Austrian Academy of Sciences
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"Menschen und Städte ändern sich. Nur die Ostsee bleibt ...". Zelenogradsk (Cranz) und Svetlogorsk (Rauschen) - ostpreußische Seebäder und sowjetische Kurorte. VIRUS - Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin|VIRUS. Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin Band 12. Schwerpunkt: Bäder und Kuren|
No full textKinder zwischen Psychiatrie und Fürsorgeerziehung. Das Beispiel der Innsbrucker Kinderbeobachtungsstation 1954 bis 1987. Schwerpunkt: Medikalisierte Kindheiten. Die neue Sorge um das Kind vom ausgehenden 19. bis ins späte 20. Jahrhundert
No full textThis contribution deals with a special form of childhood medicalization: the pathologisation of abnormal behaviour of children in Austria after 1945. Presenting the case of the Innsbruck Child Observation Ward, founded in 1954, it shows how the Austrian therapeutic pedagogy landscape developed and for which functions the centres of child observation served: as locations between psychiatric care, curative pedagogy, medical care and examination, observation, treatment and assessment of children and teenagers who were considered difficult and abnormal. Biographical notes on the leading figure of the Innsbruck system, neurologist and pedagogic therapist Maria Nowak-Vogl, illustrate the deep entanglements with the regional institutions for child and youth welfare. The second part focuses on the dimension and effect of the Innsbruck Child Observation Ward’s activities. This section concentrates on placement numbers and ages, length of stay and origin, accommodation arrangements of the children before their placement in the Child Observation Ward as well as the measures recommended by Nowak-Vogl. The fourth section deals with the experience of 19 contemporary witnesses. As independent sources of knowledge, their memories provide insights into the Child Observation Ward’s system as well as the actions of the professional actors. The primary source basis comprises samples from more than 3,500 medical records, institutional documents and interviews with affected persons
Unsere Stadt erstickt in Abgasen? Ein Praxisbeispiel zur Implementierung der Bildung für Nachhaltige Entwicklung im digitalen GW-Unterricht. GW-Unterricht|GW-Unterricht 158|
No full textDie Proteste der Fridays for Future Bewegung bilden die Motivation für die hier präsentierte Unterrichtssequenz. Im Zuge der Bildung für Nachhaltige Entwicklung werden Ursachen und Folgen der Luftverschmutzung im Lebensraum Stadt recherchiert und reflektiert. Die Basiskonzepte des GW-Unterrichts und geomediale Plattformen wie Google My Maps und Gapminder bilden die Basis für eine kritisch-partizipatorische Auseinandersetzung mit der Luftverschmutzungsthematik und zeigen den Lernenden Möglichkeiten auf, ihre Visionen für ein nachhaltigeres Stadtleben zu visualisieren und auf kommunalpolitischer Ebene zu kommunizieren
Eine typische österreichische Ärztebiographie? Annotationen zu Medizinalrat Dozent Dr. Edwin Albrich. VIRUS - Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin|VIRUS. Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin Band 10|
No full textThis essay investigates the political biography of one of the leading Austrian post Warinternists. Edwin Albrich was an internationally acknowledged sanatorium doctorwhose patients originated from many countries and from all classes, kings as well asfarmers and workers. It is argued that it was the academic and professional medicaltraining he received under Nazi rule that made his postwar professional careerpossible. To prolong his career in the Second Austrian Republic Albrich had to pass afew obstacles. He did this with the support of the new democrat establishment ofwhich he became am member in due course
Why do people leave marked trails? Implications for managing outdoor recreationists. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 12 No. 2 12 2|
No full textOutdoor winter sports activities are growing in popularity, causing conflicts with sensitive wildlife species. Many studies have shown negative effects of recreational activities on wildlife, with off-trail activities considered to be more detrimental compared to activities performed on marked trails. Small hand-held global positioning devices are readily available, facilitating navigation off marked trails. For adequate visitor management, it is essential to know the motives of visitors to nature areas. The motives of recreationists to leave marked trails are, however, rarely known. Using questionnaires, we studied why people leave trails and analysed the predictors according to the Fietkau-Kessel grid model of environmental behaviour. The main motives for leaving a marked trail were more fun compared to staying on marked trails, previous experience of guided tours which left marked trails, and the signs being unclear. High-quality recreation infrastructure significantly reduces the chances of leaving marked trails, and a person with a positive attitude towards wildlife conservation is more likely to stay on the trails. We recommend visitor-steering management that combines attractive recreation infrastructure and clear signposts with methods influencing people’s attitudes towards nature conservation and education to foster on-trail activities
Putting Age in Its Place. Representations of Institutional Eldercare in Contemporary North American Film and Fiction. Schwerpunkt: Orte des Alters und der Pflege – Hospitäler, Heime und Krankenhäuser
No full textDieser Aufsatz widmet sich einem derzeit im angloamerikanischen und kanadischen Raum immer populärer werdenden Genre, dem Pflegeheimroman („care home novel“), und beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Rolle die fiktionale Repräsentation von Orten des Alterns und der Pflege für ein sozial und kulturell konstruiertes Altersbild spielen kann. Nach einer überblicksartigen Darstellung der verschiedenen Sub-Genres und ihrer Beispiele wird darauf eingegangen, wie das Heim als Ort des Alterns in solchen Romanen dargestellt wird, wer darin Sichtbarkeit erlangt und wer unsichtbar bleibt. Da Pflege immer auch räumlich determiniert ist, erlaubt eine Analyse der Darstellungsweise des Heimes Aussagen darüber, wie im Pflegeheimroman Fragen der menschlichen Existenz verhandelt werden
