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An Improved Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization for Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
No full textThis paper introduces an improved hybrid ant colony optimization, that integrates ant colony optimization and three operators to address the vehicle routing problem with time windows. Ant colony optimization often tramps into local optimality, to enhance the possibility of escaping local optima, this paper proposes a hybrid strategy: when ant colony optimization trapping in local optimum, genetic algorithm is used to explore for solutions based on the current optimal solution. And for improving the performance of ant colony optimization, two neighborhood search mechanisms are introduced. The primary operator prioritizes the number of vehicles reduction, while the secondary operator addresses total travel distance minimization. The proposed algorithm undergoes rigorous evaluation across Solomon benchmark dataset, with performance benchmarking against the ant colony optimization and other algorithms. The experimental results show that the improved hybrid ant colony optimization is a competitive algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time window
Empowering Sustainable Growth Through Emerging Technologies in Serbia and North Macedonia
No full textThis study explores the perceived economic, social, and environmental impacts of emerging
technologies (including artificial intelligence, IoT, and big data) on sustainable growth in Serbia and
North Macedonia. Drawing on survey responses from participants across professional sectors, the
analysis employs descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis H tests to assess
motivational factors, barriers to adoption, and sectoral differences. Findings indicate that innovation
an competitiveness are dominant motivators, especially in North Macedonia, while high costs, skill
shortages, and limited awareness remain key barriers. Economic benefits such as cost savings and
operational efficiency are widely recognized, though environmental outcomes, particularly renewable
energy adoption, are less developed. Sectoral comparisons reveal that business organizations lead in
benefit realization, whereas government entities lag behind. The study highlights the need for context
specific policies and inclusive digital strategies to ensure that the adoption of emerging technologies
supports long-term, sustainable development across varying institutional and sectoral environments
„Može li subalterno govoriti?“ – Not in my country kulturna reprezentacija političko-ekoloških sukoba oko projekta Jadar
No full textDokumentarni film Not in my country, o projektu eksploatacije litijuma
u dolini Jadra, ilustruje kako naizgled neutralna kulturna reprezentacija
može reprodukovati i legitimizovati postojeće odnose moći. Interdisciplinarna analiza omogućila je da se razotkriju diskurzivne strategije kroz koje
se u filmu konstruiše epistemičko nasilje. Analiza potvrđuje niz strategija
epistemičke marginalizacije, gde subalterni glasovi ne mogu govoriti kroz
kulturne reprezentacije koje podrivaju njihov autentični glas. Smatramo da
ova analiza otvara prostor za promišljanje o tome kako različiti medijski
formati i njihov miks mogu biti u funkciji stvaranja i normalizovanja „zona
žrtvovanja“, „ekološkog duga“, dok privid o objektivnosti maskira epistemičko nasilje i akademski kapitalizam
The Determinants of Green, Social, and Sustainability Bonds Issuance: Insights from European Countries
No full textAchieving sustainable development represents one of the foremost challenges of the twenty-first century. In this context, funding environmentally and/or socially impactful projects becomes vital. Consequently, in recent years, the green, social, and sustainability [GSS] bonds have become a ‘trending’ topic, with more and more countries being interested in promoting their issuance. Through our research, we aim to advance a two-fold contribution to the field of economic studies on GSS bonds, as follows. First, we perform a brief bibliometric analysis on a dataset of 950 scientific documents extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database, spanning the years from 1976 to 2024. The results highlight a growing interest in the subject of GSS bond issuance in the last few years. Second, we assess the manner in which various factors might influence the GSS bond issuance for a sample of 28 European countries between 2018 and 2022. In this respect, we apply a comprehensive statistical technique—Bayesian Model Averaging, with a ‘uniform’ model prior, noninformative priors for the constant and the error variance, and Zellner’s prior with ‘Empirical Bayes local’
parameter for regression coefficients. The econometric results suggest that carbon dioxide emissions are a primary determinant of GSS bond issuance, followed by overall governance quality and unemployment. These outcomes are in line with previous studies on the issuance of GSS bonds
Financial development and innovation dynamics
Get PDFPurpose: The paper explores the relationship between financial development and innovation performance in
selected economies of the Western Balkans and Central and Eastern Europe. It aims to determine whether the
combination of bank-based and market-based financial development enhances national innovation capacity in
transitional contexts.
Methodology: The study is based on panel data analysis covering ten countries over the period 2011–2020. It
uses composite indices of financial institutions and financial markets developed by the International Monetary
Fund to capture different dimensions of financial development, and the Global Innovation Index to assess
innovation. To ensure methodological robustness, the study applies Feasible Generalized Least Squares,
addressing heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and cross-sectional dependence.
Findings: The results reveal that both bank-oriented and market-oriented financial structures have a positive and
statistically significant effect on innovation performance. Their combined effect supports the hypothesis that a
balanced and integrated financial system fosters innovation in economies undergoing structural transition.
Originality/value: The paper contributes to the literature by examining the dual role of financial systems in
innovation development within under-researched transitional economies. It differentiates between institutional and
market mechanisms and provides empirical support for their complementarity.
Practical implications: The findings suggest that policy efforts to develop inclusive and diversified financial
systems can strengthen national innovation ecosystems. Policymakers are encouraged to adopt reforms that
enhance access to financing across both banking and capital market channels.
