1955 research outputs found
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Digital transformation as a factor in the economic development of Montenegro
No full textDigital transformation in Montenegro is an evolving process that aims to use digital technologies to boost economic growth, improve governance, enhance public services and foster innovation. The main objective of this chapter is to analyze the impact of public administration reform as a determinant of Montenegro's economic development on the achieved economic and social results, which are determined by the achieved level of various key economic parameters, such as: GDP, FDI, import and export of goods and services. In this context, special emphasis was placed on the analysis of two indicators: EGDI (E-Government Development Index) and EPI (E-Participation Index). The methodological concept and the analysis of the first part are based on official data from the World Bank and Monstat, while the second part is based on the UN eGovernment Survey, an official report of the United Nations (UN E-Government Knowledgebase). The period covered by the survey is from 2012 to 2023. The results show that public administration reform is an important factor for Montenegro's economic development
Firm-level Green Innovation in Serbia: Key Drivers and Sectoral Insights
No full textGreen innovation addresses the environmental challenges that companies face while serving as a key driver of sustainable development by integrating environmental, economic and social dimensions. The aim of this study is to identify the main internal and external factors influencing green innovation in companies and to compare the adoption of green innovation in the manufacturing and service sectors. The analysis is based on data from the Community Innovation Survey for Serbia, which covers the innovation activities of companies in the period from 2020 to 2022. Using logistic regression models, the results indicate that the main internal drivers of green innovation in both sectors are firm-specific factors, equipment procurement, business model and process innovation. Among the external drivers, customer demand and rising costs linked to climate change are the most influential. The findings provide a foundation for designing policy measures and strategies to promote green innovation in developing countries
Application of Open Innovations in Railway Transport and Their Importance for the Improvement of Railways
No full textUntil two decades ago, innovative activities within companies were primarily conducted using their own knowledge and internal resources. However, advancements in modern information technologies and IoT devices have enabled broader community engagement in identifying problems and proposing solutions across various sectors, including railway transport. Implementing the open innovation concept allows companies to use knowledge from the wider social environment. Traditional business processes for addressing specific railway challenges are often slow, complex, and costly. The advent of IoT has facilitated a more rational, swift, and cost-effective approach to resolving particular issues on the railways through open innovation and crowdsourcing. This business model has already been successfully utilized in numerous countries to enhance railways and address specific problems within these transport systems. One of the significant areas where open innovations are effectively applied is traffic safety. This research focuses on using the concepts of open innovations in railways to improve efficiency and railway traffic safety. Many railways apply open innovations to advance smart railway transport in smart cities. For the railway industry, embracing open innovation is essential for maintaining competitiveness in the transport services market. This research aims to identify the advantages and limitations of the open innovation model by analyzing its practical applications in the railway sector. Insights from practical experiences and theoretical studies indicate that numerous railways worldwide successfully address specific situations and challenges through crowdsourcing and open innovation. Despite these advancements, there remains significant potential for further development of open innovation within the railway
Digital marketing and online freelancing: Assessing the competence and inclusion potential for persons with physical disabilities in Serbia, Croatia, and Montenegro
Get PDFDigital marketing and online freelancing offer important opportunities for expanding labor market inclusion of persons with disabilities (PWDs), particularly through flexible, remote work arrangements. How-ever, the existing literature lacks research on the experiences of PWDs in digital market-ing and their self-perceived competencies, particularly in the context of the platform economy in developing and post-transition countries. To address this gap, this study investigates the level of digital marketing experience and self-assessed competencies of persons with physical disabilities (PwPDs) in Serbia, Croatia, and Montenegro. The data was collected from 398 PwPDs using a validated questionnaire based on the Digital Marketing Competence (DMC) framework. The results show that most respondents have only basic or no experience in digital marketing and consider their competencies across all DMC areas insufficient for inde-pendent work. A positive relationship was found between previous experience and self-perceived competence. These results point to the pressing need for inclusive, multi-level digital marketing training programs tailored to the needs of PwPDs. Such programs should also address gender and geographic inequalities in digital access. Limitations in-clude a focus on self-assessment and only PwPDs. Future research should expand the sample and incorporate performance-based assessments to more comprehensively ex-amine digital marketing competence
When Does Trade Become Green?
