Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies
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Memory and Cultural Identity: Negotiating Modernity in Nadeem Aslam's "Maps for Lost Lovers."
Get PDFIn Les abus de la mémoire, Tzvetan Todorov makes the distinction between literal and exemplary memory, the first subordinating the present to the past, while the second – potentially liberating – allows the past to be exploited in the present, “de quitter le soi pour aller vers l’autre†(31-32). While Todorov’s discussion is largely focussed on extreme forms of cultural trauma, the Pakistani family at the center of Maps for Lost Lovers (2004) suffers a similar loss, albeit on a smaller scale: their immigration to England and the murder of Chandra – living with, but not married to, Jugnu – by her brothers.  Cultural identity is always a function of social relations, of belonging to a certain group, a process from which individuals are “theoretically absent†(Terry Eagleton 88); this family’s struggle, living in a close-knit Pakistani community in England, is a microcosm of contemporary Pakistan in its fitful attempt to define itself, to answer the essential question: “To what end will we use collective memory?â€Â Retreat into community, integration, a negotiated, cross-cultural position between the traditional and the modern, something else entirely?  The discord between past and present, the competing myths of traditional and modern, ultimately destroys this family, highlighting the very real dangers when memory has not been put to good use, provoking a collision of cultural identities rather than an integration of diversity. Â
The Break-Up of Pakistan
Get PDFEssay traces what the author identifies as the four phases of the 1971 conflict:Â the initiation of military hostilities in March 1971; Kissinger's visit to Peking; the war with India at the end of that year; and the transfer of power to Mujib
The Birth of Bangladesh/Nefarious Plots and Cold War Sideshows
Get PDFThis Paper examines, from the perspective of an American architect living and working in India at the time, many of the events and circumstances that led to the destruction in 1971 of Pakistan as it had originally ben constituted 24 years before. Among these were the enormous geographic challenges faced from Pakistan's inception, its deep-seated ethnic incompatibilities, its huge economic imbalances and rampant political egos, and a devastating typhoon. The paper also explores the tragic human consequences of an American foreign policy that could only see these events and circumstances through a prism of Cold War hatred and suspicion