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Nothing Sacred? Not Quite: Krzysztof Hejwowski as a Critic and Self-critic
No full textKrzysztof Hejwowski was one of the most eminent translation studies scholars and translators in Poland. Working within the paradigm of cognitive linguistics, he left a legacy embracing a host of articles and three books in which he formulated his theory of translation based on a communicative and cognitive approach to language. While working on his theory, he both subscribed to and challenged the views of other scholars, depending on their theoretical validity, practical pertinence, and lucidity, thus demonstrating his theoretically and practically-oriented attitude to scholarship. Nevertheless, he was not a rebel in the field or an iconoclast who criticized other scholars for the sake of criticism. Rather, he was critical of the ways in which the discipline was developing at the turn of the twenty-first century and searched for a more balanced approach to the theory and practice of translation. Striving for clarity and applicability of his propositions, he also continuously developed his ideas. The aim of this essay it to present some of those theoretical approaches and formulations that he disagreed with as evidenced mostly in his 2004 book Translation: A Cognitive-Communicative Approach. Additionally, his 2015 book Iluzja przekładu. Przekładoznawstwo w ujęciu konstruktywnym will serve to demonstrate how he self-corrected some of his [email protected] Kujawska-Lis is Professor of Literature and Director of the Institute of Literary Studies at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland. She specializes in Victorian and post-Victorian fiction. Her current research focuses on literary translation, specifically on early
translations of the works of Dickens and Conrad, and their contemporary retranslations and refractions. She has written articles for The Dickensian, Dickens Quarterly, The Conradian, Conradiana, and The Reception of Joseph Conrad in Europe as well as The Reception of Charles Dickens in Europe on the Polish translations and reception of these two authors. She is also interested in Conrad’s multilingualism, its linguistic effects, and thematic representations in his fiction.University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, PolandBalcerzan, Edward. Literatura z literatury (strategie tłumaczy). Wydawnictwo Naukowe Śląsk, 1998.Bałuk-Ulewiczowa, Teresa. “Beyond Cognizance: Fields of Absolute Untranslatability.” Przekładając nieprzekładalne, vol. 1, edited by Olga Kubińska et al., Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, 2000, pp. 173–182.Barthes, Roland. “Śmierć autora.” Translated by Michał P. Markowski. Teorie literatury XX wieku: antologia, edited by Anna Burzyńska, and Michał Markowski, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2007, pp. 355–359.Brodovich, Olga I. “Translation theory and non-standard speech in fiction.” Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 5.1, 1997, pp. 25–31.Burzyńska, Anna, and Michał P. Markowski. Teorie literatury XX wieku. Podręcznik. Wydawnictwo Znak, 2007.Gutt, Ernst-August. “Translation as Interlingual Interpretive Use.” The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti, Routledge, 2000, pp. 376–396.Hejwowski, Krzysztof. “Tekstualizm a funkcjonalizm—kwestia odpowiedzialności tłumacza.” Teoria i dydaktyka przekładu, edited by Krzysztof Hejwowski, Wszechnica Mazurska, 2003, pp. 189–202.Hejwowski, Krzysztof. Kognitywno-komunikacyjna teoria przekładu, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2004.Hejwowski, Krzysztof. Translation: A Cognitive Communicative Approach. Wydawnictwo Wszechnicy Mazurskiej, 2004.Hejwowski, Krzysztof. Iluzja przekładu. Przekładoznawstwo w ujęciu konstruktywnym. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Śląsk, 2015.Hejwowski, Krzysztof. “‘An Ethics of Translation’ versus Illusionist Translation.” Interpreting Authenticity. Translation and Its Others, edited by Agnieszka Pantuchowicz, and Anna Warso, Peter Lang, 2017, pp. 37–44.Holmes, James S. “The Name and Nature of Translation Studies.” The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti, Routledge, 2000, pp. 172–185.Jakobson, Roman. “Linguistics and Poetics.” Style in Language, edited by Thomas A. Sebeok Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 2000, pp. 350–377.Kujawska-Lis, Ewa. Marlow pod polską banderą. Tetralogia Josepha Conrada w przekładach z lat 1904–2004. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego, 2011.Kujawska-Lis, Ewa. “Delusions of Authenticity in Translating Linguistically Heterogeneous Texts.” Interpreting Authenticity. Translation and Its Others, edited by Agnieszka Pantuchowicz, and Anna Warso, Peter Lang, 2017, pp. 23–36.Lewis, Philip E. “The Measure of Translation Effects.” The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti, Routledge, 2000, pp. 264–283.Montgomery, Lucy Maud. Anne z Zielonych Szczytów. Translated by Anna Bańkowska, Wydawnictwo Marginesy, 2022.Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. Longman, 1988.Tabakowska, Elżbieta. Cognitive Linguistics and Poetics of Translation. Gunter Narr Verlag, 1993.Van Coillie, Jan. “Character names in translation. A functional approach.” Children’s Literature in Translation. Challenges and Strategies, edited by Jan Van Coillie, and Walter P. Verschueren, Routledge, 2014, pp. 123–140.Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility. A History of Translation. Routledge, 1995.Venuti, Lawrence. “1980s.” The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti, Routledge, 2000, pp. 215–220.Venuti, Lawrence. “Translation, Community, Utopia.” The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti, Routledge, 2000, pp. 468–488.Wojtasiewicz, Olgierd. Wstęp do teorii tłumaczenia. 1957. Tepis, 1992.46 (3/2024)254
Gender Identity in Cis-Heteronormative Legal Orders: A Comparative Approach – Poland and Mexico
No full textAcknowledgements: We would like to acknowledge the support of the DGAPA-UNAM Postdoctoral Program and the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences at UNAM for hosting the postdoctoral stay. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly contributed to improving this article.In this article, we examine the legal challenges encountered by LGBT+ individuals in Poland and Mexico within the context of prevailing cis-heteronormative structures. These structures deeply influence societal and legal systems in both countries, resulting in marginalization and discrimination. We compare the development of LGBT+ movements and their impact on legislative changes by analysing enacted laws, court cases, and law proposals. The study highlights the progress and obstacles to achieving equality in each case: Mexico has made significant strides in recognizing non-binary perspectives and advancing LGBT+ rights, while Poland has faced setbacks due to the continuous rejection of progressive reforms. Both countries continue to navigate unique challenges in their pursuit of greater inclusivity for the LGBT+ community, offering valuable lessons from each experience.Ahmed, S. (2020). Queer phenomenology: Orientations, objects, others. Duke University Press.Amuchástegui, A., Flores, E., & Aldaz, E. (2015). Disputa social y disputa subjetiva. Religión, género y discursos sociales en la legalización del aborto en México. La ventana. Revista de estudios de género, 5(41), 153–195.Asamblea Legislativa del Distrito Federal. (2006). Decreto de Ley de Sociedad de Convivencia para el Distrito Federal of November 2006. https://legislacion.scjn.gob.mx/buscador/Paginas/wfProcesoLegislativoCompleto.aspx?q=nFWDr47jDgQoerymFDkZRvpNxmYmMVyh1IFcw9/y5udUyO+
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un segundo y tercer párrafos al artículo 1o., se deroga el párrafo primero del artículo 4o.; y se adicionan un sexto párrafo al artículo 18, y un último párrafo a la fracción tercera del artículo 115 de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.Diario Oficial de la Federación. (2011, 10 June). Decreto por el que se modifica la denominación del Capítulo I del Título Primero y reforma diversos artículos de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.Dziekanowska, M. (2008). Tożsamość społeczna a globalizacja. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Studia Socjologica, 18, 33–48.Eberts, M.W. (1998). The Roman Catholic church and democracy in Poland. Europe-Asia Studies, 50(5), 817–842.ENDOSIG. (2018). Resumen ejecutivo de la Encuesta sobre Discriminación por motivos de Orientación Sexual e Identidad de Género. Mexico City.European Parliament. (2000). Directive 2000/78/EC of the European Parliament of 27 November 2000 on a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation (32000L0078).European Parliament. (2006). Directive 2006/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006 on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (32006L0054).European Parliament. (2011). Resolution of 28 September 2011 on human rights, sexual orientation and gender identity at the United Nations (2011/2821(RSP)).European Parliament. (2012). Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA (32012L0029).European Parliament. (2021). Parliament declares the European Union an ‘LGBTIQ Freedom Zone’. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20210304IPR99219/parliament-declares-the-european-union-an-lgbtiq-freedom-zoneEuropean Parliament. (2023). Resolution of 20 April 2023 on the universal decriminalisation of homosexuality in the light of recent developments in Uganda (2023/2643(RSP)).European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2009). European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights: Annual Report: 2009. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.Foucault, M. (1990). The history of sexuality: An introduction (Vol. 1). Vintage.Franco, R. (2019). ‘Todos/as somos 41’: The Dance of the Forty-One from homosexual reappropriation to transgender representation in Mexico, 1945–2001. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 28 (1), 66–95.Fuentes, M., Brower, T., & Shaw, A. (2023). El poder judicial y el acceso a la justicia de las comunidades LGBTQ+ en México. Mexico City.García, A. (2023, 25 December). Mes del orgullo: ¿Cómo van los derechos LGBT+ en México? https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/arteseideas/Mes-del-orgullo-Como-van-los-derechos-LGBT-en-Mexico-20230616–0029.htmlGawin, M., Markiewicz, B., Nogal, A., Wonicki, R., & Stawrowski, Z. (2016). Prawa człowieka i obywatela
