Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Danksagung. Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie|Völkerkunde zur NS-Zeit aus Wien (1938–1945) Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie Band 27/1,2,3|Band 1 Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie|
No full textDie Protokolle des Salzburger Zucht‐ und Arbeitshauses 1784–1807. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 1 / 2021|
No full textThe ‘Zucht‐ und Arbeitshaus’ is “an institution in which vicious members of society are accustomed to a duty‐like behaviour through work and sternness […]”. This contemporary definition by Johann Christoph Adelung describes the main pillars that made such an institution. It remains open which persons were regarded as vicious members of society and with which work and punishment methods those affected were transformed. Writings straight from everyday life in the institution, such as the protocols of the ‘Salzburger Zucht‐ und Arbeitshaus’, could offer potential answers. In addition to describing the basic features of the workhouse system, there is another question that could be answered using the source material available: To what extent can mere administrative acts, including these protocols, help to draw conclusions about the social, political and economic circumstances of an area in a certain period of time? These two questions form the basis of the present research
Die Entwicklung der Kompetenzverteilung 1920 bis 1929 in Gesetzgebung und Wissenschaft. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2021|
No full textKey aspects of the Austrian system of federalism were not yet present in the Austrian Constitution of 1920 (the BVG). Rather they were forged by the profound challenges of the First Republic (fiscal, ideological and social) bbetween 1920 and 1929 and the resulting compromises that define Austrian federalism to this day. The legal distribution of competences between the Bund and the Länder in conjunction with a new model of judicial review allowed for conflicts to shift from the political to the legal arena, realizing a key aspect of Kelsenian legal thought. The dire state of public finances led to repeated constitutional compromises between the two major political parties, whose interests soon were at odds with their doctrinal stance on federalism: The centralist Social Democrats sought to safeguard the status of “Red” Vienna as an autonomous Land, while the federalist Christian Social Party found itself in control of the federal government. A constitutional reform in 1922 aimed at stabilizing the fiscal constitution. It would, however, be left to the major constitutional revision of 1925 to resolve most of questions on the future structure of federalism left open in 1920. 1929 would see one final major compromise before Austria’s descent into authoritarianism and ultimately totalitarianism. While these reforms and their foundations and reflections in legal scholarship were unable to save the First Republic, they created a stable framework for democratic federalism’s rebirth after 1945 and today’s multi‐level legal governance in the European legal area
Die Wiener Schule und die Kompetenzverteilung. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2021|
No full textThe theory of federalism of the Vienna School of Legal Positivism has had manifold influences on the application of the distribution of competences between the federation and the Länder in Austria. We gain an important insight into the significance of the theory of the federation as an order of separation, combined with the rejection of the principle of homogeneity in favor of explicitly provided principles and obligations of the legal order of the states. This contribution describes the legacy of the Vienna School of Legal Positivism for the interpretation and application of the distribution of competences in Austria. It has not only provided essential impulses for the normative understanding of the federal state, but also neglected the aspects of federalism that, in its view, are not legally relevant
Die Teilnovellen als letzter Akt der österreichischen Zivilgesetzgebung in Mitteleuropa. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2020|
No full textIn the early 1970s, Helmut Slapnicka published his book “Österreichs Recht ausserhalb Österreichs. Der Untergang des österreichischen Rechtsraums“. This volume constitutes an important and central starting point for further enquiries into the continued formal and substantial relevance of the realm of Austrian law. As a first step towards in‐depths studies on the Austrian civil law area in the 20th century, this article presents a brief introduction to the last major act of Austrian civil law legislation and its continuing relevance in Central Europe
Spelling and Transliteration Systems. Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie|Early West Tibetan Buddhist Monuments Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie 29|
No full textJoseph Thsertan Gergan‘s Report on Nyarma, 1917. Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie|Early West Tibetan Buddhist Monuments Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie 29|
No full textA Web Application for Simulating Future Settlement Development. GI_Forum|GI_Forum 2021, Volume 2|
No full textWith the growing residential development of urban areas and their hinterlands in the Alpine region, urban sprawl is a major concern. It is therefore essential for decision-making authorities and urban planners to monitor the demand for, and consumption of, the limited reserve of land zoned for residential buildings and the development of future settlements. Data such as demographic statistics, population forecasts, and geospatial data of the land reserve are required for this purpose. However, due to the variety of these data, tools for exploring them in an integrated and intuitive manner are rarely available. This paper introduces a web application designed to facilitate this task, a map-based strategical dashboard that was developed within the Alpine Building Centre project (Zentrum Alpines Bauen, www.alpinesbauen.at). The paper describes the application’s design goals, data preparation, architecture and user interface. With a use case in Oberndorf bei Salzburg, we demonstrate how the application visualizes the predicted future settlement situation based on existing housing patterns and population development forecasts. The use case also shows how the application allows simulation and evaluation of various scenarios for housing demand and zoned residential land use, thus assisting decision makers to devise spatial development concepts for balancing housing sufficiency and reducing urban sprawl. This paper aims to present the application as an approach of using an interactive map-based dashboard to present and utilize multidimensional data in the field of residential land use for the purposes of urban planning
The metal sheet figurines from Byblos: evidence of an Egyptian import and adaptation. Ägypten und Levante|Ägypten und Levante XXXI 31|
No full textThis paper considers some peculiar types of figurines found in Byblos, which are cut from a tiny, thin sheet of metal (copper alloy, silver, or gold). They represent human figures, mainly male, in a standing position. These figurines have been documented in various deposits in the acropolis of Byblos and their chronological range spans from 2100 to 1650 BC. Usually presented as a Gublite product, these figurines may actually be part of an Egyptian tradition, directly imported to Byblos and then developed and readapted locally. The evidence for an Egyptian import is provided by a foundation deposit discovered at Deir el- Bahri, in the mortuary complex of Montuhotep II (c. 2020 BC), which presents similar sheet metal figurines, but of clear Egyptian manufacture and conception
Advantages of 360° Virtual Forest Tours to Supplement Academic Forestry Education. GI_Forum|GI_Forum 2021, Volume 2|
No full text360° virtual forest tours (VFTs), created by state-of-the-art virtual reality technology, contribute to the progression of academic e-learning and forest management. The article proposes a conceptual framework for 360° VFT production and use to supplement field courses. Reflective insights into the authors’ own learning process in the production of 360° VFTs, and a consideration of the general challenges of the medium are also presented. To conclude, the article summarizes the advantages of 360° VFTs for forestry education in an academic context