Austrian Academy of Sciences
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The Impact of Policies Influencing the Demography of Age-structured Populations: Lessons from Academies of Sciences
No full textIn this paper, we discuss the role of a diverse set of policies aimed at regulating the numberand age structure of elections on the size and age structure of five European Academies ofSciences, namely the Austrian, Berlin-Brandenburg, Russian and Norwegian academies andthe Royal Society. We show the recent pace of ageing and the degree of variation in policiesacross them and discuss the implications of different policies across these academies,regulating the number of elections and influencing their age structure. We illustrate thepotential effect of different election regimes (fixed vs. linked) and age structures of election(younger vs. older) by contrasting the steady-state and transient dynamics of differentprojections of Full Members in each academy into 2070 and measuring the size and agecompositionaleffect of changing a given policy relative to a status quo policy scenario. Ourfindings suggest that academies with linked intake (i.e., where the size of the academy belowa certain age is fixed and the number of elections is set to the number of members becomingthat age) may be a more efficient approach to curb growth without suffering any ageing tradeoffsrelative to the faster growth of academies electing a fixed number of members per year.We further note that academies need to take into consideration their current age structurebefore enacting this type of intake regime as the potential of (negative) momentum could besizable
Decreasing Fertility, Economic Growth and the Intergenerational Wage Gap
No full textPersistent low fertility rates lead to lower population growth rates and eventually also todecreasing population sizes in most industrialized countries. There are fears that thisdemographic development is associated with declines in per capita GDP and possiblyalso increasing inequality of the wage distribution. We investigate whether this is true inthe context of neoclassical growth models, augmented with endogenous fertility decisionsand endogenous educational decisions. Furthermore we allow for imperfectsubstitutability across workers of different age in the production process and learning bydoing effects as well as human capital depreciation. In particular, we assess theintergenerational wage redistribution effects which follow after a demographic change topersistent low fertility rates
Les prytanes d’Iasos, l’épitropos et la question du remplacement des magistrats en poste dans les cités hellénistiques. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte|(28) Symposion 2019 Akten der Gesellschaft für griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte Band 28|
No full textThe article examines the replacement of absent officials, in particulartemporary replacement. The case of the Prytanes of Iasos, who were able to bereplaced by another citizen in the 3rd-2nd c. BC, is the best documented and mostdifficult. With the help of some parallels, an attempt is also made to elucidate therole of an epitropos (representative) who sometimes intervened in this process
Erfassung der Lebenswelt mittels Mobility Mapping: Einsatz einer visuellen Methode als jahrgangsübergreifende Lehr-Lern-Sequenz. GW-Unterricht|GW-Unterricht 164|
No full textMobility Mapping ist eine Forschungsmethode, die die räumliche Dimension der Lebenswelt von Individuen oder Gruppen mithilfe einer von Teilnehmenden selbst erstellten Karte erforscht, um Einblick in deren bedeutsame Orte sowie Mobilitätspraktiken zu erhalten. Aufgrund der vielfältigen Lernziele für und die Orientierung auf Teilnehmende hat die visuelle Methode auch ein großes Potenzial für den Geographieunterricht. Der Transfer von der Fachwissenschaft in die schulische Praxis erfolgt im Beitrag im Rahmen einer Lehr-Lern-Sequenz mit Projektcharakter, bei der Schüler*innen der Oberstufe Mobility Maps vorbereiten und mit Schüler*innen der Unterstufe in Kleingruppen durchführen und auswerten
Alcohol-related mortality among men in Austria 1981–2002 and the importance of qualification and employment
No full textThe aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between alcohol-related mortality andsocial status among men in Austria, and to examine changes during the 1980s and 1990s.We linked individual census records for the Austrian population from 1981, 1991, and2001 with death register records for a follow-up period of one year. The final data setcontains 5,038,654 records of men 35–74 years old, of whom 3824 died of causesexplicitly related to alcohol abuse. Standardized mortality ratios by education, occupationand employment were calculated for alcohol- and non-alcohol-related causes of death. Aregression-based inequality measure was used for analyses of trends. We find that loweducated men were 2.77 (1981/82), 3.49 (1991/92), and 3.23 (2001/02) times more likelyto die of alcohol-related causes of death than high educated, while it was just 1.59, 1.80,and 1.89 for other conditions. Among men 35–59 years old, unskilled blue-collar workershad on average a 5.6 and 5.0 times higher risk than upper white-collar employees in1981/82 and 1991/92; for non-alcohol related causes it was 2.0 and 2.2. Unemployed orearly retired men were particularly at risk. In 2001/02 low-skilled inactive were 18 timesmore likely to die on alcohol-related causes than high-skilled economically active men.Over time the social inequalities in alcohol-related mortality increased but only between1981/82 and 1991/92; and among those 35–59 years old only for the economicallyinactive. A good education and sophisticated vocational skills are important protectivefactors for alcohol problems; however, what matters most is whether or not people areemployed
Insights from 20 years of research in the Entlebuch UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021|
No full textThe 50th anniversary of UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme coincides with the 20th anniversary of the Entlebuch UNESCO Biosphere Reserve (EBR) in Switzerland. While the MAB research framework has remained fairly constant since the EBR was established, the role of research in our institution and the ways it has been managed and implemented have changed significantly. After 20 years of research in the EBR, this is an opportune moment to highlight outputs, outcomes and impacts, and to draw conclusions regarding future challenges and developments for parks and their managements
„Walk and Talk“: Mit Walking Interviews den Nahraum der Schule untersuchen. GW-Unterricht|GW-Unterricht 164|
No full textWalking Interviews ermöglichen auf vielfältige Weise Zugang zu raumbezogenen Praktiken und raumbezogenen Erkenntnissen. Der Beitrag führt in die Methode der Durchführung und Analyse von Walking Interviews ein, stellt Ergebnisse eines studentischen Projektseminars vor und diskutiert fachdidaktische Möglichkeiten der Integration von Walking Interviews in Lernprozesse im Sinne des forschenden Lernens. Walking Interviews können insbesondere für stadtgeographische Themen und die Auseinandersetzung von Schüler*innen mit ihrem Nahraum einen methodischen Ansatz für partizipative Forschung und außerschulisches Lernen bieten
Extrapolative Projections of Mortality: Towards a More Consistent Method Part I: The Central Scenario
No full textAfter a comparative study of the Lee-Carter forecasting method and looking into the directextrapolation of mortality by age and sex, this paper advocates the use of the latter method.The method is, however, supplemented by additional procedures in order to improve itsefficiency in the short run and preclude implausible mortality patterns in the long run. Theshort-run efficiency is improved by building the forecast on data from the most recentperiods of age/sex-specific duration, when the mortality dynamics exhibit a steady trend. Inthe long run, the rates of the decline in mortality are assumed to converge to a plausiblefunction of age and sex, which is derived from the data based on the assumption that it is amonotonic function of age. The framework proposed also provides a natural basis fordeveloping multi-regional projection methods and also for introducing uncertainty into theprojection