w zglobalizowanym świecie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.Gaceta Oficial del Distrito Federal. (2009). Decreto por el que se reforman diversas disposiciones del Código Civil para el Distrito Federal y del Código de Procedimientos Civiles para el Distrito Federal. https://mexico.justia.com/estatales/ciudad-de-mexico/decretos/decreto-por-el-quese-reforman-diversas-disposiciones-del-codigo-civil-para-el-distrito-federal-y-del-codigo-de-procedimientos-civiles-para-el-distrito-federal/Grzyb, M. (2022). Tożsamość płciowa to nie płeć–refleksje na tle wyroku Sądu Okręgowego w Warszawie z 29.09. 2020 r. Prawo w Działaniu, 52, 255–271.GUS. (2021). Narodowy Spis Powszechny 2021. GUS.Henshaw, A.L. (2014). Geographies of tolerance: Human development, heteronormativity, and religion. Sexuality & Culture, 18, 959–976.INEGI. (2020). Censos de Población y Vivienda 2010–2020. INEGI.Infobae. (2022). La comunidad LGBTTTIQ+ en la política: activistas que han incursionado en el sector público. https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/06/25/la-comunidad-lgbtttiq-en-la-politica-
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The Relation Between Classical and Legal Education – the Role of Myth in Educating Lawyers
No full textThe purpose of this article is to explore the classical understanding of the concept of myth and its potential usefulness in legal education. Its primary objective is to show, by analysing Aristotle’s ways of obtaining knowledge, that the idea of myth (mythos) should not be viewed as contradictory to reason (logos). Rather, it can be interpreted as a practical mode of reasoning that aligns with the Aristotelian concept of phronesis. In the initial section, the concept of myth is examined in relation to logos and aletheia. They are portrayed as distinct types of knowledge positioned on opposite ends of the spectrum, with myth embodying the notion of a “golden mean” between them. This trio is then contrasted with the methods of acquiring knowledge, namely techne – phronesis – episteme. These comparisons introduce a new conceptual framework and suggest the potential application of the concept of “myth” in legal sciences by juxtaposing mythos and phronesis. Mythos represents a fluid, changeable, and relational knowledge, while phronesis represents the ways of acquiring it. For legal studies, which still predominantly align with either episteme or techne, acknowledging the novel role of knowledge presented by myth can offer an alternative framework of education and practice. This could lead to the creation of lawyers who are not solely passive (as described by Arendt), nor are the “mouth that merely pronounces the words of law” as Montesquieu desired, but rather as the phronimoi that can evaluate reasons, consider social context, deliberate well, and make thoughtful judgments and decisions that impact present-day [email protected] Jagielloński (Jagiellonian University, Cracow; Poland)Arendt Hannah, The Promise of Politics, New York 2009.Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, transl. H. Rackham, Cambridge (MA)–London 1934.Aristotle, Posterior Analitics, transl. G.R. G. Mure, Oxford 1928.Bruner Jerome S., On Knowing: Essays for the Left Hand, Harvard 1979.Ceglarska Anna, Od widza do uczestnika. Rola mitu w kształtowaniu postaw obywatelskich, „Ethos” 2022, vol. 138, pp. 138–155.Detiennne Marcel, The Creation of Mythology, Chicago 1986.Dworkin Ronald, Law’s Empire, Cambridge, MA 1986.Feder Lillian, Ancient Myth in Modern Poetry, Princeton 1971.Filipowicz Stanisław, Mit i spektakl władzy, Warszawa 1988.Graves Robert, Mity greckie, Kraków 2012.Grimal Pierre, Mitologia grecka, Warszawa 1998.Hesiod, Hesiod. The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, transl. H. G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge MA–London 1914.Homer, The Iliad, transl. A. T. Murray, Cambridge (MA)–London 1919–1924.Korczak Andrzej, Od mitu do logosu, Warszawa 2011.Lengauer Włodzmierz, Religijność starożytnych Greków, Warszawa 1994.Lewis Clive Staples, The Last Battle, New York 2000.Lloyd Geoffrey E.R., Demystifying Mentalities, Cambridge 1990.Lucian, Works, transl. A. M. Harmon, Cambridge (MA)–London 1913.Malinowski, Bronisław, Mit, magia, religia, Warszawa 1990.Martin Richard P., The Language of Heroes. Speech and Performance in the Iliad, Ithaca–London 1989.Montesquieu Charles, The Spirit of the Laws, Cambridge 1989.Nagy Gregory, Homeric Questions, Austin, TX 1996.Nagy Gregory, The Ancient Greek Hero In 24 Hours, Cambridge (MA)–London 2013.Narecki Krzysztof, Logos we wczesnej myśli greckiej, Lublin 