Limitations: The study is limited by its geographic focus and the use of static models. Future research could
include additional countries, dynamic modeling approaches, and qualitative assessments of financial-institutional
environments
E-Government as a Key Factor for the Efficiency of Public Administration: Evidence from the Visegrad Group
Get PDFThe modernization and digitalization of administrative procedures are key elements of e-government development, as they improve the efficiency, accessibility, and transparency of public services. This paper analyzes the development of e-government through public services, information, and communication between governments and private individuals, businesses, and other stakeholders via digital technologies, especially the Internet. The study covers the countries of the Visegrad Group (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland). Officially available data from the United Nations (UN e-Government Knowledgebase) served as the basis for the secondary research. The time frame o f the study extends from 2010 to 2024. The research results show, firstly, that the observed group o f countries is at the bottom o f the EU ranking, and secondly, that Poland has improved its level, while the other V4 countries are lagging behind in the development of e-government
Ekonomska neaktivnost žena starijih od 50 godina u Srbiji i Severnoj Makedoniji: komaprativna analiza
Get PDFOvaj rad se bavi analizom aktivnosti ženske radne snage starije od 50 godina na dva susedna i po mnogo čemu slična tržišta rada, Srbije i Severne Makedonije. Na oba tržišta rada izražen je značajan i uporan rodni jaz u stopama zaposlenosti radno aktivne populacije (15-64 godine) koji u Srbiji i Severnoj Makedoniji iznosi 11,6% i 16,5% u 2023. godini. Stope aktivnosti žena (15-64 godine) u Srbiji i Severnoj Makedoniji su 65,6% i 54,7%, respektivno, značajno niže u poređenju sa stopama aktivnosti muškaraca, koje su ocenjene na 77,8% (Srbija) i 76,0% (Severna Makedonija). Taj problem se dodatno usložnjava
ako se posmatra kroz starosnu distribuciju, pokazujući da su žene starije od 50 godina manje sklone ostanku u radnoj snazi u poređenju sa muškarcima, što ih čini finansijski osetljivim ne samo trenutno, već smanjuje i njihove izglede
za pristojnu penziju. U ovom radu se, na bazi
korišćenja sekundarnih podataka Ankete o ranoj snazi, ukazuje na uzroke neaktivnosti žena starijih od 50 godina, na uticaj neaktivnosti na rodni jaz na tržištu rada i reperkusije ovakvih trendova na tržištima rada ovih dveju zemalja Zapadnog Balkana na politike u sferi rada i socijalnih pitanja
Operation allied force: unintended consequences of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization bombing on children’s outcomes
No full textThis paper estimates the causal effect of NATO’s Operation Allied Force in Serbia in 1999 on health and educational outcomes of children who were in the womb during the bombing. We use entire birth records of the Serbian Statistical Office and educational outcomes provided by the Ministry of Education. The estimation results of the difference-in-differences models, combined with propensity score matching, suggest that children who were in utero during the bombing were 2 percentage points (pp) more likely to be born with a below average (<3,500 g) birthweight and 1pp less likely to be born with high birthweight (≥4,000 g). We find no effects for low birthweight (<2,500 g) and stillbirth outcomes. In the medium-term, we find a statistically significant negative effect of the bombing on grades in mathematics (around −0.9%) and Serbian language (around −0.6%) at the end of primary school, and a 1pp decrease in the preference for/enrolment in academically oriented secondary school. Our results emphasise that war-related bombing has devastating consequences for pregnant women and affected children, and the necessity of policy intervention to prevent conflicts and mitigate their consequences for the most vulnerable part of the population
Izveštavanje o ESG performansama u hotelskim kompanijama
No full textOdrživo poslovanje postaje ključni faktor konkurentnosti u savremenoj hotelskoj industriji. ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) standardi dobijaju na značaju u hotelskoj industriji. ESG izveštavanje omogućava hotelima da prikažu svoje ekološke, društvene i korporativne performanse, istovremeno poboljšavajući konkurentsku prednost i privlačnost za investitore. Ovaj rad analizira strategije tri vodeće hotelske kompanije – Hilton, IHG i Marriott International – sa posebnim osvrtom na njihove ciljeve u oblasti smanjenja emisije ugljen-dioksida, upravljanja otpadom i podrške zaposlenima. Sve tri kompanije sprovode mere energetske efikasnosti, koriste obnovljive izvore energije i razvijaju programe za unapređenje dobrobiti zaposlenih. Iako im je zajednički cilj ekološka i društvena održivost, analizom je utvrđeno da postoje razlike u pristupima svake kompanije, što ukazuje na raznolikost strategija u okviru globalne hotelske industrije. Rad takođe pruža predloge za buduća istraživanja u ovoj oblasti. Osim toga, naglašena je važnost inovacija i tehnološkog napretka kao ključnih faktora u implementaciji održivih praksi u hotelskom sektoru
Enhancing B2B Business Models: The Influence of Digital Trends and Technological Integration
No full textIn an era characterized by digital innovation, B2B business models are experiencing seismic change driven by the integration of e-commerce, big data, AI, digital marketing, IoT, and blockchain technologies. This paper explores the revolutionary impact of these digital trends and how they are reshaping business operations and customer engagement. Using insightful case studies from industry giants such as Alibaba, the paper illustrates the practical applications and transformative benefits of these technologies. Despite challenges such as the complexity of integration, legal hurdles, and privacy concerns, the potential for sustainable growth and competitive advantage in the digital age is immense. The paper argues for a proactive approach to overcoming these obstacles, enabling companies to take full advantage of the opportunities presented by digitalization and drive future success