Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Romanian Oikonyms and Hodonyms Mirroring the Great Union of 1918. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft - Band 162<br/>(Annals of the Austrian Geographical Society - Volume 162)|
No full textIn the exploration of commemorative names, researchers’ attention has focused increasingly on the relationship between hodonyms and oikonyms, on the one hand, and history, geography, politics, ethnic, social, and cultural context, on the other. These significant aspects determine the authorities’ decision to (re)name public space. The aim of this study is to analyse hodonyms and oikonyms evocative of the Great Union of Romania of 1918, as well as their dissemination and occurrence in urban toponymic landscape. The end of World War I redrew the borders of Europe and led to the appearance of new states, the independence of certain countries, and the unification of others. In this respect, Romania was not an exception, as it joined the neighbouring countries in the reconfiguration of the political map of the old continent. The unification of the country took place on 1 December 1918, a date which has been celebrated since 1990 as the National Day of Romania. To compile the corpus used to investigate toponyms referring to the Great Union of 1918 throughout Romania, the author consulted the mass media and online maps, as they mirror the current state of affairs the best. Precepts from socio-, psycho-, ethnolinguistics, geography and history make up the methodological framework of the research. One of the conclusions of the article is that the Unification of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania is the greatest achievement of the Romanian political elite. Therefore, it had all the odds to become the most frequently encountered commemorative name in Romanian public space as a result of the major political changes of the twentieth century. The linguistic, geographical, religious or social motivation, related to the configuration of a place, loses prominence, as the centre of attention becomes the historical connection accepted by the majority of the population, local administration, and the ruling political class
Wie entstehen Abtragungsflächen? Reliefverebnung durch Pedimentation. Entwicklungen in der deutschen Geologie und Geographie. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft - Band 162<br/>(Annals of the Austrian Geographical Society - Volume 162)|
No full textFließendes Wasser ebnet Relief im Wesentlichen durch Einschneidung in Gerinnen und Rinnen sowie durch anschließende Seitenerosion oder Pedimentation ein. Entscheidende Faktoren sind das Gefälle des Oberflächenabflusses und die Resistenz der Erdoberfläche (Substrat, Vegetation). Ein Gang durch die deutsche Forschungsgeschichte zeigt, dass Pedimentation als Teil der Hangentwicklung aufgefasst werden muss. Nur einmal wurde die Kontinuität physikalisch-geomorphologischen Denkens mittels semantischer Modellierung unterbrochen und „Seitendenudation“ durch „Arbeitsböden“ begründet. Ein physikalisch basiertes Modell des Oberflächenabflusses hat diesen semantischen Exzess aber überwunden und die Pedimentation wieder in den Hangentwicklungsprozess integriert. Talbodenpedimentation ist Seitenerosion in Gerinnen infolge Basisstau, Hangpedimentation ist summierte Talbodenpedimentation in Rinnen. Das Zusammenwachsen von Hangpedimenten nennt man Pediplanation, das von Talbodenpedimenten kann Panplainbildung genannt werden
Die Auswirkungen der „Flüchtlingskrise“ des Jahres 2015 in Österreich: Politische Reaktionen und Einschätzungen von ExpertInnen aus der Praxis. Weitere Online Editionen|Flucht und Asyl - internationale und österreichische Perspektiven|
No full textFrom Exception to Norm? Analysing Gated Housing in Sofia and Kiev since 1989. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft - Band 162<br/>(Annals of the Austrian Geographical Society - Volume 162)|
No full textThirty years after the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 it is time to start a broader reflection on one of the most debated types of housing in Eastern European urban studies. Gated housing was almost unknown in the 1990s but started spreading rapidly at the end of the 2000s in different Eastern European and Post-Soviet countries. However, the 2008–2009 global financial crisis led to a sharp decrease in housing construction in general and of gated communities in particular. In recent years, housing construction as well as housing prices have increased again. Gated communities are part of this recovery. Instead of providing insights from a certain period of boom or crisis, this paper looks at three decades of housing production in general and gated communities in particular. It tries to uncover the institutional and economic background of housing development over the last 30 years. Moreover, it relates these developments to two (South)-Eastern European capital cities (Sofia and Kiev [Kyiv]) and their pathways of housing and gated community production. We focus on politico-economic and socio-spatial relationalities in these two different context conditions and scrutinise why and how gated communities emerged as well as how supply and demand changed over time. Both cases represent rather peripheral, capitalist economies concerning their national background. However, both cases are capital cities, which absorb the majority of capital investment. The polarisation and concentration of political and economic power structures lead us to discuss different actor-constellations regarding this on-going flight to privatopia, reflecting on the role of urban planning as well as glocal housing markets. Last but not least, this paper shows that gated communities are “urban assemblages” of wider processes of peripherialisation
Contents. Beiträge zur Kultur und Geistesgeschichte Asiens|Meaning and Non-existence: Kumārila's Refutation of Dignāga's Theory of Exclusion Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens 102|
No full textPsychische Gesundheit Geflüchteter: Institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen der Versorgung in Deutschland in asylpolitischen Krisenzeiten. Weitere Online Editionen|Flucht und Asyl - internationale und österreichische Perspektiven|
No full textImperial Science, Unified Forces and Boundary-Work: Geographical and Geological Societies in Vienna (1850–1925). Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft - Band 162<br/>(Annals of the Austrian Geographical Society - Volume 162)|
No full textScientific societies are among the most influential modes of scientific organisation. Emerging as bourgeois associations, mainly in the second half of the nineteenth century, these societies saw themselves as communication platforms for scholars and practitioners from diverse educational backgrounds. The boom of scientific societies in the capital of the Habsburg Empire during a period of great economic upswing led to both disciplinary differentiation and an increase in membership. Associations such as the Imperial-Royal Geographical Society (1856), the Club of Geographers at the University of Vienna (1874) and the Geological Society (1907) brought together members from all the crownlands of the monarchy. At their height, these societies were among the leading European players in their field, holding and administering funds and running expeditions. The outbreak of World War One offered them new scope to innovate and adapt, but the political dynamics of its aftermath, together with the loss of financial reserves, the erosion of traditional research fields and the cessation of scientific exchange with non-German-speaking countries, ultimately caused their long-term decline. The crisis of bourgeois society in the 1920s was closely bound up with the crisis of the bourgeois scientific societies, which were increasingly dominated by state research institutions; subsequently, some of these societies became rallying points for political radicalism. Based on archival research and statistical analysis, this paper will examine the correlation of scientific and political processes between 1850 and 1925 and their impact on the empire’s geoscientific research landscape. Particular attention will be paid to (1) the relationship between associations, state and public in the context of imperial statehood, bourgeois self-empowerment and disciplinary transformations, and (2) the impact of regime change, territorial reconfiguration and social upheaval on the societies’ practices of knowledge production and dissemination after 1914