1999.Ovid, Metamorphoses, transl. A. Golding, London 1567.Perelman Chaim, Logika prawnicza. Nowa retoryka, Warszawa 1984.Pindar, Odes, transl. D. A. Svarlien, 1990, https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162.Plato, Gorgias, transl. W.R. M. Lamb, Cambridge (MA)–London 1967.Plato, Philebus, transl. H. N. Fowler, Cambridge (MA)–London 1925.Plato, Republic, transl. P. Shorey, Cambridge (MA)–London 1969.Plato, Theaetetus, transl. H. N. Fowler, Cambridge (MA)–London 1921.Powell Barry B., A Short Introduction To Classical Myth, Upper Saddle River (NJ), 2001.Segal Charles, Słuchacz i widz, [in:] Człowiek Grecji, ed. J-P. Vernant, Warszawa 2000.Sepkowski Andrzej, Człowiek w przestrzeni mitycznej, [in:] Mity historyczno-polityczne, wyobrażenia zbiorowe, polityka historyczna: studia i materiały, vol. 1, eds E. Ponczek, A. Sepkowski, Toruń 2010.Smolka-Drewniak Ewa, Kobieta, polis i boskość w tragediach Eurypidesa: antropologiczne, aksjologiczne i estetyczne aspekty kobiecości, Nysa 2011.Świderkówna Anna, Bogowie zeszli z Olimpu, Warszawa 1991.Taplin Oliver, Greek Tragedy in Action, London–New York 2003.Aristotle, Metaphysics, transl. H. Tredennick, Cambridge (MA)–London 1933.Trzcińska Izabela, Logos, mit i ratio: wybrane koncepcje racjonalności od XV do XVII wieku, Kraków 2011.Vidal-Naquet Pierre, Vernant Jean-Pierre, Brisson Jean-Paul, Brisson Elisabeth, Zrozumieć demokrację i obywatelskość, Warszawa 2007.23227730
Elementary Number Theory Problems. Part XV – Diophantine Equations
No full textThis paper formalizes problems 38, 58, 160, 164, 168, 171, 188, 195, 196, and 198 from “250 Problems in Elementary Number Theory” by
Wacław Sierpiński.Karol Pąk - Faculty of Computer Science, University of Białystok, PolandArtur Korniłowicz - Faculty of Computer Science, University of Białystok, PolandGrzegorz Bancerek, Czesław Byliński, Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, Karol Pąk, and Josef Urban. Mizar: State-of-the-art and beyond. In Manfred Kerber, Jacques Carette, Cezary Kaliszyk, Florian Rabe, and Volker Sorge, editors, Intelligent Computer Mathematics, volume 9150 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 261–279. Springer International Publishing, 2015. ISBN 978-3-319-20614-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20615-8_17.Grzegorz Bancerek, Czesław Byliński, Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, and Karol Pąk. The role of the Mizar Mathematical Library for interactive proof development in Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 61(1):9–32, 2018. doi:10.1007/s10817-017-9440-6.Wenpai Chang, Hiroshi Yamazaki, and Yatsuka Nakamura. The inner product and con jugate of finite sequences of complex numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 13(3):367–373, 2005.Leonard Eugene Dickson. History of Theory of Numbers, Volume II; Diophantine Analysis. Carnegie Institution, 1920.Adam Grabowski. Elementary number theory problems. Part VI. Formalized Mathematics, 30(3):235–244, 2022. doi:10.2478/forma-2022-0019.Artur Korniłowicz and Adam Naumowicz. Elementary number theory problems. Part V. Formalized Mathematics, 30(3):229–234, 2022. doi:10.2478/forma-2022-0018.Alfred Moessner. General formulae for constructing and solving certain simultaneous equations. The Mathematics Student, 3, 1936.Louis J. Mordell. Diophantine Equations. Academic Press, 1969.Adam Naumowicz. Elementary number theory problems. Part I. Formalized Mathematics, 28(1):115–120, 2020. doi:10.2478/forma-2020-0010.Adam Naumowicz. Dataset description: Formalization of elementary number theory in Mizar. In Christoph Benzmuller and Bruce R. Miller, editors, Intelligent Computer Mathematics – 13th International Conference, CICM 2020, Bertinoro, Italy, July 26–31, 2020, Proceedings, volume 12236 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 303–308. Springer, 2020. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53518-6_22.Andrzej Schinzel. D´emonstration d’une cons´equence de l’hypoth`ese de Goldbach. Compositio Mathematica, 14:74–76, 1959.Wacław Sierpiński. Elementary Theory of Numbers. PWN, Warsaw, 1964.Wacław Sierpiński. 250 Problems in Elementary Number Theory. Elsevier, 1970.Wacław Sierpiński. Sur les d´ecompositions de nombres rationells en fractions primaires. Mathesis, 65:16–32, 1956.Rafał Ziobro. Prime factorization of sums and differences of two like powers. Formalized Mathematics, 24(3):187–198, 2016. doi:10.1515/forma-2016-0015.3219311
‘Regional to an Utmost Degree’: Wanda Niedziałkowska-Dobaczewska’s Reading of Adam Mickiewicz
