Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Catalytic Pyrolysis of Impregnated Citronella Biomass Using Boric Acid to Produce Furfural
Full text linkCitronella oil residue is one of the abundant lignocellulosic biomass wastes which has the potential to be converted into useful products through pyrolysis process. One of the useful products that can be produced from this residue is furfural compounds. Previous research has shown that furfural can be produced through the pyrolysis mechanism of lignocellulosic biomass. However, the amount of furfural compounds obtained is still relatively low. Therefore, in this study a research is carried out regarding catalytic pyrolysis process through impregnation method of biomass using boric acid as catalyst to produce furfural compounds with variation of catalyst ratio (0, 0.1, 0.3) and pyrolysis temperature (450 oC, 500 oC, 550 oC) to determine the optimal conditions for furfural production. Using GC-MS analysis, results were obtained which indicated the role of boric acid impregnation in increasing and maximizing the yield of furfural products. The optimal conditions for furfural production were obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 550 oC and the use of a boric acid catalyst with a ratio of 0.1, whereby the yield of furfural compounds by GCMS analysis was 19.17% area
Pengaruh penambahan Ekstrak Biji Kelor sebagai Antioksidan Masker Gel peel off
Full text linkCompounds called antioxidants are particularly beneficial to human health. Antioxidant substances are frequently utilized as free radicals because they can prevent the growth of oxidation reactions. Because of their high antioxidant content, moringa seeds produce oil that is resistant to rancidity and does not easily oxidize. The peel-off gel mask formulation in this investigation included Moringa seed oil extract as a source of natural components. The goal of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of a peel-off gel mask preparation made from Moringa seed oil extract. Maceration extraction is the technique used for extraction, and DPPH is the technique used to test for antioxidants. The results showed that the sample with a solvent volume of 450 ml had the best yield (34.64%), and the antioxidant activity of the extract of Moringa seed oil was measured at 256.89 g/ml with an average pH of 5.79. The Moringa seed oil extract peel-off gel mask has the attributes of being white, thick, and smelling like moringa seeds. The peel-off gel mask gets thicker the more Moringa seed oil extract there is in it. This study establishes the potential of using Moringa seed oil extract in peel-off gel mask formulations extract in peel-off gel mask formulations
Sintesis Copper-Nanoparticles dari Limbah Leaching Kalkopirit Sebagai Zat Antibakteri dengan Metode Reduksi
Full text linkNanoparticle technology has been widely used in various industries because of its advantages in particle size control systems. One example of the use of nanoparticle technology is copper nanoparticles as an antibacterial material. This research focuses on the utilization of leaching waste as a material for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. The synthesis of copper nanoparticles was carried out by chemical reduction method between chalcopyrite stone leaching waste namely CuSO4 as precursor, Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) as surfactant and NaBH4 reducing agent. The synthesized material will be analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Furthermore, the particle size will be estimated using PSA and its antibacterial properties will be analyzed using the well diffusion method by looking at the effectiveness of the inhibitory power against Escherichia coli FNCC 0049 and Staphylococcus bacteria aureus FNCC 0047. The results of the synthesis obtained the smallest size of 235.7 nm from the ratio of precursor concentration, reducing agent concentration and, a surfactant concentration of 1:20:8. The results of the synthesis of copper nanoparticles with concentrations of 10.000 ppm showed the presence of inhibitory power to overcome Escherichia coli FNCC 0049 and Staphylococcus bacteria aureus FNCC 0047
Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Debit Air (QL) dan Debit Gas (QG) terhadap Koefisien Transfer Oksigen (KLa) pada Performa Microbubble Generator
