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Creative industries as a driver of innovations and competitiveness : global and national overview
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic hit creative industries severely - more than 10
million people engaged in creative industries globally lost their jobs during the
first pandemic year. However, the impact across the industries varied
significantly. The IT sector benefited while in-person events and attractions
suffered both from travel restrictions and social distancing measures. The
pandemic has led to a surge in online activity while, at the same time, accelerating
the process of digital transformation. From 2016 to 2021, the number of hours
watched on Netflix per minute increased 7.4 times, whereas Facebook logins per
minute almost doubled, as did Google searches and YouTube views. A new trend
also emerged – the digital transformation of production, distribution and access
to creative content. To respond to the inflated demand for goods and services
with creative content, music, museums, film and performing arts have been
offered online, while festivals created hybrid alternatives for the world to enjoy
the culture. Considering the importance of creative industries in today's
globalized environment as a driving force of innovation and transformation, the
paper aims to provide deeper insights into the current state and perspectives of
the sector with a focus on its digital transformation. To obtain the paper's
objective, the standard desk research method and secondary data analysis have
been performed. The analysis has been conducted on three levels – global,
regional and national. Bearing in mind the sector's role and potential, especially
in the emerging market context, the conclusions and recommendations obtained
in this paper are primarily intended for the policymakers and expert public in the
Republic of Serbia
Women’s Economic Empowerment through Tourism: A Case Study of Selected Western Balkans Countries
Get PDFTourism is considered to be an essential means of empowering women in the national, regional and global economy, presenting both opportunities for gender equality and women’s empowerment. However, the general lack of women’s empowerment worldwide calls for research. This paper investigates opportunities for women to improve their socioeconomic status through tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia. Its methodology is based on qualitative research. A survey was conducted on a sample of 388 female respondents engaged within the tourism sector from these countries. The results are presented through descriptive methods, comparing the attitudes of women 18 to 65 years of age, their respective levels of education and barriers within entrepreneurship activities in tourism. The data obtained were analyzed in accordance with the objectives of this study and the research questions posed. It is found that training and further education, as well as providing financial assistance, would significantly assist women in opening their own tourism businesses within the region. The study also finds that women generally report financial support as a crucial factor in helping support businesses in the tourism sector
Opening the Black Box: Is there a Gender Gap in Digital Competences of Persons with Disabilities in Serbia?
Get PDFIt is estimated that more than 700,000 individuals in Serbia face some form of disability (physical, sensory,
intellectual), of which between 215,000 and 300,000 are part of the working-age population. Nevertheless, only
about 13% of the total number of persons with disabilities in Serbia is employed. Persons with disabilities
usually perform work tasks that are below the level of their qualifications, while employers tend to give them a
reduced amount of work and less demanding tasks which are generally lower paid. As a consequence of facing
discrimination, persons with disabilities have a greater tendency towards long-term unemployment and complete
withdrawal from the labor market. However, the world of work is in constant change with the emergence of gig
or platform work as one of the latest trends and digital labor platforms as one of its critical components For
years, Serbia has been ranked as one of the leading countries in the field of crowdwork on digital labor
platforms. Moreover, digital labor platforms and the usage of advanced digital technologies create almost equal
opportunities for persons with disabilities to engage in the virtual labor market and generate income. In order to
have sufficient capacity to meet the maximum estimated requirements of their distant employers, remote workers
are required to possess an adequate level of digital competences, skills and knowledge. Accordingly, the subject
of this paper is the evaluation of the level of digital competencies of persons with disabilities in the Republic of
Serbia in order to identify gender-related differences in that regard. The results obtained aim to identify the gap
between the existing and required competences for starting an entrepreneurial venture or finding a job using
digital (freelance) platforms. The paper’s main contribution reflects the fact that digital competences of persons
