Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
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RESPON DUA NOMOR HARAPAN PIRETRUM TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN
Get PDFResponses of two promising clones of pyrethrum to fertilizer applicationPyrethrum is one of the potential botani-cal pesticides to be further developed for the substitution of synthetic pesticide such as pyreth-roid, which is found to be harmful both to the environment and human being. Therefore, high yielding plant material with high pyrethrin content is a prerequisite for a continuous supply of raw material in botanical pesticides produc-tion. For that purpose, two promising clones of pyrethrum were assessed for their response to fertilizer application and conducted at Kayu Giyang village (1500 m asl) of Wonosobo re-gency, Central Java. Two promising clones of pyrethrum namely Prau 6 and Gunung Wates 45 were subjected to seven NPK fertilizer combina-tion treatments using Split Plot Design with three replications. The results showed that N and P fertilizer applications at the Kayu Giyang, Dieng highland were able in improving produc-tivity of pyrethrum by increasing flower number and flower fresh weight of both Prau 6 and Gunung Wates 45 clones, significantly. NPK application with medium dosage (100 kg N, 200 kg P, and 100 kg K/ha) was able to produce high productivity and fertilizer efficiency. However, there was no significant effect as compared to the high dosage application. Based on the nut-rient status and dry weight, it could be con-cluded that amount of N absorbed by plant was high, followed by K and P. Furthermore, based on the nutrient status, the P fertilizer absorbed by pyrethrum was relatively low and approxi-mately 20.00% from N absorbed. The pyrethrin contents from the two clones tested were relatively high (>1.00%).
STUDI PENDAHULUAN : INDUKSI KALUS EMBRIOGENIK DARI EKSPLAN DAUN Echinaceae purpurea
Get PDFEchinaceae is an introduced medicinal plant used to improve immune system of the body. Lately, interest on Echinaceae increased, however, good plant material for development is limited. One method to multiply plant material is the in vitro culture, so that research and development especially in vitro multiplication is required. The aim of the experiment is to procure a medium for the induction of embryonic callus and the technique of regeneration. The experiment is conducted at the Laboratory of Breeding and Genetic Resources, ISMECRI from January to December 2002, consisted of 2 steps, namely(1). Embryonic callus induction, (2). Callus regeneration. In the first step, explants were transferred into MS medium enrich with BA 0,1 mg/l + 2,4 D 0,5 mg/l and a combination medium of MS and LS medium supplemented with glutamine + BA (0,1 mg/l; 0,2 mg/l) + 2,4 D (0,5mg/l ; 1 mg/l). In the second step, regeneration was conducted on medium MS combined with LS + BA (0 mg/l + 0,2 mg/l + 0,4 mg/l), MS combined with LS + Kinetine (0,2 mg/l; 0,4 mg/l). The results showed that embryonic callus was obtained from culture of leaf explants on MS medium combined with LS. The best treatment for step regeneration was MS combined LS + BA 0,4 mg/l for shoot formation while MS combined LS + kinetine 0,4 mg/l induced root formation.
MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS, PERAKARAN DAN AKLIMATISASI TANAMAN SAMBANG NYAWA (Gynura procumbens)
Get PDFShoots Multiplication, Rooting, and Acclimatization of Gynura procumbensThe research was performance to obtain shoots multiplication, rooting and acclimati-zation of Gynura procumbens was conducted January 2004 to May 2005 at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture of Gremplasm and Breeding Division. This research was conducted within two steps, i.e. 1) : Shoots multiplication in : MS + BA (0; 0,1; 0,3 and 0,5 ) mg/l; 2) rooting and acclimatization. Explants were culture on rooting medium MS + IAA (0,1; 0,3); MS + IBA (0,1; 0,3) or NAA (0,1 and 0,3) mg/l. Acclimatization were performanced on the two kinds of media i.e. dung manure + soil (1 : 1) or husk + soil (1 : 1). Rooting and shoots multiplication were arranged in completely randomized design, with 10 replications and 2 explants for each bottle. Acclimatization was arranged in randomized-block design with 10 replications and 1 plantlet for each treatment. The results showed the best medium for multiplication shoot was MS-free hormone with 5,4 shoots, 2 months after cultured. The highest number of roots was obtained in NAA 0,1 mg/l with 9,3/plantet. MS + IBA 0,3 mg/l give the longest roots (9,58 cm) and IAA 0,1 mg/l the highest number of leaf (12/plantet). Interaction between the source medium and acclimatization medium was observed however, there was no significantly difference between IAA 0,1 mg/l and IBA 0,1 mg/l in number of shoots and long shoots (5,2 and 5,01 cm).