No full textThe article reconstructs the strategies that Wanda Niedziałkowska-Dobaczewska (1892–1980), Vilnius regionalist, novelist, poet, and cultural activist, chose while reading the works of Adam Mickiewicz. The author reached for various literary genres, from poetry, journalism, fictional prose, and memoirs, in order to popularize the achievements of Mickiewicz, pointing out his importance in individual perspective and community experience as well. She saw him as an artist who was “regional to an utmost degree” and appreciated the value of his legacy in the independence processes. She also created a fictionalized version of Mickiewicz’s biography to bring the character closer to her contemporaries.MARTA KOWERKO-URBAŃCZYK – dr nauk humanistycznych, absolwentka filologii polskiej na UAM w Poznaniu, gdzie w 2013 obroniła doktorat na podstawie dysertacji Wilno-Vilnius. Polskie i litewskie reprezentacje miasta po roku 1990, która ukazała się w 2016 roku nakładem Wydawnictwa Nauka i Innowacje. Studiowała w Wilnie w roku akademickim 2005/2006, odbywała liczne kwerendy w latach 2008 – 2010. Pracowała w poznańskich wydawnictwach i rozgłośniach radiowych. Jej zainteresowania badawcze koncentrują się wokół XX-wiecznego Wilna: literatury, kultury i badań miejskich w kontekście różnych zamieszkujących je narodowości. Zajmuje się także literaturą i kulturą dla dzieci. W latach 2021–2022 związana z Wydziałem Filologicznym Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku.Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Zakład Badań Źródłowych nad Literaturą XIX i XX WiekuDalecka T., Poezja na łamach wileńskich pism literackich i kulturalnych, w: Poezja i poeci w Wilnie lat 1920–1940. Studia, red. T. Bujnicki, K. Biedrzycki, Kraków 2003, s. 9–20.Filipiak B., Wanda Niedziałkowska-Dobaczewska. Droga do Żnina, Żnin 2017.Hernik-Spalińska J., Wileńskie Środy Literackie 1927–1939, Warszawa 1998.Kieżuń A., W. Niedziałkowska-Dobaczewska. Pisarka i organizatorka życia kulturalnego w międzywojennym Wilnie, w: Kultura międzywojennego Wilna, pod red. A. Kieżuń, Białystok 1994, s. 299–311.Kozłowska M., Litwa i jej kultura w pismach wileńskich regionalistów 1922–1939, w: Litwa. Dzieje, naród, kultura, red. G. Lemanaitė i P. Bukowiec, Kraków 1998.Kozłowska M., O polifonię głosów zbiorowych. Wileńska krytyka teatralna, 1906–1940, Szczecin 2003.Warzecha I., Tradycja Mickiewiczowska w życiu kulturalno-literackim międzywojennego Wilna, Kraków 2005.31532
Media Image of Holocaust Survivors – Victims of the War in Ukraine in 2022
No full textThe article analyzes the media image of Holocaust survivors – victims of war in Ukraine. It mentions that Jews are one of the oldest communities living in these lands. Indeed, the absolute majority of Ukrainian Jews are counted among the descendants of one of the most numerous Jewish ethnic groups – known as Ashkenazi. Siedlecki notes that many who survived the Shoah and their children and grandchildren found themselves in the Soviet Union’s sphere of influence after World War II. With great difficulty, already after the thaw and independence, they rebuilt their community, religion, and culture. As a result of Russia’s current invasion of Ukraine, they have to evacuate in a hurry, abandoning their homes and all the possessions they have accumulated over the years. It is a nightmarish exodus that we have not faced for a very long time. Black pages of history that seemed like they would never happen again.MICHAŁ SIEDLECKI – dr, pracownik Działu Badań Filologiczno-Bibliograficznych Książnicy Podlaskiej im. Łukasza Górnickiego w Białymstoku oraz stały współpracownik Katedry Badań Filologicznych „Wschód–Zachód” na Wydziale Filologicznym Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. Zainteresowania badawcze: literatura współczesna, proza iberoamerykańska oraz najnowsza proza polska. Autor szeregu artykułów, w tym: Wątki podlaskie w twórczości Jana Kamińskiego: behawiorystyczno-ontologiczne ujęcie świata (na podstawie „Fugi” i „Metafizyki prowincji”) (2012) czy Obraz diaspory żydowskiej w „Widnokręgu” Wiesława Myśliwskiego (2017). Redaktor książek: (z Ł. Zabielskim) T. Bujnicki, Na pograniczach, kresach i poza granicami. Studia (Białystok 2014), a także (wraz z J. Ławskim) R. Löw, Literackie podsumowania polsko-hebrajskie i polsko-izraelskie (Białystok 2014) oraz J. Poliszczuk, Ukraińskie rozstaje. Studia (Białystok 2015). Wydał monografię: Myśliwski metafizyczny. Rozważania o „Widnokręgu” i „Traktacie o łuskaniu fasoli” (Białystok 2015).Dział Badań Filologiczno-Bibliograficznych, Książnica Podlaska im. Łukasza Górnickiego w BiałymstokuBBC: Od początku wojny Rosję opuściło ponad 20 tys. Żydów, „Forsal.pl” 17.03.2022, w: https://forsal.pl/swiat/rosja/artykuly/8519627,bbc-od-poczatku-wojnyrosje-
opuscilo-ponad-20-tys-zydow.html [dostęp: 23.02.2023].Hryciuk G., Przemiany narodowościowe i ludnościowe w Galicji Wschodniej i na Wołyniu w latach 1931–1948, Toruń 2005.Jaros J., Ukraińscy Żydzi emigrują do Izraela. W ucieczce przed wojną pomagają im kaliskie fundacje, „Gazeta Wyborcza” 11.04.2022, w: https://kalisz.wyborcza.pl/kalisz/7,181359,28321672,ukrainscy-zydzi-emigruja-do-izraela-w-ucieczce-przedwojna.html [dostęp: 24.02.2023].Kozłowski M., Były naczelny rabin Moskwy radzi Żydom opuścić Rosję. „Widzimy rosnący antysemityzm”, „Gazeta.pl” 30.12.2022, w: https://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/7,114881,29313979,byly-naczelny-rabin-moskwy-radzi-zydomopuscic-rosje-widzimy.html [dostęp: 24.02.2022].Kruglov A., Jewish Losses in Ukraine 1941–1944, w: The Shoah in Ukraine: History, Testimony, Memorialization, red. R. Brandon, W. Lower, Bloomington 2008.Molinari M., Z czego wynika karkołomna strategia Izraela wobec wojny Rosji z Ukrainą [LA REP], za: „Gazeta Wyborcza” 03.05.2022, w: https://wyborcza.pl/7,179012,28405284,z-czego-wynika-karkolomna-strategia-izraela-wobec-wojnyrosji.html [dostęp: 24.02.2023].Ocaleli z Holokaustu ukraińscy Żydzi uciekają przed wojną do Niemiec, „Rzeczpospolita” 28.03.2022, w: https://www.rp.pl/konflikty-zbrojne/art35956671-ocaleliz-