with disabilities in Serbia in the context of their self-employment are a topic insufficiently explored in the
existing literature
Crni Labudovi - sistemski rizik u finansijskom i projektnom portfolio menadžmentu
Get PDFRad razmatra analizu rizika u nastajanju kao sistemskog rizika te podelu ukupnog
rizika na sistemske i nesistemske rizike, karakteristične za finansijska tržišta i investicioni
portfolio menadžment. Takođe, rad obuhvata analizu karakteristika i povezanost finansijskog
i projektnog portfolio menadžmenta, kao i mogućnosti implementacije iskustava sa
finansijskih tržišta i globalnih svetskih kriza na unapređenje menadžementa rizika kao
sastavnog dela portfolio projektnog menadžementa. Šta su crni labudovi u projektnom
menadžmentu i šta ih karakteriše i svrstava u rizike budućnosti ili tzv. rizike u nastajanju? Da
li se podela rizika na sistemske i nesistemske može primeniti i na projektni menadžment i
značajno doprineti kontroli rizika, ali i odabiru alata, scenarija za agilnije delovanje, te da li je
pandemija COVID 19, promenila dosadašnje pristupe? Da li su matematičke metode
primenjene u ekonomskoj analizi, dovoljne i za projektni menadžment u postpandemijskom
periodu ili u okviru agilnih metodologija i hibridnih sistema treba pored brzog razvoja
softvera i intenzivne primene veštačke inteligencije u predikcijama, ipak znatno povećati i
značaj operativnog rizika kategorije ljudski faktor (Matić, 2008)
Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of International Tourism Development on the Economic Growth of Mediterranean Countries
Get PDFThe research presented in this paper aims to examine the short-term and long-term effects of international tourism on the economic growth
of 17 Mediterranean countries in the period 2000 to 2019. The impact of tourism is not analysed separately. Actually, the indicators of the countries’ labour
potential, annual investments, openness to total foreign trade and in flation
are also included in the analysis. A panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)
evaluation model along with pooled mean group (PMG) estimator was used
which proved to be appropriate, based on the characteristics of the panel data
series. Our research has shown that the share of international tourism receipts
in total exports of a country does not have a statistically signifcant positive
short-term effect on GDP per capita growth, but that it has a statistically signifcant positive effect in the first lag and a positive long-term effect. Therefore, the hypothesis stating that international tourism receipts have statistically signifcant short-term and long-term effects on economic growth can be
rejected. Our research has shown that economic growth, as a dependent variable, returns to a long-term equilibrium after changing a selected set of independent variables in just over a year. It is vital to note that the size of long-term
coefcients obtained by applying the selected model indicates that economic
growth is more sensitive to the changes in the share of international tourism in
total exports compared to other selected independent variables
Diaspora Contribution to the Economic Development of the Republic of Serbia: Remittances and Investments
Get PDFThis chapter analyzes current and potential ways through which diaspora business
engagement has had impact on the Serbian economy. The chapter focuses on the
institutional framework established with an aim to stimulate cooperation between
diaspora and local business entities, remittance inflow patterns, as well as potentials
for enhancing knowledge transfer practices. Moreover, the links between remittance
and key macroeconomics variables (GDP growth, current account balance and
exchange rate) have been analyzed. The analysis of the institutional and regulatory
framework shows that Serbia has already developed a solid institutional framework for
diaspora engagement. The potential of the informal diaspora organizations and
diaspora related business associations seems still underexploited. The analysis showed
that remittances represent important factor which help avoiding the adverse effects of
macroeconomic shocks, having countercyclical character. Generous remittance
inflows accounted for the almost 80% of the balance of payments deficit in the last
decade. Therefore, a stable remittance inflows significantly contributed to the stability
of the exchange rate, even putting pressures to appreciate. However, there should be
developed more sophisticated policy measures to stimulate diaspora-related
investments since the largest share of remittances has been directed to the personal
consumption
Perspektiva razvoja inovacionog sistema Republike Srbije
Get PDFMonografija ima za cilj da prikaže postojeće stanje i ukaže na moguće perspektive razvoja
inovacionog sistema Republike Srbije (RS). Specifični ciljevi, čija realizacija pruža mogućnost
ocene postojećeg stanja i definisanja mogućih pravaca razvoja nacionalnog inovacionog sistema,
obuhvataju jedinstven prikaz delovanja Vlade RS u okviru inovacione politike, merenje efekata
implementacije njenih mera kroz direktne korisnike i privredu kao celinu, merenje intenziteta
inovativnih aktivnosti u nacionalnom inovacionom sistemu i identifikovanje različitih aspekata
izazova u oblasti društvenih inovacija.
