Austrian Academy of Sciences
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An Explosion of Polychromy: Establishing Localised Ceramic Identities at the Dawn of the Mycenaean Era. Veröffentlichung der Mykenischen Kommission|(Social) Place and Space in Early Mycenaean Greece Mykenische Studien 35|
No full textNear or at the end of the MH era, a wave of polychromy swept over the ceramic repertoires of the centraland southern Greek mainland. Beginning at the start of the period we term LH I (c. 1675–1600 BC) or just beforeand persisting for some four to five generations thereafter down to some point within the LH IIA phase (c. 1600–1550/1525 BC), this predilection for bichrome and trichrome approaches to the decoration of tablewares was a featureof several different regions within the first half of the Prepalatial Mycenaean era. What inspired this sudden popularisationof the use of multiple colours for ceramic ornamentation? As striking as its relatively sudden emergence is theseeming contemporaneity of its disappearance from the various regional styles within which it had flourished. Was thevirtual extinction of polychromy around the middle of the 16th century somehow related to the circumstances of itsrapid adoption a century of more earlier? How this decorative fashion was exploited by its numerous producers mayprovide some answers to the questions surrounding the peculiar history of this characteristically early Mycenaean modeof pottery décor
RAISE – Research on Alpine sediment processes, morphodynamics and ecosystem behaviour considering extreme events - Final Project Report
No full textExtreme floods in Austria of the years 2002, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2013 and 2018 demonstrate the vulnerability of mankind against such events. River geometry responds to heavy flooding with massive morphological rearrangements. Houses and infrastructure in the affected areas are thus at risk. Therefore, an improved understanding of sediment transport processes is crucial for the analysis of morphodynamics and thus for flood risk management. Also the success of river restoration projects depends on sediment transport and morphodynamics as boundary conditions, but there is a significant lack of knowledge regarding these processes and the connected ecosystem. Sediment monitoring is intended to close these knowledge gaps, but their analysis has so far focused primarily on the sections of the river where the respective data were collected. The RAISE project now aimed to combine long-term and short-term sediment research (such as extreme flood events) in order to relate and integrate this data for the first time. An important step could be taken by the integrative consideration of the sediment monitoring stations in Austria. The understanding of sediment transport processes could be increased and occurring phenomena could be explained. The term sediment forensics was introduced and describes well the level of detail that is sometimes necessary to get more clarity about the transport processes in a catchment area. Sediment intrusion or higher availability was identified as a source of increased bed load and the importance of the catchment area and anthropogenic influence was determined. However, it could also be shown how important a functioning sediment management is and that such a management is often lacking on Austrian rivers. It is often necessary to react after damage instead of acting before it occurs. It could be shown that only by an extreme event, on a river that basically suffers from a sediment deficit, a sediment surplus suddenly leads to problems. An integrative sediment management should therefore promote a certain sediment resilience of the river so that extreme events can take place without the recent very high damages. The analyses of the various catchment areas have shown how different the problems and approaches to solving them are in the individual rivers. With the developed questionnaire, an instrument was created that enables the transdisciplinary identification of problems and weaknesses of sediment management in a river. Now it is a task for the upcoming years to establish concepts for sediment management on Austrian rivers, which are supported by measurement data
Table of Contents. Medieval Worlds|Urban Agencies: Reframing Anatolian and Caucasian Cities (13th-14th Centuries) & Movement and Mobility in the Medieval Mediterranean: Changing Perspectives from Late Antiquity to the Long-Twelfth Century, II - Volume 14. 2021 medieval worlds Volume 14. 2021|
No full textINHALTSVERZEICHNIS. Mitteilungen zur Christlichen Archäologie|Mitteilungen zur Christlichen Archäologie 27 27|
No full textFamily Policies in the Context of Low Fertility and Social Structure
No full textThe aim of this paper is to analyse the effectivity of family policies in the context of different assumptions regarding the social structure of a society. We use an agent based simulation model to analyse the impact of family policies on individual fertility decisions and on cohort fertility, intended fertility, and the fertility gap on the aggregate level. The crucial features of our simulation model are the agents' heterogeneity with respect to age, income, parity, and intended fertility, the social network and social influence. Our results indicate that both fixed and income dependent child supports have a positive and significant impact on fertility. However, several network and social influence parameters have the ability not only to influence fertility itself but also the effectivity of family policies. Therefore, policymakers aiming to transfer a certain policy mix that has proved successful from one country to another one ignoring differences in the social structure may fail. Family policies can only be successful if they explicitly take into account the characteristics of the society they are assigned for
