Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Late Hallstatt Female Head/Hair Decoration in the Southern Carpathian Basin. Temple Rings of the Ciumbrud and Donja Dolina Types. Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 105/2021 Band 105/2021|
No full textThe Late Hallstatt period in the southern Carpathian Basin is marked by complex cultural relations for which the current knowledge is mostly based on the analyses of cemeteries. One of the most prolific forms of female jewellery in graves is bronze and silver temple rings that were used to decorate the head or hair. This is testified to by finds from the inhumation graves in Donja Dolina, where several pairs of temple rings, often of different forms, were located on both sides of the women’s heads. Four basic types have been distinguished according to differences in the design of the terminals, and there are different variants according to the method of shaping the body. The oldest burial phases in Donja Dolina are characterized by smooth temple rings with a conical thickening at the terminals (Ciumbrud type), which have been found in the highest numbers in the inhumation graves in Transylvania. Temple rings of the Ciumbrud type from Donja Dolina should probably be seen as a reflection of established contacts and cultural transfer, but we should not completely rule out the possibility of the individual mobility of women. The reconstruction of how they were worn makes it possible to analyse the female bodily ornamentation, indicating that these are gender-specific items, which became an important part of the visual identity of women
Ressourcen der Neandertaler im Burgenland (Österreich). Die Csaterberge bei Kohfidisch als Limnosilizit-Rohmaterialquelle vom Mittelpaläolithikum bis in die Kupferzeit. Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 105/2021 Band 105/2021|
No full textIn diesem Artikel werden Belege für eine Nutzung der lithischen Ressourcen (Opalit/Limnosilizit) der Csaterberge vom Mittelpaläolithikum über das Jungpaläolithikum und das Neolithikum bis in die Kupferzeit angeführt. Bisher ist eine Verbreitung dieses Rohmaterials in einem Umkreis von etwa 100 km nachgewiesen. Die Csaterberge sind somit (gemeinsam mit dem Becken von Rein in der Steiermark) zu den beiden wichtigsten prähistorisch genutzten Silizit-Rohmaterialressourcen Südostösterreichs zu zählen. Zugleich liegt damit der erste Nachweis für das Mittelpaläolithikum im Bundesland Burgenland bzw. überhaupt der erste gesicherte Beleg für ein dortiges Paläolithikum vor
She Wants, He Wants: Couple’s Childbearing Desires in Austria
No full textThis paper analyses couples’ childbearing desires by using data from the Austrian Generationand Gender Survey (GGS) conducted in 2008. Couple disagreement is examined, first,independently of whether only she or he wants a child, second, by looking at the predictors ofhis and her dissent separately. Special emphasis is given to the role of the intra-householdbargaining power of each member of the couple. Results show that disagreement is most likelyfor all unmarried couples that do not have any common child and if the male partner isunemployed. Moreover, conflict increases in all partnerships with at least one common child ifthe female partner has brought biological children from a previous relationship into the currentunion. Generally speaking, women attribute more importance to their own desires than to theirpartner’s ones, while men give as much emphasis to their partner’s fertility desires as to theirown ones when they report their personal child-timing intentions. Couple disagreement is oneof the most relevant predictors of subsequent fertility behaviour
Have Lifetime Fertility Intentions Declined During the “Great Recession”?
