JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik)
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BETWEEN CLIENTELISM AND PATRIMONIALISM: LOCAL POLITICS OF THE PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIA
Full text linkErik Kuhonta, a Southeast Asian expert, describe in his article on institution of the states in Southeast Asia that among the spectrum of clientelism and regal-rational bureaucracy, only Singapore and Malaysia could be considered as having an administrative system of rule and law based – of administrative state – the closest to being labeled as legal-rational bureaucracy. Among others he observed, the Philippines is categorized as a patrimonial system, whilst Thailand and Indonesia are recognized as in the middle, with some patrimonial practices still occurring but functioning bureaucracy legal system. This study tries to find the answer to these questions: How do the clientelism and patrimonialism practices in democratized Indonesia and the Philippines local politics? The study concludes that both in Indonesia and the Philippines patronage politics is very much marring the democratization process, economic development, welfare parity, and bureaucratic reform through practices of various kinds of clientelistics approach. Democratization is not a strategy for the elimination of clientelism and patrimonialism, moreover we see meritocratic and Weberian legal-rational bureaucracy still existing in countries with clientelism and patronage politics, such as Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea, or in countries that do not need full-fledge democracy, such as Singapore and Malaysia. We could even see clientelism being regulated in more developed democracy. This study shows that in countries that has clientelism practices yet do not have the effect of corruption and could manage poverty reduction program has society of better economic welfare and higher education background
DECENTRALIZATION AND THE UNRAVELING OF POWER RELATIONS IN SANGKARRANG ISLANDS, CITY OF MAKASSAR.
Full text linkHow does decentralization provide good public services among traditional fisherfolk and diminish the exploitation of marine resources? This article discusses the positive impact of decentralization on the patron-client relationship of the fishing community by depicting the articulation of social relations and power relations tied among the fisherfolk Sangkarrang Islands, City of Makassar. By employing the theory of access, this study revealed that the proliferation of the Sub District of Sangkarrang had configured the landscape of socio-political interaction. This condition was restructured by the relation of production among producers and successfully eliminated the over-exploitation of marine resources in Sangkarrang Islands. Social hierarchy became more opened and allowed the vulnerable group to access the services provided by the government. They could also channel their political aspiration without being interfered with by a higher social class. At the same time, the political landscape had been rearranged and control from elites tended to be declined. In conclusion, decentralization had increased democratization for local people and had brought public services to be more efficient, including the decreasing of marine exploitation
PRINT AND ONLINE NEWS REVIEWS DURING 2021 THAT INFLUENCE THE INDONESIAN DEMOCRACY INDEX IN BLITAR CITY
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze news content in print and online media during 2021, which affects the Indonesian Democracy Index in Blitar City. The research subjects are news from January 1 to December 31, 2021, from the print media Radar Blitar and Memorandum, as well as online media from Bhirawa.com and Mayangkaranews.com. These four media have the highest number of readers in Blitar City. This study uses a qualitative method with a textual analysis approach and collects data through virtual searches, clippings, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. All Informants were determined based on the representation of the institutions contained in the measurement of the Indonesian Democracy Index. The results of a review of print and online news media during 2021 show that civil liberties, political rights, and democratic institutions in Blitar City show excellent performance
DECONSTRUCTION OF ANIES BASWEDAN’S POLITICAL IMAGE ON TWITTER THROUGH THE HASHTAG #ANIESGABENERPEMBOHONG
Full text linkThis paper aims to find out the deconstruction of a political image in the social media space with an interesting contemporary phenomenon to observe through #AniesGabenerPembong which was trending on Twitter in October, at the same time as the announcement of Anies Baswedan’s candidacy as a presidential candidate in 2024 by the NasDem Party. Social media as a means of two-way communication is used as a communication platform to shape the political image of elites or political parties. Twitter is one of the media that is used as a means to spread political messages quickly to form public opinion. This study uses a qualitative method with data analysis using the NVivo software on the NCapture feature to find the connection between #AniesGabenerPembohong and interactions created through Twitter social media accounts. This study shows that social media is used as a means for political elites and other users to spread political messages, in this case, to deconstruct the political image of Anies Baswedan and the NasDem Party and posts related to hashtags revolve around the topic of Anies’ failure as governor of DKI. Jakarta and efforts to degrade the NasDem party as the party that carries Anies Baswedan in the presidential election in 2024
PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION OF THE #BUBARKANMUI MOVEMENT
Full text linkThe campaign narrative for the dissolution of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) invited many comments from netizens on social media to develop into a digital social movement to urge the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) to be dissolved because one of its members was arrested by the police regarding the issue of terrorism. This news had become a trending topic on Twitter and threatened the existence of MUI as a forum for Islamic community organizations in Indonesia. To analyze these problems, researchers used the Network Society theory with a quantitative approach and the Social Network Analysis (SNA) method to analyze it. This study aims to analyze actors’ conversations in voicing new social movements through the #BubaranMUI hashtag. Through the spread of a communication network on the hashtag #BubarkanMUI, it was found to be an effort of a digital social movement that was echoed by political actors through a single Twitter account as well as building fake accounts as alter egos for intermediaries and network close relations to spread negative comments about MUI and spread communication networks as a public call through media atwitter and gain support from Twitter users to disband the MUI
POLITICAL REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND FUTURE RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES
Full text linkOver the past twenty-five years, gender and politics scholars have engaged in extensive theoretical and empirical discussions about women’s political representation. This article provides a comprehensive literature review of these studies. This study is divided into three themes: descriptive representation of women, substantive representation of women, and the correlation between descriptive and substantive representation of women. The literature review method is carried out by exploring and compiling studies on women’s political representation from various countries, classifying them based on specific topics, and mapping out what has been explored in these studies. The results of the study show that most of the research on women’s political representation is in the realm of women’s descriptive representation, which generally discusses the factors that affect the level of women’s political representation, obstacles and challenges in women’s political representation and the strategies used by women candidates in electoral politics. Meantime, studies on women’s substantive representation still need to be explored, especially in the context of countries in Asia, especially Indonesia. Then, studies on the relationship between descriptive and substantive representations of women show two debate patterns. Some experts believe a positive correlation exists between increasing the number of women’s representation and its substantive effect. Some others find no correlation between the descriptive and substantive representations of women
BEYOND DISBANDMENT OF ISLAMIST ORGANIZATION: EXAMINING THE ADAPTIVE RESISTANCE OF HIZBUT TAHRIR INDONESIA (HTI)
Full text linkThe disbandment of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) in 2017 marked a significant shift in the dynamics of Islamist movements within Indonesia’s political landscape. Although officially banned, the HTI continued to operate in the shadows, employing various camouflage methods. This article analyzes how political dynamics led HTI to its outlawed status and how it adapted in pursuit of its goals amidst the challenges faced. By adopting a political opportunity structure and Islamist ideology as the theoretical framework with the case study as the method, this study scrutinizes HTI’s post-disbandment endeavors at the national level and delves deeper into cases in West Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java. The primary findings of this study reveal that the disbandment of HTI reflected the peak of incongruence between the anti-system ideology they embraced and Indonesia’s political structure. HTI’s ideological drive to exploit electoral events in 2016-2017 eventually put them at a threshold that the ruling authority perceives as a severe threat. HTI struggled to maintain its movement, mixing overt and covert operations, and facing significant pressures and constraints. Its strength is rooted in an Islamist ideology that integrates political and religious beliefs, supported by a disciplined structure. This resilience, seen as adaptive resistance, leverages tactical ingenuity and militancy in response to external pressures and the socio-cultural context in which they operate. Nevertheless, the disbandment has rendered it nearly impossible for HTI to reestablish its expansion in Indonesia’s political arena
POLITICAL ISSUES MANAGEMENT; CASE STUDY OF NEGATIVE ISSUES MANAGEMENT OF WEST JAVA PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT IN 2019
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to analyze how the Public Relations of the West Java Provincial Government manage the negative issues. The results of this study are used to provide recommendations for the political area to approach an accurate strategy, so the impact of negative issues can be less impacted and more controlled. The negative perspectives of the Institution will be impacted to Governor’s image as the highest leader. The methodology used in this study is a case study by selecting two controversial cases that caused a negative image of the West Java Provincial Government. The first issue that analyzes was the West Java Provincial Government Secretary corruption. The Second Issue was the Governor’s swimming pool which used a lot of Institutional budgets. The results of this study showed that the curative aspect is dominant in the management issues process. Furthermore, press conferences are the dominant strategy tool used by West Java Provincial Government Public Relations to inform how they solve any problem. The aspect that must be improved in neutralizing issues consists of the less in-depth trend analysis, and several media has not been classified properly
BUNG KARNO’s POLITICAL THOUGHT ACCORDING TO PANCASILA: A Study of Bung Karno’s Speech on June 1, 1945, and the President Soekarno/Bung Karno’s Pancasila Course Throughout 1958-1959
Full text linkThis paper examines the evolution of Bung Karno’s Pancasila concept, tracing its origins from his pivotal June 1, 1945 speech and the comprehensive elucidation of Pancasila during the 1958 Pancasila Course, a crucial moment in shaping its official formulation. Pancasila has become an enduring cornerstone of Indonesian ideology. This prompts a closer examination of Sukarno’s political ideals. This study scrutinizes Bung Karno’s Pancasila ideology within the context of his political philosophy. Methodologically, this article employs a Qualitative-Descriptive approach, primarily drawing on literature and documentary sources. The concept of deconstruction has also used in this article. The findings underscore how Sukarno’s political convictions found expression in Pancasila. His political thought was deeply influenced by Indonesia’s social and political landscape, emphasizing the nation’s diverse yet interconnected destiny and history. Sukarno ingeniously infused this diversity with spiritual unity, encapsulated in the five principles known as “Pancasila.” For Sukarno, Pancasila wasn’t theoretical; it was his practical political tool to manage diversity and avert polarization among Indonesian citizens. The first principle, “Believe in One Supreme God,” was particularly pivotal, serving as the foundation on which the others relied to maintain their integrity. This study sheds light on how Pancasila became more than just a concept; it was Sukarno’s practical response to the complexities of Indonesia’s socio-political landscape, emphasizing unity amidst diversity
SERVANT LEADERSHIP AS POLITICAL WILL TO PERFORM A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION IN THE CITY OF TANGERANG SELATAN
Full text linkAn organization is a place for several people or groups who carry out activities calling for goals with profit and non-profit plans. Organizational development, both profit and non-profit, requires a leader who can show his political will to run the organization. A leader in a non-profit organization still needs to pay attention to the interests of the members and those served. This study discusses servant leadership as political will in running non-profit organizations in South Tangerang City, Banten, Indonesia. The method used is qualitative, with a case study in a non-profit organization in the South Tangerang area. The study involved four informants with focus group discussions. Each informant stated the questions submitted. This study looks at five categories of servant leadership or servant leadership as the political will to run non-profit organizations, through the categories of servant leadership namely (1) delegation, (2) integrity, (3) motivation, (4) human resource development, (5) Remembering to communicate, that leaders in non-profit organizations in South Tangerang City are politically aware that servant leadership is a form of self-will in running an organization. Leaders in non-profit organizations are passionate about developing teams and meeting members’ needs in a disinterested organization, not for the personal needs of a leader