Indian Journal of Community Health
Not a member yet
1720 research outputs found
Sort by
A comparative study on prevalence of life-style diseases for National Family Health Survey five and four in Uttar Pradesh
Get PDFBackground: The starting points that setting off the lifestyle disease come with substantial passiveness, crummy food practices, tense biorhythm, incorrect way of body gait etc. NCDs account for 41 million annual deaths, or 74% of all deaths worldwide. Due to NCDs, 86% of these premature fatalities take place annually in low- and middle-income nations. Aim & Objective: To compare the prevalence of obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes in Uttar Pradesh. Methodology: A cross-sectional study, which was community-based, probability sampling, was employed. Each unit in the survey population had an equal chance of being chosen throughout the sampling process. The NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 surveys\u27 publicly available data served as the study\u27s foundation which maintain participant confidentiality and are readily available from the NFHS website. MS words excel sheet Results: In Uttar Pradesh, the BMI for men and women in urban areas has grown from the NFHS-4 to the NFHS-5 survey. Comparatively, the prevalence of diabetes among women is 6.3% in urban areas and 5.6% in rural ones, whilst the prevalence among males is 8.2% in urban areas and 7.5% in rural areas. In women, the prevalence of hypertension is 20.6%, whereas in men it is 30%. Conclusions: Lifestyle-related disorders are becoming more prevalent leads to the socioeconomic threat to population as well as nations. It is very important that drift of NCDs and their confederated risk factors play a very critical for making policies and guidelines for preventive and curative management
Screening for non-communicable diseases and counselling for risk factors modification in health & wellbeing clinic at a tertiary care hospital
Get PDFNon-communicable diseases like diabetes and hypertension are highly prevalent and make a substantive contribution to the global burden of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. Because lifestyle behaviors have been shown to be effective in preventing and treating several types of diseases that can ultimately lead to a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality, several widely accepted treatment guidelines for specific diseases include lifestyle modification strategies. We aim to identify the suspected cases of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension & the risk factors among screened participants. We found 18% of them were found to be suspected as diabetics and 5% of them were suspected to be hypertension. We observed statistically significant association with risk factors between both the known cases and suspected cases of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Screening programs can strengthen healthcare system initiatives and reduce the growing burden of both diabetes and hypertension in India
Sleep quality among medical students during third wave of COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Government Medical College Jammu
Get PDFBackground: COVID-19 has caused lot of suffering for everyone. Hundreds of thousands of people were affected in all aspects. Increased stress due to the pandemic may affect medical students\u27 sleep quality. The authors aimed to evaluate the sleep quality of medical students during pandemic and relationship, if any, between sleep quality and and socio-demographic variables. Methods: An online survey of medical students was conducted in January 2022, when India was in third wave of pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire at a tertiary teaching hospital in Jammu, UT, J&K, India. Results: Among 307 participants, mean global PSQI score was 9.91± 3.62 which indicated a poor quality of sleep. Among the component scores, habitual sleep efficiency had the highest score of 2.99± 0.16. Majority (91.53%) of the respondents had a poor sleep quality with global PSQI score >5. Among the socio-demographic variables, alcohol intake and any conflict in the family were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nine out of ten medical students have insufficient sleep, which is a real cause for concern. The authors recommend that stress management (anxiety), lifestyle changes, and sleep training be included in the medical record and updated regularly
Self-Care in Diabetes as perceived by diabetic patients – A Systematic Qualitative Approach
Get PDFBackground: India is one of several developing nations where diabetes mellitus has grown to be a severe global public health concern. The individual, medical staff, and healthcare system are all subject to a heavy burden of care. As a result, there is a huge need of self-care practices in a variety of domains, such as nutrition, exercise, foot care, and blood sugar monitoring. Objectives: To determine perceptions regarding self-care management among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus following up at rural field practice areas of a tertiary care institute in Mangaluru. Materials and methods: Qualitative study using systematic technique by free listing approach was carried out on a total of forty patients confirmed type 2 Diabetes. By consecutive sampling 20 patients each from 2 field practice areas of a Tertiary medical institute were taken. Results: The general reason leading on to the diagnosis of diabetes stated was tiredness which had a composite salience of 0.48. The composite salience for self-care practice was 0.48. Participants stating that diabetes can be controlled had a composite salience of 0.3. Conclusion: Perception regarding self-care included diet, foot care, stress reduction and exercise with majority mentioning that diabetes can be controlled by these self -care mechanisms
Predictors of menstrual health management among the high school adolescent girls
Get PDFBackground: Adolescence (10-19 years) is an essential human developmental stage, during which physical, sexual, psychological, and social development occurs Objectives: To estimate the knowledge and attitude regarding menstruation health as well as its determinants among school going adolescent girls. Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among school going adolescent girls. In addition to descriptive analysis, bi-variate analysis was also done to find out the association between various predictors of knowledge and attitudes of the study population. Results: Majority of the adolescent girls preferred mother (75.6%) as a source of information regarding puberty related issue with 86.2% of them using health related sanitary pad as one of the methods for menstrual hygiene. Conclusion: Proper menstrual hygiene practices which could be imparted through appropriate interventions at earlier stages of life can prevent the girls and women from suffering reproductive morbidities
Effect of sleep on blood pressure among adults of urban slums: A Cross sectional study