holokaustu-ukrainscy-zydzi-uciekaja-przed-wojna-do-niemiec [dostęp: 22.02.2023].Ostrowercha A., Ukraińscy Żydzi. Kim są?, w: https://ukrainer.net/ukrainscy-zydzi/ [dostęp: 22.02.2023].Segura C., Żydzi z Odessy znów chwytają za broń, kiedyś przeciwko carskiej ochranie, dziś – Rosji Putina [EL PAIS], za: „Gazeta Wyborcza” 05.05.2022, w:
https://wyborcza.pl/7,179012,28415544,zydzi-z-odessy-znow-chwytaja-za-bronprzeciwko-rosji-el-pais.html [dostęp: 23.02.2023].Snyder T., Rekonstrukcja narodów. Polska, Ukraina, Litwa i Białoruś 1569–1999, przeł. M. Pietrzak-Merta, Sejny 2006.Stefanicki R., Izrael szykuje masową ewakuację ukraińskich Żydów z Polski, „Gazeta Wyborcza” 13.03.2022, w: https://wyborcza.pl/7,75399,28211541,izrael-szykujemasowa-
ewakuacje-ukrainskich-zydow-z-polski.html [dostęp: 23.02.2023].Stefanicki R., Żydzi, uciekajcie z Rosji – radzi były naczelny rabin Moskwy, „Gazeta Wyborcza” 30.12.2022, w: https://wyborcza.pl/7,75399,29313123,zydzi-uciekajciez-
rosji-radzi-byly-naczelny-rabin-moskwy.html [dostęp: 23.02.2023].Zagner A., Żydzi z Ukrainy w Polsce. Dla wielu z nich to nie pierwsza wojna, „Polityka” 22.04.2022, w: https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/kraj/2162555,1,zydziz-
ukrainy-w-polsce-dla-wielu-z-nich-to-nie-pierwsza-wojna.read [dostęp: 24.02.2023].Żydzi z Ukrainy jadą przez Polskę do Izraela. Przygotowania zaczęły się przed wojną, „Rzeczpospolita” 10.03.2022, w: https://www.rp.pl/konflikty-zbrojne/art-35843781-zydzi-z-ukrainy-jada-przez-polske-do-izraela-przygotowania-zaczelysie-przed-wojna [dostęp: 23.02.2023].19921
Religious Celibacy, Coerced Asexuality, and Catholic Nunhood: A Comparative Study of The Runner Stumbles and Agnes of God
No full textThe representations of Catholic nuns in American theatre often rely on familiar tropes, portraying them either as devout, selfless caregivers or as harsh, ruler-wielding nun teachers. However, the portrayal of sexually repressed nuns on stage, as well as the scholarly analyses of sexual repression embedded within these characters, remains significantly underexplored. The present study seeks to address this gap by critically examining these portrayals and their broader implications within the context of religious and psychological narratives. The study investigates the effects of religious celibacy and coerced asexuality among Catholic nuns as depicted in Milan Stitt’s The Runner Stumbles (1976) and John Pielmeier’s Agnes of God (1982). This study integrates Karen Horney’s psychoanalytical framework with Richard Sipe’s insights on religious celibacy to explore the complexities of human sexuality. It emphasises the adverse effects of enforced sexual abstinence on individual sexual
identity, as portrayed in the selected plays. The study also examines the portrayals of sanctuary molestation, the resulting trauma, and the deliberate coping strategies employed by Catholic nuns in the plays as they strive to recover from the trauma of victimization.KRISHNAJA T. S.: [email protected] JOSE: [email protected] T. S. is a research scholar in the Department of English, School of Humanities and Management, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh. Her research areas include feminist theology, sexuality, autobiography, and film studies.SOUMYA JOSE is an Assistant Professor of English at the School of Humanities and Management, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh. Dr. Jose’s research interests include African American theatre, gender studies, and film studies.KRISHNAJA T. S. - School of Humanities and Management, NIT Andhra Pradesh, IndiaSOUMYA JOSE - School of Humanities and Management, NIT Andhra Pradesh, IndiaAbbott, Elizabeth. A History of Celibacy: From Athena to Elizabeth I, Leonardo Da Vinci, Florence Nightingale, Gandhi, and Cher. Scribner, 2000.Ayres, Susan. “Who is to Shame-Narratives of Neonaticide.” William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law, vol. 14, no. 2, 2007, pp. 55-105.Basson, Rosemary. “The Female Sexual Response: A Different Model.” Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, vol. 26, no. 1, 2000, pp. 51-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/009262300278641.Bogaert, Anthony F. Understanding Asexuality. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2015.Carr, David. The Erotic Word: Sexuality, Spirituality, and the Bible. Oxford UP, 2003.Cheatham, Karen. “‘Let Anyone Accept This Who Can:’ Medieval Christian Virginity, Chastity, and Celibacy in the Latin West.” Celibacy and Religious Traditions, edited by Carl Olson, Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. 