Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Health Misperception and Healthcare Utilisation among Older Europeans
No full textHealth perception biases can have serious consequences on health. Despite their relevance, the role of such biases in determining healthcare utilisation is severely underexplored. Here we study the relationship between health misperception, doctor visits, and concomitant outof- pocket expenditures for the population 50+ in Europe. We conceptualise health misperception as arising from either overconfidence or underconfidence, where overconfidence is measured as overestimation of health and underconfidence is measured as underestimation of health. Comparing objective performance measures and their self-reported equivalents from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we find that individuals who overestimate their health visit the doctor 14% less often than individuals who correctly assess their health, which is crucial for preventive care such as screenings. Lower healthcare utilisation is accompanied by lower out-of-pocket spending (38% less). In contrast, individuals who underestimate their health visit the doctor more often (28% more) and have higher out-of-pocket spending (17% more). We project that underestimating health of the population 50+ will cost the average European country Intl 81 million by 2060. Country-specific estimates based on population and demographic projections show that countries such as Germany, Denmark and The Netherlands will experience significantly large costs of such misperception. The results are robust to several sensitivity tests and, more important, to various conceptualisations of the misperception measure
Sieber, Egydius (Ägidius, Egidius)
No full text* 28.8.1810 Oberwaltersdorf/NÖ, † 24.3.1854 Wien. Lehrer, Musiklehrer, Chorregent
Anne-Christin Lux, Das Erbe der Morloks. Untersuchungen über das Wirken einer Heilerdynastie im Nordschwarzwald (= Mainzer Beiträge zur Kulturanthropologie/Volkskunde 14, Münster–New York 2017: Waxmann), 422 S., mit zahlr. Abb., EUR 44,90. ISBN 978-3-8309-3655-8. VIRUS - Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin|VIRUS. Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin Band 19. Schwerpunkt: Objekte als Quellen der Medizingeschichte|
No full textHigh and Higher: Fertility of Black and White Women with College and Postgraduate Education in the United States
No full textA postponement of first births among college graduates, and increases in childlessness in the US are well documented, as are black-white fertility differentials. However, little is known on how first birth postponement and childlessness differ between women with college and postgraduate education. Likewise, black-white fertility differentials among women with college and post-graduate education, in particular among recent birth cohorts, have not yet been addressed in the literature. We use the CPS Fertility Supplement 1979-2012 to estimate first birth survival functions for black and white women with college and post-graduate education for birth cohorts 1931-1980. Our findings show a significant postponement of the first birth by about 2 years among women with postgraduate education compared to college graduates. Median ages at first birth plateau around age 32-33 for this group. Differentials in childlessness between college graduates and women with postgraduate education are present in the 1940s and 1950s birth cohorts, but disappear for women born after 1960. Furthermore, black highly educated women have significantly more first births early in the life course and higher rates of non-marital fertility than their white counterparts across all birth cohorts. Our findings thus suggest diverging pathways into motherhood between black and white women, even among this most highly educated segment of the population
Nentwich, Josef (Joseph)
No full text* 4.2.1851 Wien, † 4.2.1903 Wien. Landesbeamter, Komponist, Sänger
Comparing the Applicability of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 for Mapping the Evolution of Ice-marginal Lakes in Southeast Iceland. GI_Forum|GI_Forum 2021, Volume 1|
No full textMonitoring ice-marginal lakes is important for glaciological and geomorphological studies, as well as hazard and risk assessment. Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 optical data opened a new era for multi-temporal analysis and studying geomorphological changes. The purpose of this study is to compare the applicability of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for mapping the changes in ice-marginal lake areas at the southern margin of the Vatnajökull ice cap, southeast Iceland, between 2016 and 2020. We semi-automatically mapped the ice-marginal lakes with object-based image analysis (OBIA) and based on image time series using 1) the polarization products derived from Sentinel-1 data, and 2) the spectral information of Sentinel-2 data, and compared the results. Our results show that Sentinel-1 performed better regarding the detection of the number of ice-marginal lakes, whereas Sentinel-2 performed better regarding lake delineation. Moreover, we discuss the applicability of optical and SAR data for mapping and monitoring the evolution of ice-marginal lakes
The Metal Finds from Punta di Zambrone and Other Sites, and the Bronze Age Metal Supply in Southern Calabria. Orea|Punta di Zambrone I Oriental and European Archaeology Volume 17|
No full textThis is the final publication of all metal objects found during the excavations at Punta di Zambrone, supplemented by other Bronze and Iron Age metal finds from the wider region of southern Calabria. A typo-chronological discussion of all classifiable artefacts is followed by the results and discussion of archaeometric investigations. SEM-EDS analyses surprisingly revealed that one artefact consists of a material resembling copper-iron sulphide. The analytical results further revealed that the origin of the metal in the lead objects can be traced back to the Aegean, in one case specifically to Attica. An Aegean origin is also attested for a silver bracelet from the Middle Bronze Age grave of Gallo di Briatico that yielded other relevant Aegean objects. The bronzes showed a more varied picture. Some of them can clearly be assigned to Cypriot and southern Alpine copper ore deposits (Trentino region) respectively. One cannot exclude a Sardinian provenance of the copper in the case of two further Bronze Age artefacts (and one of Early Iron Age date). These analyses provide a deep insight into the metal supply networks that were in operation in Calabria, especially during the Recent Bronze Age
Auf der Frequenz der Zeit: Elektrotherapie als medizinische Selbsttechnik im 20. Jahrhundert. VIRUS - Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin|VIRUS. Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin Band 19. Schwerpunkt: Objekte als Quellen der Medizingeschichte|
No full textElectrotherapeutic devices can be found in numerous medical and technical history collectionsand are still offered almost every month by private donors. These objects, which developedinto a social fashion article in the 1920s, open the view to a specific cultural-historical context.Against the background of a “crisis in medicine”, alternative healing methods and technologiesof self-treatment had experienced an increasing demand during the Weimar Republic. Thesemedical machines can be described as profoundly ambivalent objects: promising self-empowermenton the one hand, incorporating the actually criticised “mechanization of medical treatment”on the other hand. Being symbols of the electrified urban society, the devices also becamelifestyle accessories of a bourgeois entertainment culture. This article is devoted to the contradictoryrole of electrical healing devices as part of a specific material culture and particularlydeals with different practices of appropriation