Full text linkThe domestic wastewater treatment plant is usually installed using anaerobic system which has the disadvantage for low conversion process and large volume required. While the effectiveness of aerobic system can be increased by high consumption of energy to supply the oxygen. This study investigates the performance of Microbubble Generator (MBG) for wastewater treatment. The MBG utilizes the hydrodinamics of wastewater flow in the nozzle to provide energy-saving aeration. In this study, the clean water non-steady state test method was selected to find the overall oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa). The experiment was conducted by increasing the concentration of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) using MBG installed with submersible pump (water discharge, QL=80 l/min) and variations of gas discharge (QG) (0.15 l/min and 0.30 l/min). The KLa average results on QL 80 l/min at QG 0.15 l/min showed 0.01996/min and at QG 0.30 l/min showed 0.02564/min. These results indicate that the greater gas discharge (QG) can produce a greater KLa value. This happens because the more air is injected into the water and forms into micro-sized bubbles, the greater the rate of transfer oxygen to the liquid phase
Sintesis dan Karaterisasi CuO/rGO
Full text linkSemiconductor material is a material that is widely used in the chemical industry, especially as a photocatalyst. CuO is a semiconductor material that is active in the visible light range. Semiconductor materials can undergo recombination, rGO was used as a composite material into CuO to reduce recombination in this study. This study aims to look at the characteristics of the synthesized CuO/rGO. The processes performed include synthesis of CuO/rGO and characterization of CuO/rGO. The XRD results show the peaks of the diffractogram indicating of rGO peaks interpreted (002), peaks at (110), (-111), (111), (-202), (020), (202), (-113), (- 331), (220), (311) and (004) indicate the monoclinic phase of CuO has been formed. FTIR results indicating Cu-OH absorption show peak at wave numbers 3441.0 cm-1 and 894.97 cm-1, O-C-O vibrations present in CuO/rGO indicating adsorption at 2360.8 cm-1, 1975.1 and 1512 .1 cm-1 appears due to the C=C stretching vibrations in the rGO layer, 1033.8 cm-1 absorbs C-O stretching vibrations and 609.51 and 439.77 cm-1 have relative peaks indicating Cu-O stretching vibrations. The DRS results show that CuO/rGO has band gap value of 1.54 eV
Pengolahan Limbah Warna DYA Industri Pencelupan Tekstil dengan Teknologi UV / H2O2/ TiO2
Full text linkTextile wastewater often contains non-biodegradable as well as toxic dyes, for example Dianix Yellow Ace (DYA). One possible destructive method of treating such waste treatment is the Advance Oxidation Processes (AOPs), in which the oxidation of organic compounds by potent hydroxyl radicals (● OH) occurs. This research had a novelty of combining UV / H2O2 with UV / TiO2 to study the effect of treatment process’ variables, i.e. [H2O2], [TiO2] and initial pH on the rate of degradation as well as the ratio of BOD / COD until biodegradability threshold was reached. This research employed a Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design technique that used factorial design and included center points as well as axial points for better accuracy and understanding of the process. CCD helped create a response surface model for optimization and prediction. The variations were the concentration of H2O2 between 0.01 - 1.00 %w, TiO2 concentrations ranging from 0.80 to 3.00 g.L-1 and initial pH between 1 - 11. The order and reaction rate constants were also determined by measuring the DYA concentrations using a spectrophotometer. The optimum condition for DYA degradation was found at pH 3, 0.2% H2O2 and [TiO2] 3 g.L-1 with a pseudo first-order rate constant of 0.0524 min-1. UV irradiation around 75 minutes resulted in DYA removal of 99%. The wastewater fell into the biodegradable limit after 60 minutes treatment, with a value of BOD / COD ratio was 0.1029 so that the wastewater became biodegradable to be further treated by much cheaper biological method
Pengaruh Massa Bioadsorben dari Klobot Jagung Terhadap Penurunan Kandungan Asam Lemak Bebas (FFA), Nilai Peroksida (PV) dan Tingkat Warna Dalam Minyak Sawit Mentah (CPO)
