Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Two perspectives – one goal: resilience research in protected mountain regions. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 No. 2 13 2|
No full textResilience at various levels of the social and environmental domains is a key aspect of sustainable development in mountain areas. However, resilience research is hampered by inconsistent definitions and conceptualizations of resilience. Using the examples of two research projects from protected mountain areas in different regions of the world (in the Austrian Alps and the Nepalese Himalayas), we illustrate two distinct perspectives on resilience: a system-based perspective and an agency-based one. We identify common characteristics of these views on resilience and apparent contradictions between them, and discuss how the two perspectives can be integrated to enhance understanding of resilience and to support sustainable development
STADTREGIONEN ALS FUNKTIONALE HANDLUNGSRÄUME: KONTEXTE DES FÖDERALEN ÖSTERREICHS UND UNITARISCHEN FINNLANDS IM VERGLEICH
No full text
The Effect of Nativity, Duration of Residence, and Age at Arrival on Obesity: Evidence from an Australian Longitudinal Study
No full textThe motivation for this paper arises from the lack of longitudinal studies which investigate changes in obesity patterns of immigrants and the effect of age at arrival on these patterns and changes. Additionally, few studies examined empirically the pathways by which changes in obesity occur overtime. We investigated differences in the levels of obesity among foreign-born people from English Speaking and non-English Speaking countries relative to native-born Australians, and how those differences changed with duration of residence and age at arrival using a large representative longitudinal dataset. We also explored whether the association between nativity, duration of residence (DoR) and obesity is mediated by English language proficiency, socioeconomic factors and health behaviour factors. We found that the odds of being obese were significantly smaller among foreign-born people, both from English speaking countries and non-English speaking countries compared with native-born people. Relative to the native-born, immigrants from non-English speaking countries lost their measurable obesity advantage with respect to the native-born after 20 years of residence in Australia, whereas immigrants from English speaking countries did not. We did not find a substantial modification in these associations by age at arrival for either immigrants from non-English speaking or English speaking countries. We found some evidence of a mediating role of English language proficiency on obesity for foreign-born people from non-English speaking countries. Given increasing proportions of foreign-born people in Australia, particularly from non-English speaking countries, our results underscore the role of English language proficiency in designing healthy weight interventions
Preconditioning the Helmholtz equation with the shifted Laplacian and Faber polynomials. ETNA - Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis
No full textWe introduce a new polynomial preconditioner for solving the discretized Helmholtz equation preconditioned with the complex shifted Laplace (CSL) operator. We exploit the localization of the spectrum of the CSL-preconditioned system to approximately enclose the eigenvalues by a non-convex ‘bratwurst’ set. On this set, we expand the function 1/z into a Faber series. Truncating the series gives a polynomial, which we apply to the Helmholtz matrix preconditioned by the shifted Laplacian to obtain a new preconditioner, the Faber preconditioner. We prove that the Faber preconditioner is nonsingular for degrees one and two of the truncated series. Our numerical experiments (for problems with constant and varying wavenumber) show that the Faber preconditioner reduces the number of GMRES iterations
The Gender Dimension of Intergenerational Transfers in Europe
No full textThis paper analyses the gender dimension of intergenerational transfers in European countries using National Transfer Accounts data on age- and gender-specific transfers in 2010. We combine data on public and private transfers with demographic information to estimate gender-specific net transfer benefits by life stage and over the whole life course. Furthermore, public old-age benefits are decomposed into yearly averages as well as the number of years that individuals can expect to be net recipients of public transfers. The results show remarkable differences between genders, especially in old age. Yearly net public benefits in old age are considerably smaller for women. However, the total public benefits over the whole retirement period are higher for women due to their higher life expectancy
Index. Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse|Tribes in Modern Yemen: An Anthology Sammlung Eduard Glaser 18|
No full textPauli, Ludwig Mathias
No full text* 19.11.1851 Linz, † 14.6.1916 Gmunden/OÖ. Richter, Heimatforscher, Volksliedsammler
Nationalization of Indicators for Sustainable Development Goals in the Republic of Kazakhstan through Geoinformation Technologies. GI_Forum|GI_Forum 2021, Volume 1|
No full textFrom the first days of independence, Kazakhstan has paid attention to sustainable development and successfully achieved the Millennium Development Goals and in 2015 launched the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The article discusses the issues of monitoring and reporting on the SDGs in Kazakhstan, the priority of nationalization of indicators, the creation of a statistical database on the SDGs, the definition of data sources, and methodology for calculation. Geospatial data are inevitable for the integration of information about society, economy and environment. A web-portal developed by the authors is presented that allows to assess the quality of life of the population in different regions based on the SDG indicators