Towards an Absolute Chronology at the Beginning of the Late Bronze Age in Slovenia. New Radiocarbon Dates from Ljubljana. Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 105/2021 Band 105/2021|
No full textThe cemetery at Ljubljana – Dvorišče SAZU is of fundamental importance for the research into the Late Bronze Age in the territory of the southeastern Alps and beyond. The recently conducted revision of the entire cemetery revealed that the oldest cremations should be placed already at the very beginning of the Late Bronze Age period. Such observations have, furthermore, been confirmed by the new AMS dating results. The analysis of ceramic finds from Ljubljana cemetery showed that the best analogies for them can be found in the territory of the northern Carpathian Basin. Due to analogies in ceramic finds, cremated bones from cemeteries of the so-called Piliny Culture in Slovakia (Radzovce, Šafárikovo) were also sent for AMS analysis. Further typo-chronological analysis of the bronze grave goods revealed that connections with communities from the northern Carpathian Basin were decisive not only for the formative phase of the cemetery in Ljubljana at the very beginning of the Late Bronze Age but also later on during the Early Urnfield period. In conclusion, all cremation graves in Slovenia from the Initial and Early Urnfield period are considered. Although their number is exceptionally small, it seems possible to distinguish two separate phases. The oldest phase can be correlated with the Br D/Ha A1 period (Ljubljana Ia 1 phase) and is dated from the 13th century to the first half of the 12th century BC. The second phase, covering the major part of the Ha A period (Ljubljana Ia 2 phase), ends around the middle of the 11th century BC
A Man and the Biosphere Reserve as a natural and socio-economic laboratory for the sustainable future of small rural communities. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021|
No full textThe UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve Collemeluccio-Montedimezzo-Alto Molise was established in 1977 in Molise Region (Central Italy) to safeguard local natural and managed ecosystems in two separate areas administered by two different municipalities. An association of seven small municipalities with various local bodies, the ASSOMAB Alto Molise Consortium, was established in 2006 to expand and zone the Reserve in order to promote innovative and environmentally sustainable approaches to economic and social development, by setting in place a new model of sustainable and integrated management in the area. In the renewal step of 2014, UNESCO agreed the expansion of the old protected areas into a single, larger reserve, to be managed by the Consortium. Today it covers nine Natura 2000 sites, seven of which are included in the European Habitats Directive, and two in the Birds Directive. Local administrators and stakeholders see the Reserve as an opportunity to develop sustainable actions while protecting and enhancing the extraordinary environmental richness, including the remarkable biodiversity. In this paper, the authors discuss the current situation and the socio-economic opportunities in this rural landscape, which is affected by population ageing, outmigration and a diminishing economy, all of which are significant drivers of land-use changes, particularly land abandonment and forest expansion
Extension of Fisher's Classical Result on Exponential Dynamics of the Reproductive Value to a Wide Class of Populations
No full textThe classical result by R.A. Fisher concerning reproductive value dynamics is expanded tothe case of varying vital rates with a constant cohort Lotka’s r. Based on the demographicpotential approach, generalization of the concept of reproductive value is introduced,which exhibits exponential dynamics both in the classical case of constant vital rates and ina wider class of populations. The generalized reproductive value introduced in the paperfits the classical interpretation by R.A. Fisher as a discounted sum of future births in thegeneral class of models addressed in the paper. Results could be of importance forestimating the fitness of biological populations, aggregate population modeling, andstudying the long-term consequences of varying vital rates
On the Age Dynamics of Learned Societies: Taking the Example of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
No full textIn a hierarchical organisation of stable size the annual intake is strictly determined by thenumber of deaths and a statutory retirement age (if there is one). In this paper wereconstruct the population of the Austrian Academy of Sciences from 1847 to 2005. Forthe Austrian Academy of Sciences we observe a shift of its age distribution towards olderages, which is due to rising life expectancy, i.e. a rising age at death, on the one hand aswell as an increased age at entry on the other hand. Therefore the number of new entrantshas been fluctuating considerably—especially reflecting some statutory changes—and thelength of tenure before reaching the statutory retirement age has declined during thesecond half of the last century. Based on alternative scenarios of the age distribution ofincoming members—including a young, an old, the ‘current’ and a mixed-age model—wethen project the population of the Austrian Academy and its ageing forward in time. Ourresults indicate that the ‘optimum policy’ would be to elect either young or old aged newmembers