Full text linkIndonesia as an agricultural country, produces many agricultural products. In addition to agricultural products, agricultural waste is also generated throughout the year. This agricultural waste is still underutilized. One of the efforts to utilize agricultural waste is to process agricultural waste into bioadsorbent. This study aims to study the effect of the mass of bioadsorbent from agricultural waste, namely corn husks on reducing levels of free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and color in crude palm oil (CPO). Clean corn husks are then mashed, after which it is reacted with NaOH to remove the lignin content and neutralized with HCl, so that a bioadsorbent is obtained. Crude palm oil is heated to 80 oC, then mixed with 2 to 10 grams of bioadsorbent according to the variables used. The mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for one hour, and the temperature was maintained at 80 oC. After the adsorption process is complete, the mixture is filtered using a vacuum pump and the filtrate is taken. The filtrate obtained was analyzed for free fatty acid content, peroxide value and color. The research resulted in the more mass of bioadsorbent used, the greater the decrease in free fatty acid levels, peroxide value and color. Using 10 g of bioadsorbent can reduce FFA levels by 41.29%, reduce PV values by 54.96% and reduce color absorbance by 29.06%
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Tepung Bonggol Pisang Termodifikasi dengan Metode Enzimatis sebagai Bahan Substitusi pada Pembuatan Mi Basah
Full text linkThe banana tuber contains high carbohydrates, but it is still rarely used because of the brown color of the flour due to heating. To cover this deficiency, modification with α-amylase enzyme was carried out. The purpose of this study was to obtain a suitable formulation for the manufacture of wet noodles that meet the requirements of SNI quality standards. The treatment variation made was the ratio of 3 tapioca: 9 banana tuber: 48 wheat (80% wheat), 3 tapioca: 6 banana tuber: 21 wheat (70% wheat), 3 tapioca: 5 banana tuber: 12 wheat (60% wheat). The variation of α-amylase enzyme used was 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% with 0% as the control variable. Organoleptic test to determine the most preferred noodle variation. The test parameters were color, aroma and texture. The results showed that the best quality with color and aroma wet noodles were obtained from a combination of 60% with 40% α-amylase enzyme concentration ratio. As the texture parameters were obtained from a combination of 60% wheat with 10% α-amylase enzyme concentration ratio. The results showed that the moisture content of wet noodles had met the SNI 2987:2015 standard, which is below 65%
Sintesis Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah dengan Katalis K2CO3/y-Al2O3
Full text linkBiodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative fuels. The price of biodiesel is still relatively expensive due to the high price of raw materials. Thus, cheaper raw materials such as used cooking oils can be used. Used cooking oils can be used to produce biodiesel by transesterification reaction using alcohol and catalyst. The effect of temperature on the conversion was studied in this research. The research was carried out in batch at various temperatures of 45, 55 and 65 oC by reacting used cooking oil and bioethanol with catalyst K2CO3/γ-Al2O3. The ratio of used cooking oil and bioethanol is 1:9 and the concentration of catalyst is 3%. The reaction was run for 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, then the biodiesel was separated from the catalyst and glycerol. Furthermore, the biodiesel samples were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the alkyl ester content. The result showed that the highest conversion was 86.39% at 65oC. The biodiesel product complies with SNI 7182:2015, with a density of 871.7 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity of 4.82 mm2/s, flash point of 176oC, cloud point of 9oC, copper plate corrosion number 1, acid number 0.39 mg-KOH/g, total glycerol 0.16%, and ester content 98.3%
Demineralisasi Batubara Berkadar Abu Tinggi dengan Leaching Menggunakan Alkali
Full text linkThe study was comdustred on the demineralization of Jambi coal with high ash content as an effort to improve quality. The coal selected first crushed to -80 + 115 mesh. Demineralization was carried out using leacjing process with NaOH 20, 25, and 30% (%weight). The best parameter was used in subsequent leaching process to determine the effect of temperature of 50, 70, 90oC. The result showed that the percentage of demineralization increased with increasing demineralization reduction 34