85-108.Cherkasskaya, Eugenia, and Michael Rosario. “The Relational and Bodily Experiences Theory of Sexual Desire in Women.” Archives of Sexual Behavior, vol. 48, no. 6, 2019, pp. 1659-1681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1212-9.Chibnall, John T., et al. “A National Survey of the Sexual Trauma Experiences of Nuns.” Review of Religious Research, vol. 40, no. 2, 1998, pp. 142-167. https://doi.org/10.2307/3512299.Chittister, Joan. The Fire in These Ashes: A Spirituality of Contemporary Religious Life. Sheed & Ward, 1995.Coburn, Carol K., and Martha Smith. Spirited Lives: How Nuns Shaped Catholic Culture and American Life, 1836-1920. The University of North Carolina Press, 1999.Code of Canon Law: Latin-English Edition. Canon Law Society of America, 1983.Diamond, Lisa M. “What Does Sexual Orientation Orient? A Biobehavioral Model Distinguishing Romantic Love and Sexual Desire.” Psychological Review, vol. 110, no. 1, 2003, pp. 173–192. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.110.1.173.Doyle, Thomas P., et al. Sex, priests, and secret codes: The Catholic Church’s 2000-year paper trail of sexual abuse. Volt Press, 2006.Durà-Vilà, Glòria, et al. “Integration of sexual trauma in a religious narrative: Transformation, resolution and growth among contemplative nuns.” Transcultural Psychiatry, vol. 50, no. 1, 2013, pp. 21-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461512467769.Ebaugh, Helen Rose. “Patriarchal Bargains and Latent Avenues of Social Mobility: Nuns in the Roman Catholic Church.” Gender & Society, vol. 7, no. 3, 1993, pp. 400-414. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124393007003005.Eze, Chukwuma, et al. “Catholic Religious Sisters’ Identity Dilemmas as Committed and Subjugated Workers: A Narrative Approach.” Review of Religious Research, vol. 57, no. 3, 2015, pp. 397-417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-014-0202-1.Fahs, Breanne. “Radical Refusals: On the Anarchist Politics of Women Choosing Asexuality.” Sexualities, vol. 13, no. 4, 2010, pp. 445-461. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460710370650.Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schüssler. “Feminist Theology as a Critical Theology of Liberation.” Theological Studies, vol. 36, no. 4, 1975, pp. 605-626. https://doi.org/10.1177/004056397503600402.Gagnon, John. An Interpretation of Desire: Essays in the Study of Sexuality. University of Chicago Press, 2004.Holland, Glenn. “Celibacy in the Early Christian Church.” Celibacy and Religious Traditions, edited by Carl Olson, Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. 65-84.Horney, Karen. The Neurotic Personality of Our Time. Routledge, 1937.Jewdokimow, Marcin, and Wojciech Sadlon. “Sexuality Beyond Chastity: Negotiating Gender Intimacy and Sexuality within Roman Catholic Religious Communities in Poland.” Religions, vol. 13, no. 10, 2022, p. 912. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13100912.Kennon, Patricia. “Asexuality and the Potential of Young Adult Literature for Disrupting Allonormativity.” The International Journal of Young Adult Literature, vol. 2, no. 1, 2021, p. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.24877/ijyal.41.Luberti, Francesca R., et al. “Evolutionary Ecological Insights into the Suppression of Female Sexuality.” Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology, vol. 5, 2023, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100167Manuel, Gerdenio M. “Religious Celibacy from the Celibate’s Point of View.” Journal of Religion and Health, vol. 28, no. 4, 1989, pp. 279-297.Mayseless, Ofra. “Adult Attachment Patterns and Courtship Violence.” Family Relations, vol. 40, no. 1, 1991, pp. 21-28. https://doi.org/10.2307/585654.McCartin, James P. “The Waning of the ‘Catholic Other’ and Catholicism in American Life after 1965.” Revue Française d’Études Américaines, vol. 95, no. 1, 2003, pp. 7-29.McPhillips, Kathleen, and Tracy McEwan. “The Sexual Economies of Clericalism: Women Religious and Gendered Violence in the Catholic Church.” Religions, vol. 13, no. 10, 2022, p. 916. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13100916.Morrison, Carey-Ann, et al. “Critical Geographies of Love as Spatial, Relational, and Political.” Progress in Human Geography, vol. 37, no. 4, 2013, pp. 505-521. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132512462513.Olson, Carl, editor. 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Prevention of Mental Disorders in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults—A Needs Assessment for the Development of Training Concepts for Professionals
Full text linkHintergrund und Ziel
Fachkräfte in verschiedenen Bereichen der Jugendhilfe (z. B. Kitas, Schulsozialarbeit, Beratungsstellen) müssen auf psychische Auffälligkeiten bei ihren jungen Klienten reagieren. Generische Schulungen werden bereichsspezifischen Herausforderungen jedoch oft nicht gerecht. Als Grundlage für ein zielgruppenspezifisches Schulungskonzept wurde daher herausgearbeitet, welchen Schulungsbedarf Fachkräfte in 8 verschiedenen Bereichen der Jugendhilfe haben.