MODEL MATEMATIKA KADAR AIR KESEIMBANGAN DUA PARAMETER UNTUK LADA
Get PDFThe Mathematical Model for Two Parameters of Equilibrium Moisture Content for Black PepperEquilibrium of Moisture Content (EMC) plays an important role in drying and storage processes. The research was conducted at the Post Harvest Laboratory, Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, from June 2 to 30, 2001. The research aimed to determine a suitable model of isotherm sorption for pepper commodities, which can be applied on drying and storage processes at the field. The method used was the static method at temperature 40, 45 and 50 oC and range of water activity (Aw) 0.20 – 0.64. The models correlated were the Henderson, Chung-Pfost, Oswin and Halsey, by using numerical method with the BASIC language. The result showed that the two parameters (temperature and relative humidity) of mathematical model had given good result compared with the experimental data. The model of Halsey showed the best accuracy among the other models and it can be used for prediction of the isotherm sorption for black pepper, while the Oswin model for white pepper.
PENGARUH NAUNGAN DAN PUPUK FOSFOR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)
Get PDFThe effect of shade and phosphor on the growth and production of PogostemonA pot experiment aiming at the optimal effect of shade and phosphor fertilizer on the growth and yield of Pogostemon plant of the Sidikalang type was carried out at Cimanggu experimental garden of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor, from September 1998 to January 1999. The research was carried out factorially with a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of two factors, which are shade (without shade and 50% shade), and phosphor fertilizer (without phosphor, 0,69 g P/polybag, 1,38 g P/polybag). The result of the research showed that 50% shade treatment significantly increased the plant height, number of leaf, number of branch, wide of crown, stem diameter, fresh and dry leaf weight, fresh and dry stem weight. The P treatment (0,69 g P/polybag) significantly increased the number of branch, number of leaf and stem diameter. Significant on Interaction between shade and P Occuronly on stem diameter. The interaction of 50% shade with 0 g P/polybag showed the biggest dramecer treatment, followed by 50% shade with 1,38 g P/polybag and 50% shade with 0,69 g P/polybag
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DAN FREKWENSI PEMBERIAN PUPUK DAUN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PANILI DI PEMBIBITAN
Get PDFResearch on the effect of concentration and frequency of foliar fertilizer application on growth of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) was carried out at the experimental garden of The Indonesian spice and medicinal crops Research Institute, West Java, from May until October, 1996. The experiment was conducted with a randomized block design, with 3 replicates and 10 treatments. The treatments were control, 1,5 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/twice a week, 1,5 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/once a week, 1,5 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/once in two weeks, 3 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/twice a week 3 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/once a week, 3 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/ once in two weeks 4,5 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/twice a week 4,5 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/once a week, and 4,5 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/once in two weeks. The foliar fertilizer used was NPK (30-10-10) plus trace elements, such as Fe, Co, B, Mo, Mg and vitamine B1. The result showed that application of 1,5 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/twice a week and 4,5 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/once in two weeks were the best for the growth of vanilla at nursery. However, application of 4,5 g foliar fertilizer/4 liter/once in two weeks is efisien.
KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI TANAMAN CABE JAWA (Piper retrofractum. Vahl) DI BEBERAPA SENTRA PRODUKSI
Get PDFCabe jawa merupakan salah satu tanaman obat potensial Indonesia, namun karakteristik tanaman yang dikembangkan di masing-masing daerah belum diketahui. Pene-litian dilakukan di beberapa daerah sentra produksi yaitu Jawa Tengah (Wonogiri), Jawa Timur (Madura, Lamongan, dan Jember) dan Bali pada Juli 2003 dengan metode observasi langsung. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi tanaman di beberapa sentra produksi. Tanaman yang di-amati berumur sekitar 5 tahun, sebanyak 50 tanaman setiap lokasi. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan bahwa cabe jawa bervariasi dalam bentuk morfologi daun, buah, batang, dan cabang dari 23 nomor aksesi yang dikarak-terisasi. Karakter yang baik untuk membedakan tanaman cabe jawa adalah bentuk daun dan buah. Morfologi daun cabe jawa dapat dibeda-kan ke dalam 2 kelompok, yaitu bentuk daun lebar (membulat) di daerah Curah Nongko Jember, dan daun sempit (lanset) terdapat hampir di semua lokasi. Bentuk buah dibe-dakan ke dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu bentuk buah bulat panjang, bulat pendek, panjang pipih, dan panjang kecil. Hasil analisis cluster menunjuk-kan bahwa tanaman cabe jawa memiliki tingkat kesamaan yang bervariasi dengan nilai ter-tinggi ditunjukan oleh Piret 22 (92,09) dan terendah pada Piret 1 (26,29)
UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK LEMPUYANG GAJAH (Zingiber zerumbet) TERHADAP LARVA UDANG (Artemia salina Leach.)
