Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Arbeitsmarkt und Demographie
No full textIm vorliegenden Beitrag werden die wechselseitigen Beziehungen von demographischenVeränderungen und Arbeitsmarktentwicklungen anhand eines Literaturüberblicks diskutiert.Insbesondere werden die Effekte von demographischen Strukturen und Prozessen aufdie Lohnstruktur und auf die Arbeitslosigkeit präsentiert, wobei sowohl Mikro- als auchMakroansätze diskutiert und die Implikationen der Bevölkerungsalterung für den Arbeitsmarktbesprochen werden. In Mikroansätzen werden z.B. altersspezifische Profile der Humankapitalbildungals optimale Lösung eines individuellen Entscheidungsproblems modelliert.Im Gegensatz dazu werden in Makroansätzen die Beziehung von Makrovariablen,z.B. Jugendarbeitslosigkeit und Besetzungsstärke der eigenen Kohorte, modelliert. Schließlichstellen wir verschiedene theoretische Perspektiven vor, welche Effekte arbeitsmarktrelevanterFaktoren auf die Fertilität untersuchen
Contents. Orea|The Early Iron Age at Tell Abu al-Kharaz, Jordan Valley Oriental and European Archaeology Volume 20|
No full textExperimental, Acquisitional and Corpus linguistic Approaches to the Study of Morphonotactics
No full textChildlessness Trends in Twentieth-Century Europe: Limited Link to Growing Educational Attainment
No full textChildlessness, a driving force of fertility, has undergone strong variations in 20th-centuryEurope, and educational attainment has been rising continuously. We analyse how thesetwo factors were related to each other over time. Our study is based on census and largescalesurvey data from 13 European countries, collected in the Cohort Fertility andEducation database. We compare the trends in the share of women childless at age 40+ inthe 1916–1965 birth cohorts, by level of education. The results suggest that the changes inthe educational composition of the population were only marginally related to the overallvariation in childlessness rates. With time, the positive educational gradient inchildlessness usually decreased: the differences between women of medium/high educationand low educated women diminished. However, the childlessness ratio between highly andmedium educated women remained stable in Western and Southern Europe and evenslightly increased in the East
Co-creation: a challenging process (ITA Dossier No.56en, Dec 2021)
No full text-> Co-creation allows for proactive and creative inclusion of different perspectives by different stakeholders. They bring together different knowledge to promote commitment and a sense of responsibility. -> Competing target options are often diverse or contradicting (e.g. democratisation or concrete product development). This requires prioritisation and precise positioning of the respective co-creation process. -> Participation of citizens, consumers, and experts increases the effectiveness of the process; however, additional resources are needed to help facilitate this challenging process
Austrian UNESCO Biosphere Reserves as model regions for regional culinary enjoyment. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021|
No full textIn many UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs), the production and marketing of regional farm produce are an essential, if not the most important, contribution to regional development. Using the example of the Austrian BRs, this article reviews the possibilities and framework conditions for the production and marketing of farm produce, and discusses culinary potential as an important component of the sustainable development of the region in national and international contexts
Rezension - Lorenzo Zamboni, Manuel Fernández-Götz, Carola Metzner-Nebelsick (Hrsg.), Crossing the Alps: Early Urbanism between Northern Italy and Central Europe (900–400 BC). Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 105/2021 Band 105/2021|
No full textLegal Context of Paramonê Provisions: Response to Lene Rubinstein. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte|(28) Symposion 2019 Akten der Gesellschaft für griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte Band 28|
No full textNow or Later? Fertility Intentions in Bulgaria and Hungary and the Impact of Anomie and Social Capital
No full textThis paper discusses the construction of fertility intentions in contemporary Bulgaria andHungary. It presents empirical analyses of four types of fertility intentions: whether to have ornot to have a first or a second child and if yes, whether to have this child within the next twoyears or later. Both countries have recently experienced drastic societal transformations. Basedon comparative survey data for women we find that that explanatory factors of fertilityintentions differ significantly by order of an intended birth and its timing. We attributeparticular emphasis to social anomie and social capital as important factors in shaping fertilityintentions and in timing a desired birth. Moreover, economic factors are importantdeterminants in Bulgaria, while ideational and demographic factors are significant in bothcountries. The findings suggest the necessity of explicitly taking into account birth order andthe timing of a desired birth in large-scale demographic surveys and the importance of anomieand social capital in recent fertility choices in Central and Eastern Europe
A Fixed- Effects Study of Twenty Norwegian First-Marriage Cohorts
No full textDecisions to divorce could be affected by a number of characteristics of the local community.Community characteristics may be barriers to divorce (e.g. strong social control) or increasethe attractiveness of divorcing (e.g. through access to a good remarriage market), but ourknowledge of such influences is sparse. This study examines the impact of severalcommunity-level factors that may influence a couple’s risk of divorce: Socioeconomicconditions, the local marriage market, and the normative climate. Discrete-time hazardmodels with community-level fixed effects are estimated using a register-based data set of allNorwegian first marriages contracted 1980-2000 that includes longitudinal information onboth the community and the couple level. Results show that higher average education, anunbalanced marriage market, and population density drive divorce rates down but thateconomic conditions do not matter for divorce risk. Estimates obtained from regular modelsare markedly different than those obtained with the fixed-effects approach