Methoden
Es wurden 7 Fokusgruppen mit insgesamt n = 28 Fachkräften der einzelnen Bereiche durchgeführt (2 Bereiche zusammengelegt). Alle Diskussionen wurden aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und anonymisiert. Die Transkripte wurden in Anlehnung an die inhaltlich strukturierende qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz deduktiv-induktiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse
In allen Bereichen der Jugendhilfe gibt es Schulungsbedarf zur psychischen Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen als auch zu psychischen Erkrankungen. In den meisten Bereichen gibt es Schulungsbedarf zu Eltern mit psychischen Erkrankungen, zur Medienkompetenz und zu psychosozialen Hilfesystemen. Einige Bereiche benennen den Umgang mit Krisensituationen und Gesprächstechniken. Bereichsspezifische Themen sind Sexualität und Aufklärung, pornographische Inhalte, Transgeschlechtlichkeit, Bundesteilhabegesetz und altersgerechte Angebotserstellung.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung
Obwohl etablierte Themen wie psychische Entwicklung und Erkrankungen bereits in der Ausbildung sozialpädagogischer Fachkräfte verankert sind, scheint eine große Unsicherheit zu bestehen. Vereinzelt sind auch neue Themen aufgekommen. In den verschiedenen Bereichen der Jugendhilfe sollte ein Themenmix Gegenstand eines Schulungskonzepts zur Prävention psychischer Störungen sein.Background and aim
Professionals in various areas of youth welfare (e.g. daycare centres, school social work, counselling centres) have to respond to mental health problems in their young clients. However, generic training programmes often do not do justice to the specific challenges faced in these areas. As a basis for a tailored training concept, the training needs of professionals in 8 different areas of youth welfare were therefore identified.
Methods
Seven focus groups were conducted with a total of 28 professionals from the individual areas (2 areas were combined). All discussions were recorded, transcribed and anonymised. The transcripts were analysed deductively–inductively based on the content-structuring qualitative analysis according to Kuckartz.
Results
In all areas of youth welfare, there is a need for training on the mental development of children and young people as well as on mental illness. In most areas, there is a need for training on parents with mental illness, media skills and psychosocial support systems. Some areas mention dealing with crisis situations and dialogue techniques. Area-specific topics include sexuality and sex education, pornographic content, transgender issues, the German Federal Participation Act and age-appropriate programmes.
Discussion and conclusion
Although established topics such as psychological development and illnesses are already anchored in the training of social education professionals, there appears to be a great deal of uncertainty. Some new topics have also emerged. In the various areas of youth welfare, a mix of topics should be included in a training concept for the prevention of mental disorders
Papiere mit optischen Aufhellern - Minderung der Fluoreszenz durch Restaurierungsverfahren
Full text linkWasserbasierte Restaurierungsverfahren stehen im Verdacht, die Langzeitstabilität von Papieren, die optische Aufheller (engl. optical brightening agents, kurz OBAs) beinhalten, negativ zu beeinflussen. Grund dafür ist eine Farb- und Fluoreszenzveränderung, die bei Papieren mit OBAs im Bereich einer verso aufgebrachten Montierung auftreten. Es wird die These aufgestellt, dass durch das Eindringen von Wasser OBAs im Papier gelöst werden, wodurch der lichtbedingte Zerfall der Aufhellermoleküle katalysiert wird. Ziel der Masterarbeit ist es, die Eignung von etablierten wasserbasierten Restaurierungsverfahren an Papieren mit OBAs zu untersuchen. Hierfür werden drei wässrige Verfahren auf zwei Papieren mit OBAs angewendet und einer künstlichen Lichtalterung unterzogen. Da die Polarität von Wasser ausschlaggebend für das Schadensbild zu sein scheint, werden in den Testreihen ebenfalls zwei Alkohole geringerer Polarität getestet. Die Auswertung erfolgt optisch sowie quantitativ mittels digitaler Bildanalyse, Farbmessungen und Reflexionsmessungen der Probepapiere. Die Untersuchungen ergaben, dass die Farbstabilität der Papiere nach einer wässrigen Behandlung reduziert wird. Nach der Lichtalterung kommt es zu einer Verschiebung des Farbtons und Verringerung der Fluoreszenz im behandelten Areal. Als Grund dafür wird der beschleunigte Zerfall der OBAs erkannt. Das Schadensphänomen verstärkt sich mit steigender Polarität des Lösemittels und wird in seiner Intensität von der Papierzusammensetzung beeinflusst. Während die verringerte Fluoreszenz der Probepapiere bereits optisch sichtbar ist, lassen sich die Farbveränderungen ausschließlich messtechnisch dokumentieren
Food Policies In Mexico: An Analysis From The Food System Perspective
Full text linkIn recent years, governments worldwide have set out to ensure food security. However, despite the efforts and resources invested, food for all has not been ensured. In the Mexican context, several strategies, programmes and public policies have taken place in the last 30 years; however, the problem has evolved from an issue of lack of food to one of excess caloric intake, promoting chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, a consequence of the generalisation of overweight and obesity in the population. The problem is complex, and action is required from a whole food system perspective, based on public policies that intervene effectively, promoting healthy lifestyles and strengthening the economy and the equitable distribution of wealth. This study focuses on analysing the problem of food insecurity in Mexico from a food systems perspective, as well as analysing public policies from 1982 to 2024, their evolution and changes in approach, as well as their design and coverage in terms of food security and food improvements. The results of this study show that Mexican public policies have not been effective in ensuring food security for all, nor have they been transversal or consistently applied as a long-term project. In conclusion, Mexican public policies must act in a preventive manner, ensure continuity despite changes in government, and take a food system and human rights perspective