Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Understanding Current Trends in Global Urbanisation - The World Settlement Footprint Suite. GI_Forum|GI_Forum 2021, Volume 1|
No full textTo improve the understanding of current trends in global urbanisation, we have launched the World Settlement Footprint (WSF) suite, a collection of novel datasets aimed at providing accurate, reliable and frequent information on the location and extent of human settlements, as well as on their morphology and built-up density. In this paper, we present three of its products (i.e., the WSF-Evolution, WSF2019 and WSF3D), which are expected to become an asset for national statistical offices, local authorities, academia, civil society, private sector, geospatial information community, as well as international organisations involved in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goal 11 of the United Nations and the New Urban Agenda
Montagne di nuvole: su un’immagine lucreziana. Wiener Studien|Wiener Studien 134 134|
No full textThis paper aims to shed new light on the important role played by vision in the Dererum natura, by examining Lucretius’ use of metaphorical references to mountains in hisexplanation of the celestial meteora in book 6. This imagery firstly occurs at 6,156–159 whereLucretius employs the metaphor montes nimborum: this first image provides a starting point forthe development of a remarkable cluster of metaphors and similes, which expands the mountainimagery and links it with other metaphorical references (wild beasts, metallurgy). Interestingly,these images seem to stem from Epicurean meteorology itself, which accorded to mountains animportant role in the formation of clouds. The close link between this complex imagery andEpicurus’ theories, thus, offers an excellent example of Lucretius’ will of overcoming hismaster’s hostility towards poetry by shaping a poem that intimately reflected the Epicureantruth
Vom Rampenlicht in die Unauffälligkeit: Etta Becker-Donner und der Widerstand am Wiener Museum für Völkerkunde. Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie|Völkerkunde zur NS-Zeit aus Wien (1938–1945) Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie Band 27/1,2,3|Band 3 Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie|
No full textGeneration of Spatial Profiles and Mapping of Volcanic Ash Distribution. GI_Forum|GI_Forum 2021, Volume 1|
No full textDefining spatial distribution of airborne volcanic ash in the neighbourhood of an erupting volcano is a synoptic scale problem, severely impacting lives and livelihoods. Robust algorithms are needed to model such complex phenomenon from sparse field data. This study investigated optimal modelling of the spatial dispersion of ash using Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK): a geostatistical, probabilistic algorithm. Both distance and ash temperature values of samples from the 2010 Icelandic eruption were spatially correlated using semivariograms to generate prediction and error surfaces. Results showed that block averages were 90% accurate as validated against NCEP NWP model data. The work supports the utility of EBK in datasets where spatial autocorrelation is not significant. Furthermore, the results could help generate risk maps to delineate safety zones for aircrafts
Register. Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse|Die mittelalterlichen Handschriften in der Bibliothek des Augustiner Chorherrenstiftes Neustift Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 364. Band|
No full textTracing the Long-Term Evolution of Land Cover in an Alpine Valley 1820–2015 in the Light of Climate, Glacier and Land Use Changes
No full textAlpine glacial environments and their fluvial systems are among those landscapes most comprehensively affected by climate change. Typically, studies on the consequences of climate change in such environments, e.g., glacier retreat, cover a maximum of 70 years, reflecting the availability of orthophotos or satellite images. This study addresses the long-term transformation processes in a glaciated catchment and highlights the role of human agency in a changing Alpine environment. In order to identify land cover changes between 1820 and 2015 in the Long-Term Ecosystem Research (LTER) site “Jamtal” (Tyrol, Austria) we apply a “regressive-iterative GIS reconstruction method” combining both historical maps and optical remote sensing data. Below 2,100 m a.s.l. the Jamtal experienced a massive 62% decline of unvegetated debris areas and bedrock outcrops (so-called “wasteland”) that was mainly transformed to grassland and sparsely wooded areas. Forests increased by an outstanding 323% and grassland was replaced by sparsely or densely wooded areas. This primarily reflects the abandonment of agricultural uses at unfavourable remote sites. In the higher (formerly) glaciated subbasin, ice-covered areas declined by 55%, which was associated with a major (82%) growth of exposed wasteland. Concurrently, Alpine grassland expanded by 196% and krumholz even by 304%. Approximately half of the new fluvial system that evolved in deglaciated areas between 1870 and 1921 still existed in 2015. Unconsolidated debris buried almost one fifth of the new channels, and almost one third was colonized by vegetation. Recent data show that the deglaciation process is much faster than the colonization process by Alpine vegetation. Accordingly, the extent of wasteland has expanded and potentially amplifies the sediment supply to the fluvial system. Alterations in high Alpine hydrological and sediment/debris regimes significantly affect human use in lower, more favourable areas of the Alpine region. The long-term investigation of the Alpine landscape reveals that the transformation processes have accelerated in recent decades
Anton Adolf Plügel: NS-Schulungsleiter und Altmexikanist. Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie|Völkerkunde zur NS-Zeit aus Wien (1938–1945) Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie Band 27/1,2,3|Band 1 Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie|
No full textImmigration and the Social Welfare State in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland: A Comparative Meta-Study
No full textThis meta-study investigates recent research on the effects of immigration on the welfarestate in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Due to the 2015 arrival of high numbers ofrefugees into Europe, the focus is on studies about asylum seekers, recognized refugeesand, more generally, on forced migrants. In total, twenty recently published studies arescrutinized in a scoping review. Thereby, fiscal and macroeconomic consequences as wellas the integration potential in the labour market are key topics. The studies included inthe current meta-analysis yield diverse results and often do not find clear positive ornegative effects, but present a variety of scenarios with differing assumptions. Ourfindings highlight several research gaps. First, existence as well as access to relevant datais scarce, especially at the individual level. Moreover, the funding situation for studies inthe field deserves closer attention. Given the timeframe, there is a paucity of longitudinaldata. Second, the majority of studies fail to clearly distinguish between different groups ofmigrants. Third, various recent studies have been commissioned by public or privatesponsors and have not undergone scientific peer review. Moreover, a lack of selfreflexivityabout possible limitations can be observed. Regarding future routes forresearch, two findings can be highlighted. First, nearly all studies stress the importance ofhuman capital as a key factor for successful labour market integration. This includeseducational levels as well as professional qualifications. The use of this human capital inthe host country’s labour market depends crucially on policy efforts. Second, results varysubstantially by nationality, legal status, gender and other characteristics of immigrants