No full textThis paper explores whether trade openness contributes to environmental sustainability in European emerging economies, focusing on the role of renewable energy. Using panel data for 13 Central, Eastern, and Southeastern European countries from 2006 to 2021, we estimate fixed effects models to assess the relationship between trade openness (TO), renewable energy consumption (REC), and CO₂ emissions per capita. The baseline model shows that both TO and REC are negatively associated with emissions. However, when including an interaction term between TO and REC, we find that trade openness alone does not significantly reduce emissions, while the interaction term is negative and statistically significant. This suggests that the environmental benefits of trade are conditional on the presence of a strong renewable energy sector. Our findings underscore the importance of integrated trade and energy policies and support recent literature emphasizing that trade can become “green” only under specific structural conditions
Economic Complexity in CEE Countries: The Role of Innovations, Investments and Education
No full textHow do foreign direct investment (FDI), research and development (R&D) expenditure, and tertiary
education enrolment influence economic complexity in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries? Motivation:
Economic complexity is a key driver of industrial sophistication and long-term competitiveness. While prior research
(Hidalgo & Hausmann, 2009; Liu & Gao, 2020; Neagu, Neagu, & Gavurova, 2022) links complexity to growth, limited
studies focus on its determinants in transition economies. CEE countries provide an ideal case to examine how FDI, R&D,
and tertiary education affect economic sophistication. This study fills a gap by assessing whether these factors enhance
complexity or introduce inefficiencies. A key novelty is the negative relationship between tertiary education and economic
complexity, suggesting labour market misalignment, brain drain, and educational inefficiencies. Idea: This research
examines the relationship between FDI, R&D, and tertiary education enrolment as key determinants of the Economic
Complexity Index (ECI). It explores whether FDI facilitates technology transfer, R&D enhances industrial sophistication,
and education strengthens human capital, or whether inefficiencies hinder transformation. Data: A balanced panel dataset
(1998–2021) covering 11 CEE countries, sourced from the Atlas of Economic Complexity, UNCTAD, and the World Bank.
Tools: Applied methodology includes Pesaran’s CD test, CIPS unit root test, Westerlund cointegration, PCSE regressions,
and robustness checks via FGLS. Nonlinear effects are examined through quadratic and categorical models. Findings:
FDI and R&D positively influence complexity. Tertiary enrolment negatively correlates with complexity. Contribution: The
study offers policy insights for aligning investment, innovation, and education systems in CEE countries
Enhanced Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms
No full textThis paper proposes four enhanced variants of standard multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm by individually or synergistically integrating three optimization strategies: logistic chaotic initialization, Levy flight, and angle-based archive update. Multiple comparative experiments were conducted on 22 test problems from the ZDT, UF, and DTLZ benchmark datasets, covering diverse problem characteristics such as non-convexity, discontinuity and multimodality. Algorithm performance was evaluated using inverted generational distance (IGD) and hypervolume (HV), where IGD measures convergence and distribution uniformity, while HV assesses diversity. The results demonstrate that the proposed variants lead to better performance in comparison to the standard multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm across different test problems
Smart Railway as a Smart City Service
No full textThe railway system is a large-scale, complex, and multidisciplinary technical, transportation,
and business subsystem. As an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly mode of transport, railways
record the lowest levels of greenhouse gas emissions compared to other transport modalities. The
development of modern information and communication technologies (ICT), the Internet of Things (IoT),
and artificial intelligence (AI) has triggered substantial changes in the railway sector, steering it toward
digital transformation and system modernization. This paper analyzes the concept of the "smart railway"
as a key infrastructural component of smart cities by examining its structure, core functions, and selected
urban implementation cases. Special emphasis is placed on comparative analysis of global practices and
the identification of development priorities. The aim of the research is to assess the strategic relevance
and comparative advantages of smart railways within the broader smart city ecosystem. The paper
concludes that a well-planned and integrated smart railway system can significantly contribute to
sustainable urban development and enhance citizens' quality of life
Education, Unemployment and Labour Market Imbalances: a Statistical Overview
No full textThis paper examines labour market
imbalances in selected Central and Eastern
European (CEE) and Western Balkan countries
over the period 2010–2024. Several harmonised
indicators are analysed to illustrate labour market
dynamics and to identify differences and divergent
trends between countries. For labour force
participation rates across educational levels, no
consistent trends are observed across countries,
even when grouped. The relationship between job
vacancy and unemployment rates indicates that
Czechia is the only country where the job vacancy
rate exceeds the unemployment rate for almost the
entire period, while data for Romania show
declining trends for both indicators. North
Macedonia displays the largest discrepancy
between these two labour market indicators
Generative AI in Scientific Publishing – Opportunities and Challenges
No full textThis paper examines how generative artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping scientific publishing through its growing role in authoring, review-ing, and editorial workflows. It maps the current landscape of generative AI adoption, highlighting how large-scale language models and image-based systems assist researchers and editors in writing, translation, visualisation, and content management. The analysis identifies both opportunities, such as efficiency, inclusivity, and innovation, and challenges, including accuracy, accountability, bias, and uneven policy implementation. Ethical implications are addressed through international and national frameworks that emphasise transparency, human oversight, and provenance verification. By synthesising recent literature and publisher policies, this paper argues for the institution-alisation of ethics-in-practice as a foundation for trustworthy AI integration in scholarly communication