Aceh Journal of Animal Science
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Marine Invertebrate Inventory at Ai Limung Beach, Teluk Saleh, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Full text linkSaleh Bay, which is a semi-enclosed water body bordering the Flores Sea, is located in the northeast coastal region of Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara. This area has potential for the utilization of various natural resources such as fisheries, tourism, agriculture, and industry. Increased human activities and ongoing development around the coastal area of Teluk Saleh have put pressure on marine habitats, impacting ecosystem health and water quality. Invertebrate biota, as part of the kingdom Animalia, play an important role in ecosystems as environmental bioindicators and providers of significant ecological services. However, data on the presence and diversity of marine invertebrates in this area are still very limited. Therefore, this study was conducted at Ai Limung Beach, Pungkit Village, Sumbawa Regency, with the aim of identifying marine invertebrate species and evaluating their ecological and economic roles. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for stakeholders in managing marine resources in the Teluk Saleh area, supporting conservation efforts, and facilitating sustainable resource utilization policies
Studies on the Biochemical Composition of the Whole, Flesh and Exoskeleton of Two Penaeid Species from Makoko Fish Landing Sites, of the Lagos Lagoon, South-West Nigeria
Full text linkShrimps remain a healthy seafood option found in most recipes of people all over the world due to its rich supply of protein, vitamins and minerals. With this and several reasons, it becomes pertinent for consumers to be informed on the choice of the parts of the shrimps they eat. This study therefore, sought to examined the morphometric characters and the biochemical composition of the whole, flesh and exoskeleton of P. monodon and P. longirostris from Lagos Lagoon. Using standard methods, the species were collected monthly between November, 2022 and February, 2023 and later subjected to various laboratory procedures. The morphometric characters showed that P. monodon is larger than P. longirostris with the total length ranging from 11.00 - 20.00 cm, 8.00 - 14.00 cm, total weight ranged between 9.10 - 30.40 g, 5.70 - 15.50 g (before de-shelling) and 5.60 -15.80 g, 3.20 - 6.00 g (after de-shelling) for P. monodon and P. longirostris respectively. The proximate composition varied significantly (p0.05) in both species for the whole body, flesh and the exoskeleton. The flesh of the species contained the highest amount of moisture (7.91, 7.62 %), crude protein (44.01, 45.63 %) and crude fat (1.12, 1.59 %) while the exoskeleton had the highest amount of crude fibre (0.30, 0.23 %), total ash (36.62, 33.82 %) and total carbohydrate (40.87, 41.20 %) for P. monodon and P. longirostris respectively. The minerals analysis indicated that the exoskeleton of the two species had the highest mineral contents with Calcium been the highest (20.580.06 g/100g, 18.920.11 g/100g) of all the minerals for P. monodon and P. longirostris respectively. Based on this nutritional composition, the various parts of both species are recommended for consumption by all human age groups depending on individual preference. The exoskeleton and the shrimp head which are often considered as waste from shrimp processing could serve a potential alternative for industries engaged in animal feed formulation. It is therefore pertinent to pay attention to shrimp nutritional composition which will be of importance to shellfish biologist and aquaculturist during the feed formulation
Nutrition Relieving Strategies to Relieve Negative Effect of Heat Stress on Livestock and Poultry
Full text linkHeat stress induces systemic inflammatory responses that severely compromise the growth and health of livestock and poultry. Gradual climate change poses escalating threats to the economic viability of animal husbandry through increasingly frequent extreme heat events. Under thermal stress, persistent inflammation in muscles and tissues disrupts metabolic processes, impairing muscle growth and fat deposition, which translates to reduced yield and quality in farmed animals. Understanding the mechanisms of heat stress-induced inflammation facilitates the implications of intervention strategies. This review synthesizes characteristic changes in key biochemical indicators triggered by heat stress and reviews nutritional strategies aimed at restoring normal physiological parameters, thereby providing references for mitigating heat stress in livestock and poultry and ultimately enhancing productivity and economic sustainability
Immunostimulant effect of Chaetomorpha sp in Tilapia infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
Full text linkChaetomorpha sp is a type of green marcoalgae that is rich in bioactive compound that function as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and can increase fish immunity. This study aims to determine the immunostimulating effect of Chaetomorpha sp macroalgae extract on the leukocyte profile of Tilapia infected with A. hydrophila. The experimental method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four extract dose treatments (0, 25, 50, 75 mL/kg feed) and three replicates. The test fish used were 2.63 0.26g, reared in black tanks with a size of 60x30x30 cm, a volume of 80 L with a stocking density of 1 fish/4 L, and a recirculation system. Maintenance was carried out for 60 days with a frequency of feeding three times a day, namely 08.00 AM, 01.00 PM, and 05.00 PM, as much as 5% of body weight. The parameters observed were total leukocytes, leukocyte differentiation, and phagocytosis index. The results showed that the administration of Chaetomorpha sp extract significantly increased total leukocytes, lymphocyte differentiation, and phagocytosis index (p0.05). The dose of 50 mL/kg feed is the optimal dose that affects the leukocyte profile of Tilapia. T0 (without extract) experienced 100% mortality, while the treatment group showed increased resistance to infection. Bioactive compounds such as sulfated polysaccharides and flavonoids in Chaetomorpha sp are thought to play a role in stimulating the innate immune system. This study highlights the potential of Chaetomorpha sp as an alternative to antibiotics in sustainable tilapia aquaculture