Herz 2007. Inhalt, Form und Perspektiven eines kulturwissenschaftlichen Studienprojekts. VIRUS - Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin|VIRUS. Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin Band 07|
No full textDie Entfesselung der Alten. Bettgitter in den Sicherheitsdispositiven der Pflege. Schwerpunkt: Orte des Alters und der Pflege – Hospitäler, Heime und Krankenhäuser
No full textThe use of bedrails in hospitals and nursing homes has been a subject of controversy fordecades. However, analysis of the literature about bedrails reveals that the issue of use and misuse of mechanical restraints via bedrails is very complex and cannot be explained by individual factors. It involves several actors in addition to patients: nurses, hospital administration, relatives, doctors, insurance companies, manufacturers, lawyers, and so on. After years of criticism and many injured patients, bedrails are still in common use in hospitals and nursing homes. Consequently, I argue that bedrails are more than just poorly designed, mundaneobjects; they are integral components of the “apparatus of security” (Foucault): Besides preventing people from falling out of bed – which they may or may not do – they secure specific circulations, such as movements of people and things, in hospital and nursing home settings
„Alternative und komplementäre Heilmethoden in der Neuzeit“ Eine kritische Annäherung an die Jahrestagung 2013 „Geschichte(n) von Gesundheit und Krankheit“ des Vereins für Sozialgeschichte der Medizin. Schwerpunkt: Alternative und komplementäre Heilmethoden in der Neuzeit Konzepte sexueller Gesundheit vom Mittelalter bis zum 21. Jahrhundert
No full textThis paper discusses the 2013 annual conference of the Austrian Society for the Social History of Medicine, choosing two different angles of approach. On the one hand the article gives a brief overview of the individual talks held at the conference dealing with alternative and complementary medicine from the early modern period to the present. On the other hand it tries to identify common motives and recurring concepts in the conference talks and papers published in this volume. Examples reach from magico-religious phenomena, natural medicine and the strong life reform movement of the fin de siècle to various agents of alternative medicine such as proponents of Cartesianism, Homeopathy or lay-healers. Similarities could be found in the evolution of alternative medical approaches, the recollection of antique dietetics, observed in many cases as well as the intriguing self-concept of many healers
Krankenpflege als soziale Praxis in den Hospitälern der Barmherzigen Brüder in Österreich im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert. Eine Übersicht auf Grundlage insbesondere des „Manuale oder Hand-Büchlein Religions B. Joannis Dei“ von 1681 sowie der Wiener und Grazer Hospitalinventare. Schwerpunkt: Orte des Alters und der Pflege – Hospitäler, Heime und Krankenhäuser
No full textThis article deals with nursing within the Austrian hospitals of the Order of St. John of God during the 17th and 18th centuries. As far as possible, it casts light on the actual nursing practices, primarily displaying and analysing contemporary internal nursing guidelines and sources like inventories, pictures and administrative patients’ records. Thus, the paper attempts to “reconstruct” at least the expected and/or typical shape of some fundamental aspects of nursing care based on such indirect hints, being well aware, however, that this can only serve as a modest substitute for an – impossible − actual observation. Furthermore, scrutinizing guidelines, administrative records and similar material can easily lead to misinterpretations regarding the relation of norms and actual behavior; therefore, we must also bear in mind that variations and deviations are probably under-represented within such sources. This considered, some elementary insights drawn from the mentioned sources, are: The early modern hospitals of the “Barmherzige Brüder” – which already served as medical hospitals for acute diseases – disposed of remarkably well-equipped pharmacies and a well-educated staff. The brethren themselves conducted most of the nursing duties. A “Manuale” for their use from 1681 elaborately describes aims, but also problems in nurse-patient communication, moreover the necessary observation of vital functions in very “weak” patients, and several aspects of hygiene of the body, the beds, the laundry and the wards, as well as the nutrition of the patients – who were i. e. supposed to drink either boiled water or wine according to the individual diet prescribed by the physician and had two main meals a day, breakfast and dinner. The handling of the excretions was a matter discussed in less detail, but it was not avoided in total. Clothing is mentioned primarily with respect to the change of wear that was scheduled to take place during admission and regarding the correct storage of the ‘secular’ costumes until discharge. Rest and sleep was a matter of interest, too. The brethren were obviously well aware of the potentially conflicting target of securing the prior on the one hand, and effective nursing care, particularly in urgent cases, on the other. Moreover, the themes of movement and occupation possibilities for the patients are displayed. The aspect of sexuality is dealt with in the “Manuale” primarily with reference to specific demands of the staff’s clerical celibacy, only casually referring to the sick themselves. ‘Security’ is only marginally dealt with by the nursing guidelines, but, apart from hygienic prescriptions, does not play a prominent role. Yet, by other sources it becomes sufficiently clear, that there were specific security measures for distinct categories of patients, such as “mad” patients regarded dangerous for themselves or others. On the contrary, the “Manuale” pays ample attention towards the spiritual offers to and demands of the patients, which were closely linked to the strict daily routine of the brethren, largely filled by manifold and extent religious rituals