Get PDFIntroduction: Hypertension, the “Silent, Invisible killer” - is a modern day’s universal epidemic. The adult populations in slum area are more vulnerable for hypertension as they are so busy in the fulfilment of even day to day basic needs and care, family commitments and economic stress. Aim and objectives: To estimate the prevalence of hypertension among the adults (25-44 years) and to study the effect of sleep on blood pressure levels. Methodology: The present cross-sectional study was carried among adults aged between 25 to 44 years residing in the slums of Meerut District. 30 Cluster Sampling technique was used. The slum was selected as a cluster unit. During the visit by house-to-house survey, members of the family were listed and eligible person were interviewed and examined. Data collected on a structured and pretested questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of hypertension among those who had sleep duration of >8 hours per day was 44.8% followed by 20.1% and 17.5% among those who had 7-8 hours and less than 7 hours of sleep time respectively. It was found that 24.2% monophasic sleep pattern follower were hypertensives while the prevalence was 19.4% in biphasic pattern. Conclusion: Majority (55.4%) had a sleep duration between 7-8 hours, followed by 33.9% and 10.7% with <7 hours and >8 hours of sleep time respectively. Majority (61.3%) of the study population were having monophasic sleep pattern, while 36.3% were biphasic and 2.4% were multiphasic
A perspective on how to improve the quality of life of elderly people living in rural areas
Get PDFIntroduction: We are going to witness the demographic shift with the predictable trends of population ageing and thus need to understand healthy ageing. This study was aimed to understand factors that influence the quality of life (QOL) of the elderly. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in 4 selected villages including males and females of age group > 60 years of age. 20 elderly individuals and 10 elderly individuals were chosen for a free listing and pile sorting exercise respectively. Smith\u27s index was calculated for a free listing. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis were conducted to do pile sorting of data. Data were analyzed using Flame v1.2 and Anthropac. Result: During free-listing, 54 salient items were identified. Financial stability, healthy living, self-sufficiency, and work engagement were the most frequent responses that came from the study subjects. 25 salient items that were repeated in the free-listing exercise were included for the pile-sorting. The piles generated ranged from 3-12. Later, 25 perceived items (factors) for improving quality of life were clustered into 5 groups (Role of harmonious family, healthy ageing, daily schedule activity, leisure time and external support). Conclusion: The elderly recognized that a harmonious family, healthy ageing, daily schedule with leisure activity, and Government support can all improve their quality of life
Profile of various congenital anomalies in fetus detected during antenatal period among high risk mothers by Ultrasonography at Tertiary Care Centre, South Gujarat
Get PDFBackground: With the improvement of basic maternal and child health care services, the deaths due to malnutrition and infections are on a descending trend and due to westernization and lifestyle modifications, perinatal deaths due to anomalies are in ascending trend. Aim & Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the antenatal proportion of congenital anomalies, types, pattern of anomalies and factors associated with anomalies in Tertiary Care Centre, South Gujarat. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study in Department of Fetal Medicine of New Civil Hospital, Surat. Methods and Material: Sample size was 435. First 10 consecutive high-risk ANC patients, who were referred to Fetal Medicine department from Obstetrics and Gynecology department per day were selected. Data was collected during September 2021 to February 2022. Statistical analysis used: Frequencies, proportions and tests of significance was applied for testing the association of socio-demographic variables, clinical variables etc on presence or absence of congenital anomalies. Results: Proportion of different types of congenital anomalies in high risk pregnant mother was 17.2%. There was significant association between presence of congenital anomalies with history of irregular menstruation (p value: 0.001, OR: 5.19, [CI: 1.76-15.27]) and inadequate amniotic fluid (p value: 0.00, OR: 14.5[CI: 7.23-29.06]). Among total detected anomalies in Ultrasonography scanning, most common anomalies were Cardio-vascular system anomalies (36.4%) and Central Nervous System anomalies (24%). Conclusions: Congenital anomalies were present in about 17 % of high risk antenatal mothers
Knowledge, attitude and practise regarding Mosquito borne diseases in urban and rural areas of Maval, Western Maharashtra
Get PDFBackground: Mosquito-borne diseases, have always been a serious health concern in South East Asian countries, particularly India. Maharashtra was reported as one of the highly endemic areas in India and recorded the second-highest number of deaths due to Dengue. The comprehensive management of mosquito-borne diseases hinges not solely on the efforts of health authorities but also on the community\u27s understanding, mindset, and proactive approach in pursuing timely treatment. Aim & Objective: To assess and compare knowledge, attitude and practices of people residing in both the strata regarding Mosquito borne diseases. Methods and Material: A comparative analysis was undertaken in the Maval region, encompassing both rural and urban settings, through a cross-sectional study. Taluka. A sample size of 250 houses—125 houses in each stratum were surveyed. Data collection involved interviews with head of family or next available person. Statistical analysis used: Microsoft excel was used for chi quare and z value. Results: Awareness regarding Mosquito borne disease was 87.2% in urban population and 73.6% in rural population. Conclusions: There are gaps in understanding the timing of Mosquito bites and the identification of breeding sites. This underscores the need for improved knowledge and awareness, with focus on Mosquito control measures to effectively combat these diseases
An epidemiological study on assessment of Diabetes risk and determinants among adult population in urban area of Diphu, Assam
Get PDFIntroduction: India is known as capital of Diabetes all over the world. Diabetes is a lifestyle disease which affects all age groups. Objective: To identify the risk of developing Diabetes in adults using Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and identify associated factors. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 200 adults who were non-diabetic by systematic random sampling in urban area, Diphu, Assam using pre-designed semi structured questionnaire, validated IDRS and anthropometric measurements. SPSS Version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Predictors of risk of Diabetes was identified by logistic regression. Results: Among 200 participants, moderate risk was found in 106 subjects and high risk was found in 71 subjects. On multiple regression analysis, age, marital status, education, fruit consumption, blood pressure, Body mass index and physical activity were significantly associated with risk of developing Diabetes. Conclusion: Individuals at risk of diabetes should be identified by screening so that appropriate interventions can be done to prevent/delay the onset of diabetes