The Effect of Different Pure Natural Honey On Betta Fish Seed Production (Betta splendens) Male
Full text linkOnly around 40% of male betta fish are typically produced under normal conditions. Honey, a natural substance containing potassium and flavonoids, has the potential to alter fish sexuality from female to male. Potassium plays a key role in regulating testosterone and supporting androgen function, which promotes male characteristics in fish. This study aimed to identify the type of pure natural honey that most effectively increases the production of male betta fish fry. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used, consisting of four treatments with three replications each. The treatments were: (1) control (no honey soaking), (2) soaking eggs in Forest honey solution at a dose of 5 mL/L, (3) soaking eggs in Multiflora honey solution at 5 mL/L, and (4) soaking eggs in Randu honey solution at 5 mL/L. Sex identification was carried out at 60 days through morphological observation of the urogenital organs, and confirmed at 70 days using gonad histology with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The results showed that the highest percentage of males was obtained in Treatment 3 (Multiflora honey), at 59.59% 1.65, while the lowest was in the control group (Treatment 1) at 43.30% 1.70. The survival rate differed significantly among treatments, ranging from 40.00% to 66.67%, and the hatching rate ranged from 70% to 90%. Water quality parameters including temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) remained within the optimal range for betta fish maintenance throughout the study. In conclusion, Multiflora honey was the most effective in increasing the production of male betta fish fry
Performance, Physiological and Blood Profile of Kalawad Bucks fed Brachiaria Ruziziensis or Panicum maximum
Full text linkThis study evaluated growth performance, physiological parameters and blood profile of crosses between Kalahari Red bucks and West African Dwarf does (KalaWAD) fed ruzi (Brachiaria ruziziensis) and/or guinea grass (Panicum maximum). Twelve (12) KalaWAD bucks were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments: Panicum maximum (PM), Brachiaria ruziziensis (BR) and 1:1 mixture of Panicum maximum and Brachiaria ruziziensis (PMBR) for 84 days. The data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance using a completely randomized design. Crude protein (p0.05) and ether extract (p0.05) were in the range from 5.68-7.35% and 0.82-1.11% respectively. Crude fibre (p0.05) and ash content (p0.05) were highest in PM with values of 37.75% and 11.38% respectively. PMBR had a dry matter content of 90.93% while the highest value of nitrogen free extract (55.19%) was observed in BR. PM recorded the highest weight gain of 2.75 kg and feed conversion ratio of 14.19. The daily weight gain of crosses fed PM, BR and PMBR were 49.11 gday-1 , 35.00 gday-1 and 34. gday-1 respectively. The feed conversion ratio was in the range between 14.19 and 20.64. Physiological parameters were significantly (p0.05) influenced with highest values in heart (88.121.02 beat/minutes) and pulse rate (72.280.61 beat/minutes) of bucks fed with PM while highest value of rectal temperature was observed to be 38.58oC in BR. Haematological parameters (p0.05) of the bucks fed with PM, BR and PMBR were within the normal range. Total bilirubin, Zinc and Sodium were significantly (p0.05) influenced by the diets. The study concluded that the experimental diets promoted growth rate, haematological and physiological parameters which resulted in healthy and better performance as observed in KalaWAD bucks fed with PM
Organochlorine pesticide residues in water and Silver Catfish (Bagrus bajad Fabricius, 1775) from a tropical man-made lake, Northwestern, Nigeria
Full text linkOrganochloride pesticides remain widely used in Africa, despite their potential public health issues. This study assessed the organochloride pesticides (OCPs) residues in water and silver catfish from Ajiwa Reservoir. The concentrations of OCPs in water and fish samples were determined using GC analysis, while One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the means for each parameter among the selected stations (Kadaji, Gamji and Kundu waje). Significantly higher concentrations of Aldrin (2.660.44ngL-1), Diedrin (1.710.38ngL-1), Endrin aldehyde (2.310.22ngL-1), Endrin ketone (2.560.22ngL-1), beta-BHC (1.700.66ngL-1), gamma- BHC (0.850.30ngL-1) and delta- BHC (1.190.47ngL-1) were found in the gills of fish from Kadaji. Also, significantly higher Endosulfan (2.240.70 gL-1), Methoxychlor (2.630.95gL-1) and p,p'-DDE (1.770.34ngL-1) were found in the muscles of fish from Gamji. In contrast, Diedrin (2.1110.59ngL-1) and Endrin aldehyde (3.840.86ngL-1) were significantly higher in the fish muscles from Kadaji. The OCPs in the water were not significantly different among the stations except Alpha-BHC (1.500.63 ngL-1). The study revealed the presence of various organochlorine pesticides in the fish tissues and the water, indicating a possible bioaccumulation in the fish. Although all the organochlorines were not above the safety level, however, it is not impossible that this might lead to possible health issues in the futur
