Indian Journal of Community Health
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Conceptual understanding of Sustainable Health and Linking Nutrition to Sustainable Development Goals
Get PDFNutrition is a development indicator. It indicates advancement in health, education, employment, women’s empowerment, poverty, inequality reduction, and it can help in building peaceful, secure, and stable societies.” It is one of the important components which is directly or indirectly related to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Multiple factors such as education, economic status, occupation, water, sanitation, hygiene, etc are interlinked with nutrition. In this article, we have emphasized the relationship of various SDGs with nutrition. Global and multi-sectorial involvement is required in the battle with malnutrition. Adequately nourished people are more productive and active. By breaking the cycles of hunger and malnutrition, we can create a path for achieving SDGs
Unnat Bharat Abhiyan: An Opportunity to participate in a National Program to Implement & Complement Family Adoption Program for Holistic Rural development
No full textMedical education in India is predominantly based on Theoretical and bedside teaching. A significant reorientation is needed in medical education, to allow students to understand the grass root level social health dynamics. National Medical commission introduced Family Adoption program as a modality to address this issue to be implemented by all medical colleges for all students admitted from academic year 2022 onwards. The Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (UBA) is a flagship national program of Government of India for holistic rural development by engaging and enabling higher educational institutions to utilize their expertise for accelerating sustainable growth and development of rural India. The Medical Universities/colleges can participate in Unnat Bharat Abhiyan and utilize its platform for implementation of statutory Family adoption program. We developed a Model where in Health sciences Universities/colleges can leverage their expertise in Health care for benefit of adopted villages and Communities by nurturing their health based on our experience of implementing both Unnat Bharat Abhiyan & Family Adoption Program. We propose various measures in which Health sciences Universities/colleges can implement both programs in sync to complement each other towards common goal of welfare of adopted villages. We believe our model is feasible and can address complementary requirements of Unnat Bharat Abhiyan and Family adoption program and benefit all the stakeholders involved
Exploring the trends of breathlessness and mortality in conjunction with AQI in India’s coal capital, Dhanbad
Get PDFBackground: Air Quality Index (AQI) has been evidenced to be linked with various health problems including NCDs. Globally, the combined effect of ambient air and household air pollution causes 6.7 million premature deaths. Objective: A study was undertaken to understand various associations of AQI and morbidity data, indigenous to the coal capital region of India. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study where district AQI data was obtained from the state of Jharkhand while mortality and morbidity data were collected from our medical college. MS Excel and SPSS were used to analyse the data. Results: During the study period, the AQI of Dhanbad has been moderate to poor. The lowest AQI was noted in May 2020 at 105 while the highest in June 2019 at 217. The highest admission, due to respiratory illness, was noted in May 2020 with AQI of 105. Using univariate analysis age categorisation was statistically significant, as the respiratory illness was highest in >85 years age group. In logistic regression, it has the highest odds of 2.9 (1.5-5.5). Conclusion: This region-specific indigenous information is expected to provide a valuable tool for Air quality managers for more focused action. It also highlights the health impacts of the worsening air quality
Burden of anxiety in Adolescent: A community-based study in Western Uttar Pradesh
Get PDFBackground: Anxiety is a prevalent issue among adolescents and can adversely affect their academic performance and everyday functioning. Aims & Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anxiety among adolescents in urban and rural areas and to study the socio-demographic correlates of anxiety among adolescents in urban and rural areas. Methods: A comprehensive survey was conducted in the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine of a Medical College in western district of Uttar Pradesh. The survey was aimed at young people between the ages of 10 and 19 who lived in the practice area of the medical college. Result: The burden of anxiety was observed to be 19.6 % (n=92). Female gender, urban residence, early adolescent age-group (10-13 yr), nuclear family, day-time somnolence and family history of mental illness were factors having statistical significance. Poor education level of parents was also statistically significant. Physical activity and substance abuse did not have significant contribution in burden of anxiety. Conclusion: Anxiety in adolescents is a significant issue influenced by various factors. Early intervention and support are crucial
