Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Estimates of Global Bilateral Migration Flows by Gender Between 1960 and 2010
No full textMeasures of international migration flows are often limited in both availability andcomparability. This paper aims to address these issues at a global level using anindirect method to estimate country to country migration flows from more readilyavailable bilateral stock data. Estimates are obtained over five and ten-year periodsbetween 1960 and 2010 by gender, providing a comprehensive picture of past migrationpatterns. The estimated total amount of global international migrant flows is shownto generally increase over the 50 year time frame. The intensity of migration flowsover five and ten-year periods fluctuate at around 0.6 and 1.25 percent of the globalpopulation respectively, with a noticeable spike during the 1990-95 period. Genderimbalances in the estimated flows between selected regions were found to exist, suchas recent movements into oil rich Gulf States from South Asia. The sensitivity offlow estimates to alternative input stock and demographic data as well as changes inpolitical geography are explored
Magistrates’ Accountability and Epigraphic Documents: the Case of Accounts and Inventories. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte|(28) Symposion 2019 Akten der Gesellschaft für griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte Band 28|
No full textMagistrates’ euthynai were one of the legal procedures in the Greek citydesigned to ensure political stability by enforcing accountability and the rule of law.This paper focuses on a problematic class of inscriptions, namely accounts andinventories, which were clearly produced in connection with the end-of-yearaccounts, and looks into their potential in providing information for the mechanismsof euthynai
Preliminaries. Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Klasse|Cultural Politics, Transfer, and Propaganda. Mediated Narratives and Images in Austrian-American Relations Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 916. Band|
No full textRezension - Gábor V. Szabó, Bronze Age Treasures in Hungary: The Quest for Buried Weapons, Tools and Jewellery. Hereditas Archaeologica Hungariae 3 (Archeolingua, Budapest 2019). Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 105/2021 Band 105/2021|
No full textGender Roles and Smoking Behaviour
No full textThe gender gap in smoking prevalence is closing in several developed countries due todecreasing smoking rates among men and increasing among women. Previous studiespresent a variety of hypotheses with the central argument that the process of genderequality is related to the declining trend regarding sex differences in smoking. We supposethat changes in traditional gender roles have influenced the smoking behaviour among bothmen and women. Our study focuses on the stereotypical masculine behaviour patternwhich is assumed to be a smoking determinant and is increasingly adopted by femalesnow. We applied a triangulation (combination) of qualitative and quantitative methods.The results indicate a connection between gender roles and health behaviour, especiallysmoking behaviour. The knowledge and experience of physicians reveal that although theattribute ‘masculinity’ is related to a higher risk of smoking it is increasingly adopted bywomen. The dynamic is further influenced by factors like age, social norms, workforceparticipation as well as mediaand leads to a change of perceived gender roles in society.This fact can partly explain the increasing amount of smoking women. From amethodological point of view the current study is an example for a successful triangulationof quantitative and qualitative methods. Precisely because both methods have differentangles-the qualitative one focusing on the knowledge and experiences of physicians andthe quantitative one on individual behaviour style-the results complement each other andyield a comprehensive picture
Women's Education in the Fertility Transition: The Reversal of the Relationship Between Women's Education and Birth Spacing in Indonesia
No full textIt is generally thought that both the demand for children and the cost of fertilitycontrol are major forces in fertility decline. Most researchers find that family planningprograms in developing countries, which lower the cost of fertility control, play a smallrole in the fertility transition relative to other economic factors that affect the demandfor children. This paper examines one aspect of fertility, namely the second birthinterval in Indonesia over the period 1970 to 1993. It is observed that higher femaleeducation is associated with a shorter birth interval among earlier cohorts, but witha longer birth interval among later cohorts. The finding is that changes in the effectof education on birth hazard over time are primarily driven by changes in the costof fertility control rather than through changes in the demand for children. Hence,family planning programs can have a big impact on fertility in a relatively low-educatedpopulation. In addition, in the context of contraceptive technology, the result canbe interpreted as evidence for the hypothesis that education enhances the ability todecipher new information
Urban Agencies: Reframing Anatolian and Caucasian Cities (13th-14th Centuries) & Movement and Mobility in the Medieval Mediterranean: Changing Perspectives from Late Antiquity to the Long-Twelfth Century, II - Volume 14. 2021 (complete volume). Medieval Worlds|Urban Agencies: Reframing Anatolian and Caucasian Cities (13th-14th Centuries) & Movement and Mobility in the Medieval Mediterranean: Changing Perspectives from Late Antiquity to the Long-Twelfth Century, II - Volume 14. 2021 medieval worlds Volume 14. 2021|
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