Osnovna svrha istraživanja ogleda se u potrebi da se sprovede sveobuhvatna analiza intenziteta
inovativnih aktivnosti i mera inovacione politike i njihovog uticaja na rast i razvoj privrede i
društva Republike Srbije. Potreba za sveobuhvatnom analizom i cilj naučne publikacije uslovili su
definisanje predmeta istraživanja. Predmet istraživanja je analiza realizovanih programa i mera
nacionalne inovacione politike, intenziteta inovativnih aktivnosti odabranih učesnika nacionalnog
inovacionog sistema i različitih aspekata izazova u oblasti društvenih inovacija s posebnim
osvrtom na žensko inovaciono i socijalno preduzetništvo. Analiza sprovedenih programa i mera
nacionalne inovacione politike podrazumeva njihovo sistematizovanje i merenje efekata direktne
finansijske podrške inovacionoj delatnosti. Prilikom sistematizovanja u obzir su uzeti svi
programi mera dok je merenje efekata direktne finansijske podrške sprovedeno u slučaju
projekata realizovanih pod okriljem Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja u periodu
20017-2017. godina i tri programa Fonda za inovacionu delatnost u periodu od njegovog
osnivanja do 2018. godine. Reč je o Programu ranog razvoja (Mini Grants Program), Programu
sufinansiranja inovacija (Matching Grants Program) i Programu saradnje nauke i privrede
(Collaborative Grant Scheme Program). Ograničavanje vremenskog perioda u kojem se mere efekti
direktne finansijske podrške rezultat je potrebe da se u naučnu publikaciju implementira
aplikativni deo ranije sprovedenog istraživanja. Reč je o rezultatima istraživanja projekta pod
nazivom „Kvantitativna analiza uticaja inovacione politike i industrije 4.0 na razvoj ekonomije,
tehnološkog napretka i preduzetništva u Srbiji“. Istraživanje je realizovano kao deo PERFORM
projekta. U pitanju je istraživanje koje predstavlja jedan od sedam elemenata projekta pod
nazivom „Implementacija druge faze projekta za kreiranje javnih politika zasnovanih na
dokazima”, počev od 20. januara 2018. godine do 31. jula 2018. godine. Istraživanje je realizovano
pod pokroviteljstvom HELVETAS Swiss Intercoopartion SRB, koji implementira PERFORM projekat
i Republičkog sekretarijata za javne politike kao partnera na tom projektu. Pored toga što se u
aplikativnom delu oslanja na prethodno realizovano istraživanje, sadržaj monografija u svojoj
celosti predstavlja rezultat istraživanja finansiran od strane Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i
tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije.
Predmet i cilj istraživanja uslovili su sadržaj monografije čija se struktura sastoji iz četiri logički
povezane celine i osam tematski raspoređenih poglavlja.
Prvi deo monografije odnosi se na konceptualni okvir nacionalnog inovacionog sistema. Za
potrebe determinisanja konceptualnog okvira izdiferencirana su dva poglavlja. U prvom poglavlju je predstavljen teorijski okvir istraživanja u okviru kojeg su definisani pojamovi inovativna
aktivnost, inovacije i inovacioni sistem. Takođe, u ovom delu monografije ukazano je na aktuelnost
i značaj fenomena inovacija. Drugo poglavlje obuhvata metodološki okvir istraživanja i u okviru
njega su generisane primenjene metode i izvori podataka.
Drugi deo monografije posvećen je inovacionom sistemu Republike Srbije. Nacionalni inovacioni
sistem opisan je kroz tri poglavlja. Poglavlje kojim započinje drugi deo naučne publikacije
obuhvata istraživanja u oblasti relevantne pravne regulative i usmereno je na identifikovanje
učesnika nacionalnog inovacionog sistema. Drugo poglavlje, ovog dela publikacije, odnosi se na
istraživanja o nacionalnim programima i merama za finansiranje inovacione delatnosti. U fokusu
narednog poglavlja nalazi se ocena efekata direktne finansijske podrške inovacionoj delatnosti.
Ovo poglavlje je jedno od dva aplikativna dela publikacije i bavi se ocenom efekata ulaganja u
inovacionu delatnost kroz odabrane projekte Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja
(u daljem tekstu: MPNTR) i Fonda za inovacionu delatnost. Ocena efekata direktne finansijske
podrški izvršena je za inovacione i infrastrukturne projekte MPNTR i tri programa Fonda za
inovacionu delatnost. Reč je o Programu ranog razvoja, Programu sufinansiranja inovacija i
Programu saradnje nauke i privrede.
Treći deo monografije posvećen je istraživanjima u oblasti inovativne aktivnosti. U okviru trećeg
dela integrisano je šesto poglavlje publikacije u okviru kojeg se ispituje intenzitet inovativne
aktivnosti predstavnika privrede, nauke i akademije, inovacione infrastrukture, organizacija za
obavljanje inovacione delatnosti, start-up preduzeća, aktera za promociju i unapređenje inovacija,
vladinih resora i informaciono-komunikacionih tehnoloških preduzeća (IKT). Takođe u okviru
ovog poglavlja prezentovani su i primeri dobre prakse. Šesto poglavlje ujedno predstavlja i drugi
aplikativni deo publikacije.