Determinants of nutritional outcome among beneficiaries of Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre
Get PDFBackground: Under Mission Balam Sukham, children of 6 months to 5 years having severe acute malnutrition (SAM) along with complications are managed at Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre (NRC). They are admitted for 14 days with the provision of a nutritional diet and medicines. Objectives: To explore determinants of nutritional outcome of SAM children admitted at NRC Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted comprising 63 children aged 6 months to 5 years having SAM along with complications admitted at NRC of New Civil Hospital, Surat (NCHS) for 10 months. Results: The majority of participants were boys (54%), 12-23 months of age (50.8%), and Grade III socioeconomic class (39.6%). The duration of stay ranged from 2-36 days. The average duration of stay was 12.78 + 6.49 days; 14.26 ± 5.99 days for boys and 11.10 + 6.73 for girls. 18.8% stayed at NRC for 14 days. The average weight gain was 5.46 g/kg/day. A significant improvement in weight was seen in boys (t=2.20, p<0.05), working mothers (t=2.44, p<0.01), exclusively breastfed children (t=3.62, p<0.01) of 6-11 months, full-term children of 12-23 months (t=4.0, p<0.05). The children of 12-23 months (t=2.90, p<0.01) and boys (t=2.15, p<0.05) showed significant improvement in underweight (WAZ). Wasting improved significantly in age below 36 months (p<0.05). 20.6% could achieve the target weight. Conclusion: NRC is an effective life-saving modality for malnutrition but its outcome is associated with factors like boys, exclusive breastfeeding, and full-term
One Minute Preceptor Model – place or to replace
Get PDFIntroduction: Neher\u27s 1992 One Minute Preceptor Model (OMP) offers a concise teaching approach based on five micro skills. Its acceptance led to research on efficacy, with a critical factor being the teacher\u27s skill. In medical education, where small group teaching prevails, understanding factors influencing teaching effectiveness is crucial. Methods: Conducted at Dr. D Y Patil Medical College, the mixed-methods interventional study involved 32 Postgraduate Students and 4 Professors. A randomized controlled trial and qualitative interviews assessed the impact of OMP on teaching efficacy and gathered teachers\u27 experiences. Results: Quantitative analysis revealed varied preferences among teachers for OMP and traditional methods, emphasizing the importance of teacher choice. Thematic analysis of qualitative interviews highlighted perceptions favouring OMP for efficiency and traditional methods for foundational teaching. Conclusion: An approach, to accommodate different teaching preferences, can enhance overall educational outcomes
Behavioral Risk Factors of HBV Infection and its Association with HBs Ag Positivity among Residents of Kaza Sub- division of District Lahaul & Spiti in Himachal Pradesh
Get PDFBackground: Chronic viral hepatitis is a major global public health problem, an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We conducted this study to evaluate the behavioral risk factors of HBV infection and its association with HBsAg positivity among residents of Kaza sub-division of district Lahaul & Spiti in Himachal Pradesh.
Material & Methods: The study was carried out by the Gastroenterology, Community Medicine, and Microbiology Department at Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla at Kaza, a subdivision of Lahaul & Spiti. The cluster sampling technique was used to get the desired sample size of 4000. Forty clusters were chosen using a probability proportionate to size sampling method, and 100 research participants were added to each cluster using a simple random sampling method. The data was gathered using a pre-tested interview plan. A blood sample of 5ml from each study participant was obtained, and its HBsAg content was examined. Results: In our study, 2.7% of the interviewed respondents’ parents were positive for hepatitis B and 3.7% reported one positive family member. Injectable drug use was reported by 1.6 (68/4231). Among these users 8.8% (6/68) shared needles with other IDUs in last 12 months and 35.3% (24/68) used a common container to draw up drug solution. Sexual intercourse was reported to be experienced by 15.5 (655/4231) and 12.2% either did not disclose or were children. Out of those who ever experienced sexual/penetrative intercourse 38.3% (251/655) had reported it with someone else other than a spouse. Majority of these had two partners other than a spouse (30.3%; 76/251). Around 30% (195/655) reported of using a condom in their last intercourse. Body piercings or a tattoo from someone who doesn’t sterilize his or her equipment, including local treatment from lamas, was prevalent among 16.3% of the population (689/4231). Acupuncture was taken as a remedy for any medical condition by 9% of participants. Regression analysis also revealed that one infected family member emerged as an independent factor associated with HBsAg positive test after adjusting for confounders.