No full textUsing several rounds of the Eurobarometer [EB] survey, we examine the relationshipbetween lifetime fertility intentions and the “Great Recession” in Europe. We suppose thatthe increase in unemployment rates observed between 2006 and 2011, the years in whichthe two EB surveys were conducted, are key driving forces behind the decline of fertilityintentions observed in some EU countries, like Greece, over the 5-year period. Ourfindings reveal that the increasing uncertainty attached to the reported fertility intentionssubstantially contributes to the declining pattern observed over the five years and thatpeople who negatively assess the country economic situation are more likely to plansmaller family sizes than those who have a more optimistic view of the country past shorttermeconomic trend. Eventually, the aggregate negative changes occurred in fertilityintentions between 2006 and 2011 are positively correlated with the increase of youthunemployment rates. We might expect a similar declining trend in lifetime fertilityintentions also in other countries – such as Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal – in the yearsto come if the economic crisis starts to be perceived as heavily as in Greece in suchcountries
Golija-Studenica Biosphere Reserve (Serbia) as a Driver of Change. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021|
No full textIn the 50 years since the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) was launched, 727 sites in 131 countries have gained the status of biosphere reserve (BR). Golija-Studenica BR belongs to the group of BRs that have been active for the past 20 years. This BR is one of the most prominent protected areas and the first of its kind in Serbia. A balance between biodiversity conservation, as the primary goal of protection, and the promotion of sustainable profitable activities involving diverse actors has yet to be achieved. This research aims to provide a contextual understanding of changes in Golija-Studenica BR and draw lessons for future BR development. It relies on the experiential and practical knowledge of diverse stakeholders, including management bodies, the NGO sector and the local population itself. The methodology is based on a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. Research results show that the BR model is a subtle, time-reliant driver of change, with some unintentional side-effects. It brings about changes in how protected areas are managed, affects the economic behaviour of the local population, raises awareness about environmental issues, and has an impact on demographic trends and social change
Urban Agency and the City Notables of Medieval Anatolia. Medieval Worlds|Urban Agencies: Reframing Anatolian and Caucasian Cities (13th-14th Centuries) & Movement and Mobility in the Medieval Mediterranean: Changing Perspectives from Late Antiquity to the Long-Twelfth Century, II - Volume 14. 2021 medieval worlds Volume 14. 2021|
No full textScholarship on the city in the Islamic world has generally played down the autonomy and collective agency of cities. This article explores the case of Anatolia, usually neglected in discussions of Islamic urbanism, focusing on the Seljuq period of the 13th century. While much scholarship on Anatolia acknowledges the role of futuwwa (trade-based confraternities somewhat analogous to guilds), I argue the independence of these organisations has been overestimated, for many were closely linked to sultanic power. The paper suggests that in fact power was negotiated between rulers and urban notables (a‘yān), who had considerable autonomy and who brokered binding contracts (sawgandnāmas) with sultans that expressed their rights and obligations. A‘yān played a crucial role in decisions such as the surrender of their cities to conquerors and in negotiating terms, a role for which analogies can be identified elsewhere in the Middle East. Finally, the article makes some preliminary suggestions as to the identities of these a‘yān
SUBJECT INDEX. Veröffentlichungen zur Linguistik und Kommunikationsforschung|Experimental, Acquisitional and Corpus linguistic Approaches to the Study of Morphonotactics Veröffentlichungen zur Linguistik und Kommunikationsforschung Band 33|
No full textMountain research in UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme: the first five decades. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021|
No full textWithin UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, MAB Project 6 (MAB-6), entitled Impact of human activities on mountain and tundra ecosystems, was initiated in 1971. This paper begins with a history of the activities and key outcomes of MAB-6, which largely comprised national activities within a global framework. From the 1990s, a number of collaborative international projects took place, relating particularly to global change and sacred mountains. The paper ends with brief conclusions
Miteinander Wissen schaffen. Partizipative Aktionsforschung als geographische Bildungspraxis zwischen Gesellschaft, Schule und Hochschule. GW-Unterricht|GW-Unterricht 164|
No full textIm Unterschied zu angelsächsischen und lateinamerikanischen Debatten findet die partizipative Aktionsforschung (PAF) in der Humangeographie im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher nur wenig Beachtung. Dabei adressiert PAF mehrere Kernanliegen transformativer Lern- und Forschungskontexte und verspricht daher, wertvolle Impulse in diesen Bereichen zu setzen. Im Beitrag werden diese Potenziale ausgelotet und PAF als kritisch-pädagogischer Denkrahmen für die geographische Bildungspraxis entfaltet. Das Vorgehen mündet in die Formulierung eines partizipativen Photovoice-Projekts zur Erforschung urbaner (Nicht-)Nachhaltigkeit mit Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Schule