Species Variation and Collection Time on the Nutrients and Microbial Loads of Some Frozen Marine Fishes Sold in Dambatta Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe study evaluated the influence of collection time and species type on the nutritional compositions and microbial loads of some frozen marine fish species sold in the Dambatta local government area of Kano State. Three fish species; Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus, Linnaeus, 1758), Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus, Linnaeus, 1758), and Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus, Linnaeus, 1758) were assessed. Nine pieces of each fish species were collected at three different times designated as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd collection times between when a new supply is received and almost finished, making a total of 27 fish from the cold room in Dambatta town. The proximate, free fatty acid, mineral compositions and microbial loads of the samples were analyzed. The results indicated that both the species type and collection time significantly affected all the proximate composition and free fatty acids, except carbohydrates. that was not different among the collection times. Crude protein was significantly higher in T. trachurus than in other species and the highest was 21.93 0.04% collected at the 3rd time. The highest lipid (4.97 0.02%) was also in T. trachurus but at the 2nd collection. Free fatty acid was also significantly higher in T. trachurus. All the minerals were also influenced by the species but collection time affected only the iron and manganese. For the microbial population, Salmonella sp. was influenced by both the species and collection time, it was higher significantly in T. trachurus, and the least was recorded in the first collection. E. coli was higher significantly in S. scrombrus than others and the highest was observed in the 2nd collection. T. trachurus is the best in terms of nutritional composition while the first collection had a higher microbial load, all the microbial loads were within the safety level for fish consumption
Eco-morphological diversity of fish fauna in a tropical man-made lake, Southwestern Nigeria
Full text linkEco-morphological studies seek to understand the interconnection between the morphology of an organism and its ecology. It is the only way to determine if morphometric data can be used as an informative proxy for ecological variables of interest. This study, therefore, investigated fish diversity and its eco-morphological features for sustainable fish production in the Oyan Dam. The ichthyofauna of the Oyan Dam was surveyed from November 2021 to April 2022, and data on the abundance, diversity, and ecomorphological traits were obtained following standard procedures. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Bootstrap resampling, and Multivariate statistics. A total of 466 piscine specimens were sampled which belonged to seven orders, 13 families, and 26 species. Four families including Cichlidae, Mormyridae, Schilbeidae, and Ariidae were dominant and constituted 66.74% of the total catches. Margalef (3.50.02) and dominance (0.470.01) index values suggest that Oyan Dam is highly diverse with abundant fish species. The assemblage of fish species in Oyan Dam is ecomorphologically structured. However, the main ecomorphological traits verified in this study were compression index (CI), aspect of pectoral fin ratio (APFR), and caudal peduncle compression index (CPCI). These ecomorphological attributes indicated the relationship between the morphology of the species and their potential niches
Substrate Complexity Drives Hermit Crab (Diogenidae) Diversity and Ecological Flexibility Across Sand, Rubble, and Coral Habitats in Tarahan Island, Indonesia
Full text linkResearch on the role of benthic substrates in shaping hermit crab communities along coastlines remains relatively limited, despite the important role this group plays in coastal benthic ecosystems. This study counducted in April 2025, aimed to examined the relationship between substrate characteristics sand, coral rubble, and coral reefs and the distribution and community structure of hermit crabs of the family Diogenidae along the northwestern coast of Tarahan Island, Indonesia. A total of 58 individuals consisting of 9 hermit crab species were identified across the three habitat types, with the highest species richness and abundance found in the rubble habitat, which exhibited high porosity and microhabitat heterogeneity. Community analysis using ANOSIMS showed R value of -0.002 and a p-value of 0.48 revealed an overlap in species composition among habitat types however, SIMPER analysis certain species such as Clibanarius striolatus consistently dominated habitats with high structural complexity, while others like Clibanarius signatus showed a specific preference for coral-sand habitats. This variation in habitat preference reflects a spectrum of ecological strategies, ranging from specialists to generalists, within the hermit crab community studied. The findings highlight the importance of substrate diversity and integrity in supporting the ecological flexibility, stability, and sustainability of hermit crab communities in dynamic coastal ecosystem