Conclusion: Our study provided much important information concerning hepatitis B risk factors in this tribal group. Health education about behavioral risk factors among this tribal population should be the main intervention that might help limit the spread of these blood-borne infections
A Study on Internet and Gaming Addiction, Hikikomori Trait and Insomnia Status among Medical Undergraduates at one of Cities of Western India
Get PDFBackground: College students appear more vulnerable in developing a dependence on the internet. Individuals with hikikomori are frequently reported to have social contact predominantly via the internet.
Objectives: To find the prevalence of Internet addiction, gaming Addiction, Hikikomori Trait and Insomnia amongst medical undergraduates and to study their association with various determinants.
Methodology: The present Cross-Sectional study was conducted among first to final-year medical students studying at various medical colleges in Indian City from February to May 2021. Data collection was done after obtaining the ethical permission of the Institute. A total of 400 students who gave consent were sent an electronic questionnaire.
Results: The mean age of study participants was 20 ± 1.58 years. Internet addiction was present in 189(47.2%) participants, gaming addiction in 128 (32%) students and Hikikomori Trait was found in 98(24.5%) students. There was a statistically significant association between different grades of insomnia and internet, gaming addiction, and hikikomori trait (<?0.0001) in the present study.
Conclusion: Internet addiction was present in almost half of the medical students while gaming addiction was seen in nearly one third of the students. Male gender and hostel stay had a statistically significant association with internet addiction, gaming addiction, insomnia and hikikomori trait
Healthcare Seeking Behaviour of Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients During Second Wave in Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India
Get PDFBackground: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues its deadly reign all over the world. Devising effective strategies for detecting and controlling the infection has become ever more critical. Effective prevention and control of the pandemic is entirely dependent on human behavior in terms of practicing preventive and curative measures. During the second wave of COVID-19, people’s perceptions of preventive and curative measures changed.
Objective: To study healthcare-seeking behavior of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Methods: Hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 in the month of March, April and May of 2021 were included in the study. Their attendants/close relatives were contacted telephonically to know about the admitted patients’ healthcare-seeking behavior. Verbal consent was taken from attendants before the commencement of the interview, followed by informing them about the purpose of the interview.
Results: Amongst the subjects, there were more males than females (67.5 vs 32.4%), age ranged between 18 to 88 with a mean value of 56.61 ± 14.7 years. Self-medication was significantly associated with study subjects’ mortality (p=0.03). Conclusion: Elderly people were having higher mortality rate than their younger counterparts. People were hesitant to visit primary care physicians after having symptoms of COVID-19
Is there any Window of Opportunity to Tackle Geriatric Malnutrition?
Get PDFIndia has seen an increase in its greying population in recent years. The elderly population has a lot to contribute to society, but various problems like malnutrition can hinder their activities. India has been taking various nutritional interventions but has mainly focused on women and children, while the elderly have been neglected. Even after taking nutritional programmes to national platforms, the sustainability question hovers in the policy makers’ minds. Advanced and novel steps should be taken to ensure the long-term viability of existing programs, which can serve as the foundation for new interventions for the new group. Public health should participate in the new schemes that are currently in place to achieve the other SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), as the SDG 2030 agenda brings different opportunities to act against malnutrition