Get PDFZingiber zerumbet has been used for long time as a traditional medicine to cure dysentri, stoma-chache, and also as carminative. The present work was to study the toxicity of extract of Z. zerumbet used Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method and A. salina as bio indicator. The raw material came from Bogor, Subang, Sumedang and Garut. The method of quality was used Materia Medika Indonesia (MMI) such ash content, ash insoluble in acid, water and alcohol soluble extractives and also fiber, starch and curcumin contents. Extracts were made by mace-ration combination with stirring and 3 types of solvents, such as polar (methanol), semi polar (ethyl acetate) and non polar (hexane). The chemical compounds were analyses by thin layer chromatography (TLC) with toluene : ethyl acetate : acetic acid = 8 : 2 : 2 drops as a eluen and 50% sulphuric acid as spray and GCMS. The result showed that there was variation between areas for ash, ash insoluble in acid, water and alcohol soluble extractives. And also in the fiber, starch and curcumin contents were different. The highest of water and, alcohol soluble extractives were from Garut followed by Sumedang. For fiber, starch and curcumin contents were from Sume-dang, Bogor and Subang, respectively. The highest and the lowest yield of extract were from ethyl acetate, Bogor (8.30%) and hexane, Garut (1.49%). The highest and the lowest LD5o of ex-tracts were from ethyl acetate, it was 1.85 ppm and 108.05 ppm, respectively. The result of TLC sho-wed that there were differences in chemical compound separations from extracts between areas, respectively. The identification of chemical compound was showed that the chemical com-ponent of extract which was showed the highest LD5o has the mixture of organic compound such as buthyl hexadecanoat, followed by octadeca-noate acid, hexacosan; and also the component which found in zingiberaceae family such as 3-hydroxy-ll-hyperoxy bisabolan-1,9-dien; 2', 4', 5' trimethoxyphenyl butadien, 7-(4'hyroxyi-3'metho-xyphenyl)-1 hept-4-en-3-on and 1,7 diphenyl-3,5 -heptan dion.
KELAYAKAN USAHA PENGOLAHAN MINYAK GANDAPURA DI KABUPATEN WONOSOBO JAWA TENGAH
Get PDFMinyak gandapura (Gaultheria fragrantissima) mengandung methylsalisilat yang banyak digunakan dalam industri farmasi. Indonesia masih mengimpor minyak gandapura sintentik dari Cina untuk kebutuhan industri farmasi. Sampai saat ini tanaman gandapura di Indonesia belum dibudidayakan, untuk memperoleh terna segarnya petani masih menambang dari daerah pegunungan yang tumbuh secara liar. Dalam rangka menggali potensi pengembangan pengusahaan minyak gandapura, telah dilakukan kajian awal bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan usaha pengolahan minyak gandapura. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus di industri/pengrajin minyak gandapura milik Kelompok Tani Rukun yang berlokasi di Desa Sikunang, Kecamatan Kejajar, Kabupaten Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah mulai bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2003. Untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha pengolahan minyak gandapura digunakan indikator kelayakan Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa usaha pengolahan minyak gandapura di Kabupaten Wonosobo layak secara finansial. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai BCR 1,60 dan memberikan pendapatan sebesar Rp. 400.000,- per hari atau Rp.16.000,- per orang/hari, lebih besar dari pada upah tenaga harian yang berlaku setempat (Rp. 12.500,-/HOK)
PENGARUH LOKASI PENYIMPANAN DAN PELAPISAN (COATING) BENIH DENGAN PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP MUTU BENIH RIMPANG JAHE
Get PDFSalah satu permasalahan dalam penyediaan benih jahe adalah terjadinya kerusakan benih seperti penyusutan bobot rimpang, keriput dan bertunas selama penyimpanan. Kendala tersebut dapat dipecahkan melalui penyimpanan di lokasi yang beriklim sejuk dan pelapisan benih pestisida nabati. Informasi lokasi penyimpanan dan pelapisan benih untuk mempertahankan mutu benih jahe masih terbatas. Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari mutu fisik, fisiologis benih pada lokasi dan cara pelapisan yang berbeda. Percobaan dilakukan di Cimanggu, Bogor dan KP. Gunung Putri, Balittro sejak Agustus 2009 sampai Januari 2010. Percobaan faktorial, dengan dua faktor, tiga ulangan dan 20 sampel untuk setiap perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Faktor pertama adalah dua tinggi tempat penyimpanan yaitu : 1) KP. Cimanggu (250 m dpl) dan 2) KP. Gunung Putri (1.400 m dpl). Faktor kedua adalah tujuh perlakuan coating yaitu : 1) Kontrol, 2) (Cekam EC), 3). Cees EC, 4) (Mitol 2 ml/l), 5) Ditama SP, 6) Minyak jarak 10 ml/l dan 7) Rehidrasi. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap bulan, parameter yang diamati meliputi mutu fisik (penyusutan bobot rimpang dan kadar air) serta kualitas mutu fisiologis (daya tumbuh, jumlah rimpang bertunas, jumlah tunas per impang dan panjang tunas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutu fisik dan fisiologis benih - rimpang jahe, dipengaruhi oleh lokasi penyimpanan, tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh pelapisan dan interaksinya. KP. Gunung Putri dengan rata rata suhu harian 19,20C dan kelembaban 90,1% layak digunakan sebagai lokasi penyimpanan benih jahe, sampai 5 bulan, kualitas benih tidak berbeda dengan kondisi sebelum penyimpanan tanpa memerlukan perlakuan benih khusus. Oleh karena itu untuk menjaga kualitas, benih jahe harus disimpan di dataran tinggi