suitable using CO2 EOR. The experiment was conducted using PERTAMINA’s Visual PVT & Swelling Test equipment on various of CO2 injection and pressure on stock tank oil at 135oC. The experimental results show the swelling of oil on various CO2 injections and pressures but extraction has not been reached yet. This showed that only CO2 is miscible into the oil phase and changes the properties of the oil. The miscibility process of CO2 into the oil phase can decrease the viscosity of the oil, impacting on oil mobility to improve the oil recovery factor. However CO2 is not able to extract the oil into the gas phase due to technical difficulties thus it may not be defined at this point
Teh Hijau Dari Daun Ashitaba: Aktifitas Antioksidan dan Mutusensori
Get PDFAshitaba plant (Angelica keiskei) is a plant originated from Hachijo Island,Japan that grows in barren, rocky, and sandy areas. Ashitaba has a high antioxidant content, especially on the leaves. Leaves ashitaba fresh cannot be kept in a long time so better processed to be a powder so that the benefits of of leaves can be felt in a long time. For that, we made research covered the manufacture of green tea ashitaba with treat the withering early stage use 36oC temperature. After a process of withering, leaves ashitaba dried with a variable the temperature of the drying up of 60oC, 70oC and 80oC. The main research results obtained temperature 60°C is the best based on drying curve and organoleptic analysis. Based on organoleptic analysis, ashitaba green tea products after brewing display color dark green slightly yellow, emit an aroma and give sense like typical of fresh ashitaba leaves and has a fine texture and powder shaped. While based on antioxidant analysis, obtained EC50 extract fresh ashitaba leaves is 12.750 ppm and green tea powder is 23.528 ppm, where the antioxidant power is very strong because value of EC50 less than 50 ppm
Synthesis Nanochitosan: The Effect of Acid Formic and Tripolyphosphate Concentration to Diameter and Polydispersity Index of Nanochitosan Particles
Get PDFChitosan nanoparticles were made using acid solvents(formic acid) andcrosslinking agents (tripolyphosphate) by ionic gelation. This method based on electrostatic interactions between the cations of the chitosan amine group and the polyanion of the crosslinking agent. Nanochitosan were prepared by using formic acid solvents (26, 32, and 36 mmol) and tripolyphosphate crosslinking agents (1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mmol) with 3% (w/v) chitosan . The samples characterization using PSA (Particle Size Analyzer). The nanochitosan has particles size 36.24 – 212.12 nm. It can used for antimicrobial agents in food packaging, drug delivery, and adsorp the metals in water treatment. Chitosan nanoparticles having small particle diameters and low polydispersity indexes can only be obtained if the use of acid format concentration is inversely proportional to the concentration of the tripolyphosphate crosslinking agent.
Pengaruh Suhu Dan Komposisi Minyak Jagung Pada Pembuatan Lilin Klowong Terhadap Pewarnaan Batik
Get PDFBatik is one of the most highly developed Indonesian art forms that had been designated by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of oral and intangible Heritage of Humanity. It uses techniques of wax resist dyeing applied to the whole cloth and can be made by using canting or printing.Once the design applied on the cloth, then it is ready to be waxed and the staining of the batik cloth depends on the quality of the wax. Therefore, batik wax is considered as the main material to make batik, especially for handmade batik in which the pattern and carve applied directly by the artisans. Vegetable oil is to improvement viscosity level in liquidity of batik waxes and to knowing the effect of the dyed batik.This research aims to knowing the composition of the required yellow paraffin waxes batik and to knowing the effect of the composition of the yellow paraffin dyed batik. This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods with material measurement techniques, and test a questionnaire to evaluate the response of the respondents to the sharpness of the color produced. In the process of making batik wax, the composition of the materials used are Lilin tawon, damar mata kucing, gondorukem, yellow parafin, and vegetable oils. In this research, yellow paraffin as an independent variable with variations in different compositions (10 g, 15 g, 20 g and 25 g). To test the composition of the wax batik then made 4 different samples, each sample has a different composition yellow paraffin. To view a sample of the batik conducted several tests, including testing the sharpness of color, smearing of colors, as well as washing with soap, while the qualitative testing done by kuisioer to test visually, from the test results of samples both quantitative and qualitative data show that the results of batik using sample C gives better results than other samples
Catalytic Conversion Liquid Ethanol to Diethyl Ether Using CuO-ZnO/γ-Alumina Catalysts in Batch Reactor
Get PDFDiethyl Ether is a clear flammable liquid, has a unique odor, has low boiling point (38 C), has low solubility in the water, able to be used as solvent for various organic material and an alternate for fuel. Diethyl Ether can be produced by dehydration reaction of ethanol with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. However, the use of sulfuric acid as a catalyst has a weakness. The weakness is the difficulty to separate the product and the catalyst. That weakness can be solved by the use of solid catalysts. The solid catalysts are CuO, ZnO and gamma alumina that mixed together. This experiment uses absolute ethanol as feed. This experiment will find the realtion between the time and pressure operation with % conversion and %yield. The fixed variables are the temperature (45 C), the mass of catalyst (10 gram) and the volume (400 mL). The product is analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). The result from the experiment is the the higher pressure operation the lower % conversion and % yield. It is caused the higher pressure operation, the more difficult dehydration reaction occured. Meanwhile, the longer time the higher % conversion and % yield at 2 and 2,5 bar. This increse is caused by the longer time, the more ethanol reacted. In other hand, there is a decreasing of % conversion and % yield at 3 and 3,5 bar. The decreasing occur after 30 minutes (3 bar) and 20 minutes (3,5 bar). The decreasing is caused by the high of the pressure operation. The best operation condition from this experiment is at 2 bar and 40 minutes with 18,4 % conversion and % yield
Kajian Awal Sintesis Senyawa Bio-hidrokarbon Dari Sorbitol Dengan Menggunakan Asam Format Sebagai Reduktor
Get PDFSorbitol (C6H14O6) is a sugar alcohol which can be synthesized from cellulose, have similar structure with hexane (C6H14). By eliminate the oxygen content in sorbitol, bio-hexane and heavier hydrocarbons can be obtained. The objective of this research is to observe the effect of temperature and reaction time to the yield of bio-hydrocarbons and to study the regeneration of iodine (I2) to hydro-iodic acid (HI) process using formic acid (HCOOH) as a reducing agent. The bio-hydrocarbon synthesis process from sorbitol consisted of two main processes, namely synthesis of 2-iodohexane and de-iodization of 2-iodohexane. The synthesis of 2-iodohexane process was conducted with reflux system, at varied temperature (90oC and 120oC) for 2 and 6 hours with HI: Sorbitol mole ratio 2:1. Formic acid as reducing agent was gradually added during the 2-iodohexane synthesis process to regenerate the iodine to hydro-iodic acid. De-iodization of 2-iodohexane process was conducted with gas phases pyrolysis at varied temperature (260oC and 270oC) for 30 and 45 minutes. The product of 2-iodohexane synthesis process was analyzed using HPLC while the product of de-iodization of 2-iodohexane process was analyzed qualitatively by FTIR and quantitatively by gravimetric analysis method