Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Alternative Indicators of Population Ageing: An Inventory
No full textThe extent, speed and impact of population ageing have often been exaggerated becausestandard indicators such as the Old-Age Dependency Ratio or Support Ratio do not takeproper account of falling mortality, the changing relationship between age and employment,or (usually) both. Neither do such ratios consider the changing composition in terms ofeducational attainment, human capital or other population characteristics. Not surprisingly,over the last decade or so demographers have developed alternatives. This paper provides anoverview of such alternatives and briefly discusses their utility
Pärke, Parks and Reservate – biosphere reserves in Austria, Germany and Switzerland on their way towards Biosphere 4.0?. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021|
No full textThe biosphere reserve (BR), as conceived by UNESCO, is a permanent intervention towards sustainable development. With 727 BRs in 131 countries (Österreichisches MAB-Nationalkomitee 2021), this means interventions in highly diverse environmental, economic, socio-cultural and institutional contexts. With the MAB Strategy 2015–2025, the Lima Declaration 2016 and the Lima Action Plan 2016–2025, UNESCO BRs should develop fully into model regions for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals 2015–2030 (SDGs) (United Nations 2015). Because of their varied contexts, the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves consists of different, but globally self-similar, fractal institutions. In this article we emphasize the understanding, implementation and management of BRs in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. These three European democracies are examples of federally structured states with comparatively wealthy economies as well as high political stability. Respect for property rights, regional acceptance, decentralized decisionmaking, and micro- and macro-economic considerations have always played decisive roles in the development of BRs in the DACH countries. We aim to identify, analyse and discuss the distinct characteristics and peculiarities of BRs in this area. We investigate how the framework conditions of sustainability, as presented in the concept of BRs, are perceived, discussed and implemented. As a basis for our analysis, we use a sample of 18 peer-reviewed publications, which were published collectively as a book on BRs in the DACH countries (Borsdorf et al. 2020). The individual publications present overviews, case studies and in-depth investigations in the three countries. All authors were invited to participate in a meta-text analysis. This was conducted in the form of a survey, a transdisciplinary workshop with a reflective design using a virtual whiteboard, and a concluding feedback loop. The results of the qualitative exploration are interpreted against the background of international comparisons and recent scholarly discussions. Based on the assumption that different types of ambiguities and conflicts are inherently a key element of the BR concept, we conclude that the DACH countries may have found specific ways to deal with and overcome these differences
The Reproductive Value as Part of the Shadow Price of Population
No full textThe reproductive value (see Fisher 1930) arises as part of the shadow price of thepopulation in a large class of age-structured optimal control models
Editorial. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 14 No. 1 14 1|
No full textNews. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 14 No. 1 14 1|
No full textVorwort für das Herausgebergremium/ Preface for the Editorial Board. Ägypten und Levante|Ägypten und Levante XXXI 31|
No full textMitteleuropäisches Zivilrecht. Studien und Beiträge zum ADHGB. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2020|
No full textThe General German Commercial Code (ADHGB) of 1861 defined in the second half of the 19th century the course of business in Central Europe, assuming substantially the function of a common Law of Obligations. As a “Uniform Act” it provided the Sale of Goods with a comprehensive set of rules, formative for the further development in the 20th century
Das Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren und seine Rechtsordnung (1939–1945). Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2020|
No full textAfter the establishment of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, a dual legal system was implemented on the territory of Bohemia and Moravia – Protectorate law (autonomous) and German law (imperial). Its application was usually based on the citizenship of the subjects of the legal relations. Along with the introduction of legal dualism, a German judiciary was also established, parallel to the comprehensive German occupation administrative apparatus led by the Reich Protector. Throughout the existence of the Protectorate, German officials kept intervening into the autonomous law, therefore the often proclaimed ‘autonomy’ was gradually fading away. In the contribution, the collections of publications in which provisions of the imperial law as well as the autonomous law were published, will be introduced
An Archaeological Account of Nyarma and its Surroundings, Ladakh. Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie|Early West Tibetan Buddhist Monuments Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie 29|
No full textDie Auswirkungen der theresianisch-josephinischen Reformen auf die Stellung der Grundherrschaften. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2020|
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to outline the fundamental developments in the position of the manors during the reform period in the Habsburg monarchy under the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. The focus of the article is on the one hand on the different interventions of the emerging state in the sphere of the manors, and on the other hand on some aspects that illustrate the limits of the state´s influence on regional administration