Četvrti deo monografije bavi se istraživanjima u domenu perspektiva za dalji razvoj inovacionog
sistema. U ovom delu publikacije integrisana su dva poglavlja. Prvo poglavlje posvećeno je
izazovima u razvoju nacionalnog inovacionog sistema i istraživanjima u oblasti društvenih
inovacija na nivou gradskih uprava i nevladinih organizacija, kao i istraživanjima u oblasti ženskog
inovativnog i socijalnog preduzetništva. U drugom poglavlju date su preporuke za unapređenje
rada nacionalnog inovacionog sistema. Preporuke su izvedene sa aspekta jedinstvenog prikaza
delovanja Vlade Republike Srbije u okviru inovacione politike, efekata njenog ulaganja u
inovacionu delatnost i intenziteta inovativne aktivnosti učesnika u nacionalnom inovacionom
sistemu.
Sveobuhvatan pristup istraživanju pružio je rezultate iz kojih proističe naučni doprinos. Naučni
doprinos monografije ogleda se u jedinstvenom prikazu delovanja u okviru nacionalne inovacione
politike i primenjenim metodama prilikom merenja efekata direktne finansijske podrške
inovacionoj delatnosti. Svojim zaključcima sprovedeno istraživanje podstiče razmišljanje o
različitim alternativama daljeg razvoja nacionalnog inovacionog sistema. Na ovaj način podstiču
se dalja istraživanja u referentnoj oblasti i otvaraju se mogućnosti za iniciranje različitih
projektnih ideja. Po svom obimu, načinu citiranja i predviđenoj upotrebi bibliografskih referenci, monografija je
napisana u skladu sa aktuelnim Pravilnikom o sticanju istraživačkih i naučnih zvanja. Monografija
je, pomoću programa iThenticate, podvrgnuta kontroli originalnosti i prošla je test na plagijat.
Pored toga što će značajno obogatiti domaću literaturu koja se bavi istraživanjima u oblasti
nacionalnog inovacionog sistema, autori se nadaju da će prezentovani sadržaj monografije
zainteresovati i ostaviti snažan uticaj na naučnu i stručnu javnost. Želja autora je da prezentovani
tekst pored korisnih informacija pružiti i mogućnost uživanja tokom čitanja, otkrivanja i usvajanja
novih saznanja
Poverty and regional distribution of the self-employed in Serbia
Get PDFThe economic status of the self-employed is closely related to the level of
development and poverty rates observed by region. This observation comes from the
heterogeneity of the self-employed group, including those who hire other people or those self-declared as solo entrepreneurs. The secondary statistical data show that employees are more
evenly distributed regionally than the self-employed. For instance, self-employed with
employees are concentrated in the north, while solo entrepreneurs gravitate to the south of the
country. This paper aims to examine further whether the employment status in the form of self-employment correlates with poverty, measured by the at-risk-of-poverty rate, and which factors
determine this relationship in Serbia. The data from the Survey on income and living conditions
for Serbia are used for the econometric analysis presented in this paper. Some previous findings
show that the variables, such as working hours and capital, may moderate the effects of income
poverty in those households where the prime source of income comes from self-employment.
We confirmed the expected associations between the poverty risk and their predictors only in
the Serbia-South region. The results of this paper are essential for advising policies to identify
whether the support through entrepreneurial programs follows poverty status regionally and by
sector of activity
The Size of the Fiscal Stimulus in European Countries
No full textIn this, we discuss and assess the size of the fiscal stimulus in European countries. To
this end, we developed a simple methodological framework for the estimation of fiscal
stimulus as a discretionary component of fiscal balance, relying on the information in
the IMF World Economic Outlook database. Decomposition of fiscal balances
indicates that discretionary component exceeded cyclical component in most European
countries, implying that European countries did well in mitigating economic fallout. In
addition, we compared estimated fiscal stimuli with above-the-line measures
announced or taken in 10 selected European countries. Our findings show that the
difference between estimated stimulus and measures announced or taken can be huge,
which is a puzzling result and a potential subject for future research
Implications of Covid-19 Crisis on Public and Private Pension Sectors
Get PDFAfter almost two years of coping with the Covid-19 pandemic, the global economy is
still unable to regain pre-Covid growth rates. Governments worldwide have
implemented various policy measures to counter the Covid-19 economic crisis, which
triggered the public finance deterioration. Since public pension systems of many
countries are financed partially through tax revenues, the rise of public expenditures
could pose a danger to the safety of old-age pensions in the future. As for private
pension plans and funds, the prolonged period of low investment return rates prior to
the Covid-19 outbreak followed by amplification in the Covid-19 era has affected their
financial position. However, global investment returns are recovering from the Covid-19 adverse impact, which benefits the private pension sector in maintaining the pre-Covid funded status. Also, the economic growth rate prospects are promising,
combined with the unemployment rate decrease. These trends should mitigate the
negative effects of exemptions from contribution obligations, deferrals in the payment
of contributions, and reduction of contributions. In this way, current and future retirees
would not experience significant drops in retirement benefits